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United Nations Midterm Study Guide > Concepts and Terms > Flashcards

Concepts and Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Multilateral Diplomacy

A

negotiations between more than one country to other countries.

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2
Q

Multilateral Organizations

A

organizations formed between three or more nations to work on issues that relate to all of the countries in the organization.

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3
Q

Italian city-states

A

The origin of a multilateral diplomacy 15th century after much bloodshed

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4
Q

Italian League (1455)

A

Another one of the first Multilateral Dimplomacies

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5
Q

Treaty of Westphalia

A

Signed in 1648, a multilateral diplomacy treaty

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6
Q

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) & Universal Postal Union (1874)

A

ITU founded in 1865 (originally called the International
Telegraph Union)
UPU 1874
both part of the UN System

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7
Q

Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague (1899)

A

The International Peace Conference held in The Hague
in 1899 established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which started its work in 1902. It was the first medium for settling international disputes between countries and a predecessor of the UN’s International Court of Justice.

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8
Q

Woodrow Wilson and his influence on the League of Nations

A

Woodrow Wilson outlined his idea for the League of Nations due to the utter devastation of WWI and the need for international organization to settle disputes before they escalated to military conflicts.

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9
Q

Twenty Year Crisis

A

The time in between WWI and WWII

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10
Q

1938 Munich Conference and the failure of the League of Nations

A

The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany’s annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country’s borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation “Sudetenland” was coined. The agreement was negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe, excluding the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. Today, it is widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany.

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11
Q

League of Nations and the anarchical international system

A

States retain sovereignty and therefore problems arose with applying pressure through verbal warnings and sanctions.

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12
Q

Problems with the League of Nations

A

1938 Munich Conference
No rules to challenge State sovereignty
No army of its own

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13
Q

Declaration by the United Nations (1942)

A

26 countries pledged to fight Axis powers

obtain just peace

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14
Q

Date of Signing and founding UN

A

Meeting in Dumbarton Oaks 1944, UN Charter signed 1945 which established UN as an institution.

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15
Q

Basic overview of the UN Charter’s structure and process

A

111 articles, 19 chapters
Chapter 1 General purpose of UN
Chapter 2 Membership in UN
Chapters 3-15 Organs & institutions of UN
Chapters 6 & 7 SC investigative, mediation, sanction or military authorization power

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16
Q

Principle organs of the UN

A 
General Assembly
Security Council 
Economic and Social Council
Secretariat
International Court of Justice
Trusteeship Council
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17
Q

United Nations vs United Nations System

A

UN - Principle Organs and their sub-bodies
UN System - The UN System is known as the “UN Family”, which consists of a support system for the principle organs through Programs, Funds, and Specialized agencies such as UNICEF.

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18
Q

Number of Member States of the UN (2015)

A

193

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19
Q

Observer States of the UN

A

2 Palestine & the Holy See

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20
Q

NGO representation

A

Non Governmental Organizations represented mostly within ECOSOC not GA and not SC

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21
Q

Voting in the UN

A

1 Country, 1 vote
Majority vote needed
except article 18 (2/3rd needed)
Voting Blocks

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22
Q

Membership of the UN Security Council

A

5 permanent members US, UK, France, Russia & China

10 non permanent members

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23
Q

Power of the Permanent five (P-5)

A

Veto power given to P-5 members to stop the passing of resolutions even if unanimous consent of other members.

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24
Q

Structure and Jurisdiction of ECOSOC

A

One Country, one vote
regional representation vs universal representation
54 members ‘73
Social, economic and environmental issues

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25
Q

NGO Representation at ECOSOC

A

NGO are represented at ECOSOC and there are various statuses of the NGO’s

26
Q

International Court of Justice (ICJ) structure and jurisdiction

A

Civil Court
Contentious Cases - One country sues another
Advisory Opinion - Outline pre-existing norms of laws but are not binding
15 Judges, 3 year terms, 5 judges rotated out per election
No two from the same State and legal system representation
No State Representation but rather International Interests

27
Q

ICC vs ICJ

A

ICJ (International Court of Justice) is one of the principle organs of the UN. The ICJ is a civil court for countries to sue each other. The two areas covered by ICJ are contentious cases and advisory opinion.
ICC (International Criminal Court) is a court to sue individuals or multiple individuals. The three areas covered by ICC are genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes.

28
Q

Un Trusteeship Council

A

Addresses issues of territories during decolonization
Helps protect territories from being taken over during transition to States
‘94 Palau became State from territory status
Meets once a year

29
Q

Protectorate Status after WWI

A

the UN Trusteeship council was created as a protectorate to help territories not to get taken over by stronger States.

