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Intro To India > Concepts > Flashcards

Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

El-Hind, Hodu, Sindhu, Sinda, Indus, India

A
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2
Q

Indo-Gangetic Plain

A
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3
Q

Sanskrit, Indo-European Family

A
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4
Q

Rig Veda

A
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5
Q

Sura / Asura

A
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6
Q

Indra, Agni, Soma

A
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7
Q

Yajvan / Yajamana

A

yajvan: conducts sacrifice
yajamana: pays for sacrifice

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8
Q

shri vs papman

A

good vs darkness

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9
Q

brahminim and kshatriya/rajanaya

A
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10
Q

brahmanas

A

commentary on vedas, science of links, emphasis on knowledge

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11
Q

samhita

A

first order texts

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12
Q

rig veda, samaveda, yajurveda, atharveda

A

hymns for sacrifice / musical accompaniment / ritual offering formulas / magical spells

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13
Q

tapas, sanyasin

A

inner fire,heat,discipline / ascetic with moksha as goal

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14
Q

prana-agnihotra

A

internalization of external sacrifice

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15
Q

karma, samsara, moksha

A
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16
Q

Agivika

A

deterministic sect without belief in karma

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17
Q

Lokaiyata

A

Only empirical exists sect

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18
Q

Mahavira

A

great here, founder of jainism, also known as varhamana (6th BCE)

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19
Q

Shramana

A

one who wanders

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20
Q

ahimsa

A

non-violence

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21
Q

the middle way

A
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22
Q

four noble truths

A
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23
Q

three jewels of Buddhism

A

Buddha, Dharma, Sangha

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24
Q

The pali cannon

A

sutta = lesson; vinaya = rules; abhidarma

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25
Q

Upasaka

A

lay supporters of Buddha, provide for Shramanas

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26
Q

Megasthenas

A

wrote Indica book, ambassador of seleucus empire, visited maurya empire during ____ period

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27
Q

Ashoka and Maurya

A
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28
Q

Alexander the great

A

in india 326/7

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29
Q

Menander / milinda

A
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30
Q

Gandhara art

A
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31
Q

arta Shastra

A
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32
Q

bhratr

A

brother

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33
Q

Yudishthara

A

eldest pandava brother, weakness for dice, son of dharma teacher, married to draupadi, loses kingdom in a best, goes to heaven then to hell, sees brothers suffering - curses dharma (while kauvyas are in heaven)

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34
Q

Arjuna

A

son of madri and indra

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35
Q

Draupadi

A
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36
Q

Vyasa

A

son of satyavi (Daughter of fisherman king) and parashara. Ascetic. has 3 children with brothers wives, bio father of main characters

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37
Q

Krishna

A

mischevous Vishnu avatar, godhavari mt

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38
Q

Valmiki

A

inventory of poetry

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39
Q

sita

A

lakshmana

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40
Q

ravana

A
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41
Q

hanuman

A
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42
Q

itihasa / kavya

A
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43
Q

sutra and shastra

A
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44
Q

for purposes of life

A

kama, artha, dharma, moksha

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45
Q

varnasramadharma

A

social order subordinate to uni order; varnas: brahmin, kshatriya, vaishyas, sudras

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46
Q

ashramas

A

student, househould, forest dweller, renunciate

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47
Q

manu dharmashastra

A

karmas as arresting (supreme good) vs advancing (happiness)

48
Q

six darshanas

A

Samkhya, yoga, nyaya, vaisheshika (7 padarthas compose uni), mimasma (brahmin orthodoxy), brahma sutras (vendanta)

49
Q

10 avatars of vishnu

A

fish, turtle, boar, warrior, rama, krishna, man-lion, dwarf, buddha (jataka), future

50
Q

Govardhana and Krishna

51
Q

Shiva

A

father is brahma

52
Q

samudragupta

A

second gupta, expands empire, confederacy with taxes, inscriptions above ashokas on pillars

53
Q

Fa-Hien

A

chinese traveler to gupta empire

54
Q

Rudradaman

A

from Century asia, ruled in 2nd century, sanskrit as government language

55
Q

Ashvaghosa

A

wrote episodes of buddha’s life in sanskrit (Buddhism turns to Sanskrit); first sanskrit dramatist; 1st-2nd cent; court writer

56
Q

kalidasa

A

court of chandragupta II 4th-5th cent, slave of kali to become wise, married edu princess, originally stupid, raghuvamsa and kumarasambhava

57
Q

mantra and tantra

58
Q

mandala

59
Q

subtle body/ chakras/kandalini

A

kandalini is female entity inside that drinks drops

60
Q

alankara; dhwani; rasa

A

alankara means ornament; dhwani means sound

61
Q

Avhinvagupta

A

950-1016, tantra, kashmir shaivisn, all in shiva, only consciousness = pleasure, externalization of god, 4 levels of lang

