Concepts Flashcards
3 categories of network components
Devices: hardware such as PCs, routers, switches.
Media: cabling or wireless
Services: Includes applications such as email as well as the processes that directs and move messages through the network.
4 types of Home & Small office internet connections
Cable - Typically offered by cable television service providers, the Internet data signal is carried on the same cable that delivers cable television.
DSL - Digital Subscriber Lines runs over a telephone line. In general, small office and home office users connect using Asymmetrical DSL (ADSL), which means that the download speed is faster than the upload speed
Cellular - Cellular Internet access uses a cell phone network to connect.
Satellite - Satellite dishes require a clear line of sight to the satellite.
Dial-up Telephone - An inexpensive option that uses any phone line and a modem. The low bandwidth provided by a dial-up modem connection is usually not sufficient for large data transfer, although it is useful for mobile access while traveling.
4 types of Business Internet Connections
Dedicated Leased Line - Leased lines are actually reserved circuits within the service provider’s network that connect geographically separated offices for private voice and/or data networking
Ethernet WAN - Ethernet WANs extend LAN access technology into the WAN.
DSL - Business DSL is available in various formats. A popular choice is Symmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (SDSL) which is similar to the consumer version of DSL, but provides uploads and downloads at the same speeds
Satellite - Similar to small office and home office users, satellite service can provide a connection when a wired solution is not available
4 characteristics the network infrastructure needs to address
Fault tolerance - A fault tolerant network is one that limits the impact of a failure by having multiple paths to a destination (redundancy)
Scalability - A scalable network can expand quickly.
QoS - Managed by the router; ensures priority for certain traffic.
Security - Includes physical securing of devices that provide network connectivity and preventing unauthorized access to the software that resides on them.
3 primary requirements of information security
Confidentiality - Only the intended and authorized recipients can access and read data.
Integrity - Having the assurance that the information hasn’t been altered in transmission from origin to destination.
Availability - Have the assurance of timely and reliable access to data services.
4 types of cloud computing
Public clouds - Uses the internet to provide services made available to the general population on a pay-per-use model or for free.
Private clouds - Services offered in this type of cloud are specific to an organization
Hybrid clouds - Made up of two or more clouds where each part remains distinctive objects but both are connected using a single architecture.
Custom clouds - Built to meet the needs of a specific industry such as healthcare or media.
7 types of security threats
Viruses, worms and trojan horses - Malicious software running on a user device.
Spy/adware - Secretly collects information about the user.
Zero-Day Attacks - Occurs on the first day a vulnerability becomes known.
Hacker attacks - An attack by a knowledgeable user.
Denial of Service - Attacks designed to slow or crash a network.
Data interception and theft - An attack to capture private information from an organization’s network.
Identity Theft - Steal login credentials of a user.
Types of security solutions
Security components for a SOHO: antivirus, antispyware and firewall filtering.
In addition to the above, network security components for a corporate network should include: Dedicated firewall, ACL, IPS, VPN.
3 Types of access methods
Console - out-of-band access
SSH - Secure method
Telnet - Insecure method; user authentication, passwords and commands are sent in plaintext.
Limiting Device Access
Secure privileged EXEC access with a password.
Secure user EXEC access with a password.
Secure remote Telnet access with a password.
Encrypt all passwords.
Provide legal notification.
Hostname Requirements
Start with a letter
Contain no spaces
End with a letter or digit
Be less than 64 characters in length
Password guidelines
Greater than 8 characters
Combination of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, special characters and/or numeric sequences.
Avoid using the same password for all devices.
Don’t use common words.
3 Communication Fundamentals
Source.
Destination.
The channel or media the message travels over.
5 Protocol requirements
Message encoding Message formatting and encapsulation Message size Message timing Message delivery options
2 Primary functions of ethernet
Communication over a data link.
The physical transmission of data on the network media.
