Concepts

Question 1

Ideal Gas Assumptions

Answer 1

• there is no attraction among molecules

- the molecules don’t take up any space

Question 2

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 2

• gases are composed of tiny particles that are in constant, random, straight-line motion
• this motion is constantly interrupted by collisions between the particles
• the rate of motion of the particles is related to their temp.
• particles move faster at higher temps, and slower at lower temps

Question 3

STP definition

Answer 3

1.00 atm

273 K

Question 4

Pressure definition

Answer 4

the force exerted divided by the area of which the force is exerted
Pressure=Force/Area

Question 5

Pressure characteristics

Answer 5

• measured by number of collisions of molecules

- measured by force of collisions of molecules

Question 6

How does a barometer work?

Answer 6

Inside the dish and the glass tube, there is mercury. The mercury level depends on the air pressure. If there is high air pressure, the air pushes down on the mercury, and forces it to rise inside the glass tube. If there is low air pressure, the mercury is at a lower level in the glass tube because it is not being forced up by the air pressure.

Question 7

What does temperature measure?

Answer 7

kinetic energy

Question 8

What is the difference between the three types of temperature scales?

Answer 8

nn

Question 9

Direct relationship

Answer 9

as one variable increases, the other variable increases; as one decreases, the other decreases

Question 10

Pressure Vs. Temperature

Answer 10

Pressure goes up when temp. goes up (direct relationship)

Question 11

Inverse (indirect) relationship

Answer 11

as one variable increases, the other decreases; as one decreases, the other increases

Question 12

Pressure vs. Volume

Answer 12

Pressure goes up when volume goes down (inverse relationship)

Question 13

Temperature vs. Volume

Answer 13

Volume goes down when temperature goes down (direct relationship)

Question 14

Explain the process of boiling

Answer 14

a sufficient number of adjacent molecules are above the boiling point and can form bubbles of gaseous water
-ex: cooking

Question 15

Explain the process of evaporation

Answer 15

• molecules escaping to the gaseous phase from the surface of a liquid when the average temperature of the liquid is below boiling point
• temperature distribution of molecules is not always the same
• molecules must wait until their random motion brings them to the surface
  - ex: Holy Water Font

Question 16

Explain the process of condensation

Answer 16

• phase change from gas to liquid
• when a molecule in the gas phase comes into contact with something below its boiling point, it will condense into the liquid state
  - ex: cold soda can on a hot summer day