30
Q

UN Secretariat

A

International Civil Service
Headed by Secretary General currently Ban Ki Moon
GA recommendation, SC approved
5 year term, no limits
No State Representation but rather International Interests

31
Q

UN Secretary General (Current selection process and term limits

A

GA recommendation, SC approved

5 year term, no limits

32
Q

Article 2 of the UN Charter

A

Issue of sovereignty at the UN

33
Q

Voting structure in UN General Assembly

A

One Country, one vote
Majority vote
Except article 18 (maintenance & preservation of peacekeeping) 2/3rd vote

34
Q

Issue of Article 12 of the UN Charter and the jurisdiction of the UN General Assembly and the UN

A

Seize upon the matter issues, SC can use this and GA can no longer talk about the issue

35
Q

Committee Structure of the UN General Assembly and their Jurisdiction

A

First committee - Disarmament & International Security
Second committee - Economic & Financial
Third committee - Social, Humanitarian & Cultural
Fourth committee - Special Politics & Decolonization
Fifth committee - Administrative & Budgetary
Sixth committee - Legal

36
Q

Small countries versus large countries missions and their representation in the UN

A

US 4 ambassadors, 150 staff
Czech Republic 1 ambassador, 10 advisers & counselors
Vanuatu 1 ambassador, 1 secretary
larger countries have a higher representation in the UN, smaller countries have to pick and choose their battles

37
Q

Three Phase Process of the UN GA Proceedings

A

Broad Debate - Formal speeches
Formal Caucuses - Detailed consideration of proposed resolutions
Voting on Proposals

38
Q

Formal Caucusing and informal caucusing

A

Formal Caucuses - call for motion to have a 15 minute break

Informal Caucuses - grabbing lunch, coffee, drinks etc.

39
Q

Role of IGO’s in Coordinating Voting blocks during the Voting in the UN GA

A

IGO’s such as the European Union, African Union, Islamic League usually meet together during caucusing to come to an agreement to vote together through the GA’s voting process

40
Q

Recommendation Power of the UN GA and International Law

A

Article 10 - Resolutions and recommendations usually are respected as a source of international law. 80% passed with unanimous consent and watered down

41
Q

Primary Responsibility of the UN Security Council

A

Maintenance of International peace & security

42
Q

Chapter 6 activities by the UN Security Council

A

Pacific settlement - mediation & acting as a good office

43
Q

Chapter 7 activities by the UN Security Council

A

Use of Force & Sanctions - military forces PKO’s

44
Q

Good Office

A

neutral grounds or entity for two opposing States to meet. May be a space UN grounds or a Country

45
Q

Provisional agendas and the UN Security Council

A

Drawn by SG, approved by SC President

SC Pres rotates alphabetically every month

46
Q

Basic Proceedings and the Structure of the UN Security Council

A

Meets year round - anytime President deems necessary
honors requests for mtgs in 24 hours
must meet within 14 day span
open or closed meetings

47
Q

Statistics of vetos by P-5

A 
Russia - 127
USA - 83
UK - 32
France - 18
China - 9
48
Q

Issues vetoed by P-5 members

A

USA - Israel/Palestine, South Africa, Israel/Lebanon, Namibia, Nicaragua
UK - Southern Rhodesia, South Africa, Namibia, Libya, Egypt/Israel
China - Syria, Zimbabwe, Myanmar, Middle East, Guatemala
France - Namibia, South Africa, Libya, Egypt/Israel, Spanish Question
Russia - Spanish Question, India/Pakistan, Greek Question, Congo, Korea

49
Q

Types of GA sessions

A

Regular Sessions - Sept to Dec & Jan til finished (credentials and or general committees)
Special Sessions - By request of SC or majority member states or one member state if members concur (29)
Emergency Special Sessions

50
Q

UN GA Resolution 377 A(V)-the Uniting for Peace resolution (November 3, 1950)

A

Cold war deadlock between USSR and US
USSR blocked authorization to help South Korea against North Korea
Special Session - recommendation of collective measures use of armed force when necessary

51
Q

PKOs and MNFs

A

Peacekeeping Operations - UN

Multinational Forces - IGO’s

52
Q

Number of current Peacekeeping operations

A

16 current

71 total since 1948

53
Q

Largest troop contributors to PKOs

A 
Bangladesh (9432)
Ethiopia (8309)
India (7794)
Pakistan (7533)
Rwanda (5685)
54
Q

First PKO by the UN

A

UN Truce Supervision Organization (result of 1948 war, May 1948-present)

55
Q

Rise in number of intrastate conflict and the SC’s decision to be more involved in global community

A

One of the challenges after the Cold War

56
Q

Multidimensional work of PKOs

A

Shift toward implementing of peace deals

Expansion of non military components such as human rights, gender issues and child protection

57
Q

The Brahimi Report (Principles)

A

Consent by warranting parties
Clear and specific mandate
Adequate resources as minimum requirements for a successful UN mission

58
Q

Responsibility to Protect (R2P)

A

The shirt in thinking about Sovereignty as just the control of affairs within its borders to it becoming the State’s responsibility to protect it’s members within its borders and if a state is incapable to protecting it’s members, it becomes the international communities responsibility to intervene.

59
Q

Findings by the High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (2004)

A

Takes into consideration seriousness of threat, last resort & proportionality of the response

60
Q

International Bill of Human Rights

A

UDHR (1984) A/RES/3/217
International covenant on civil and political rights w it’s two optional protocols
The law that deals with protection of individuals and groups against violations of their internationally guaranteed rights.
personal and collective vulnerability

61
Q

Natural Law vs Positive Law

A

Natural Law - God given privileges (rights and values inherent in human beings)
Positivist Law - The law of State, the source of the law is human construct

United Nations Midterm Study Guide (3 decks)

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