Concepts and Terms Flashcards
Multilateral Diplomacy
negotiations between more than one country to other countries.
Multilateral Organizations
organizations formed between three or more nations to work on issues that relate to all of the countries in the organization.
Italian city-states
The origin of a multilateral diplomacy 15th century after much bloodshed
Italian League (1455)
Another one of the first Multilateral Dimplomacies
Treaty of Westphalia
Signed in 1648, a multilateral diplomacy treaty
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) & Universal Postal Union (1874)
ITU founded in 1865 (originally called the International
Telegraph Union)
UPU 1874
both part of the UN System
Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague (1899)
The International Peace Conference held in The Hague
in 1899 established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which started its work in 1902. It was the first medium for settling international disputes between countries and a predecessor of the UN’s International Court of Justice.
Woodrow Wilson and his influence on the League of Nations
Woodrow Wilson outlined his idea for the League of Nations due to the utter devastation of WWI and the need for international organization to settle disputes before they escalated to military conflicts.
Twenty Year Crisis
The time in between WWI and WWII
1938 Munich Conference and the failure of the League of Nations
The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany’s annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country’s borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation “Sudetenland” was coined. The agreement was negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe, excluding the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. Today, it is widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany.
League of Nations and the anarchical international system
States retain sovereignty and therefore problems arose with applying pressure through verbal warnings and sanctions.
Problems with the League of Nations
1938 Munich Conference
No rules to challenge State sovereignty
No army of its own
Declaration by the United Nations (1942)
26 countries pledged to fight Axis powers
obtain just peace
Date of Signing and founding UN
Meeting in Dumbarton Oaks 1944, UN Charter signed 1945 which established UN as an institution.
Basic overview of the UN Charter’s structure and process
111 articles, 19 chapters
Chapter 1 General purpose of UN
Chapter 2 Membership in UN
Chapters 3-15 Organs & institutions of UN
Chapters 6 & 7 SC investigative, mediation, sanction or military authorization power
Principle organs of the UN
General Assembly Security Council Economic and Social Council Secretariat International Court of Justice Trusteeship Council
United Nations vs United Nations System
UN - Principle Organs and their sub-bodies
UN System - The UN System is known as the “UN Family”, which consists of a support system for the principle organs through Programs, Funds, and Specialized agencies such as UNICEF.
Number of Member States of the UN (2015)
193
Observer States of the UN
2 Palestine & the Holy See
NGO representation
Non Governmental Organizations represented mostly within ECOSOC not GA and not SC
Voting in the UN
1 Country, 1 vote
Majority vote needed
except article 18 (2/3rd needed)
Voting Blocks
Membership of the UN Security Council
5 permanent members US, UK, France, Russia & China
10 non permanent members
Power of the Permanent five (P-5)
Veto power given to P-5 members to stop the passing of resolutions even if unanimous consent of other members.
Structure and Jurisdiction of ECOSOC
One Country, one vote
regional representation vs universal representation
54 members ‘73
Social, economic and environmental issues