62
Q

three kingdoms of south

A

chola, pandaya, churla

63
Q

akam, puram

64
Q

agastya

A

small dwarf sent by indra to make mt stop growing, brouht grammar and sanskrit to S India

65
Q

Tolkapayam

A

Brihadisvara Temple

66
Q

Raja raja cholda in thanjavur

67
Q

Kamban

A

author of ramavataram

68
Q

Sekkilar

A

Kamban contemporaryl composed “Great” purana, 63 bios of shiva followers (Nayanas)

69
Q

James Heitzman

A

on chola temples

70
Q

sundarer

A

bhakti poet, marries temple danncer but marriage cancelled because of shiva

71
Q

palava and chalukya

72
Q

viraha

A

absence of god

73
Q

bhakti’s 7 characteristics

74
Q

Shankara

A

enters body of amara sataka to learn more about the kama sutra

75
Q

Advaita vedanta

76
Q

Ramanuja an Visistadvaita-vedanta

A

Madvha and Dvaitavedanta

77
Q

Bhagavata-purana

A

sanskrit, vishnu, bhakti linked to upanishads

78
Q

Basava

A

Does opposite of Brahmins; left-hand (self-made, jobs that don’t connect to land); vira-Shaivism - violence, monotheism

79
Q

Left-hand community

80
Q

Sthavara and Jangama

A

standing and moving

81
Q

Pari-Purana and Basava-purana

A

basava-purana: cannon of vira-Shaivism

Takes its principles from the pari-purana, which is a collection of important pieces from the cholas (Tamil)

82
Q

Alama-Prabhu

A

comes after Basava, establishes foundation of vira-shaivism, but not as revolutionary (more like a primeminister)

83
Q

Mahadevi-aka

A

left home and walked around with only hair covering body - wrote vacanas

84
Q

Muhammed ibn al Qasim

A

invades Punjab, doesn’t destroy Multan temple

85
Q

Multan

A

Temple that is preserved but a third of revenue goes to Muslims

86
Q

Ahl al-Kitab

A

(of the book) special status of jews and christians in muslim empire

87
Q

Ahal A-Dhimma

A

People with protected status in Muslim Kingdom, expected to pay jizya tax

88
Q

Mahmud of Ghazni

A

1st to call himself a sultan, raided Gujarat

89
Q

Al-Bironi

A

Wrote treatise on Indian History in court of Mahmoud of Ghazni

90
Q

Mo’in al-Din Chishti

A

early sufi, his grave become an important sufi center

91
Q

Battle of Tarain

92
Q

Ala Udin Khilji

A

Raids interior of India and innovates management of empire

93
Q

Malek Kafur

A

represents new elite hindu body guard warrior, during reign of Alauddin Khaulji

94
Q

Amir Khusro

A

disciple of Nizam

95
Q

Nizamuddin

A

disciple of Chisti, delhi center, connection between sufi and sultan begins

96
Q

Muhammad Ibn Tughluq

A

Builds 2nd capitol in Daulatabad to manage southern empire, but is very weak. Weakened further by mongol invasion

97
Q

Matham

A

education and spiritual institution found in many strands of Hinduism in Vijanagara emire, played a role in crowning kings, and in spiritual debates

98
Q

The Sangma brothers

A

consolidated Vijanagara state, and renamed the city: “City of victory”

99
Q

Krishna Deva Raya

A

king of vijanagara at peak, Shaivism to Vaishnavism

100
Q

Gisu Daraz

A

Returns south and becomes Sufi of Gulbarga (Bahmani kingdom) at invitation of Firaz Shah

101
Q

Firaz Shah

A

king during Darez’s life

102
Q

Ibrahim Adel Shah II

A

Bijaypur, post Vijanagara state - renames the city: “City of wisdom”; tantra and sufism flourishes

103
Q

Akbar

104
Q

Faizi

A

indo-muslim poetry and akbar ambassador

105
Q

abu al fazel

A

akbar historian

106
Q

fatehpur sikri

A

akbar founds this as capital near Aka - uses Indo-persian architecture

107
Q

Mansabar

A

military rank in Akbar’s army…?

108
Q

Din-i Ilahi

A

Sufi Sect / syncretic religion under Akbar

109
Q

Tudar Mal

A

general under Akbar, managed administrative state

110
Q

Dara Shikoh

111
Q

Mukti Mandapam

A

Hall in Banaras Temple where all the Brahmin elite sat to judge religious issues of families that migrated to Banaras from around the region

112
Q

Aurangzeb

113
Q

Shivaji

A

Carved Maratha kingdom out of Bijapur sultanate and fought guerilla warfare against mughals. Takes mughal attention away from consolidating empire

114
Q

Shah Jalal Mujarrad

A

Sufi that spreads Islam to Bengal; Ibn Battuta comes to meet him

115
Q

Bahr al-Hayat

A

Persian book of yoga - presenting it as equivalent to Sufism

Intro To India (1 decks)

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