Concepts

Question 1

Overt prestige

Answer 1

Associated with standard varieties of language.

Question 2

Covert prestige

Answer 2

Language that signals solidarity + in-group membership (eg. slang to a peer group).

Question 3

Overt norms

Answer 3

Explicitly records rules, play a role in maintaining social harmony + unity, predictability + cooperation.

Question 4

Covert norms

Answer 4

Unspoken rules + expectations that guide interactions + behaviour in society, or within smaller groups (eg. paralinguistic features).

Question 5

Prescriptivism

Answer 5

Relates to the idea that there is a particular form of language that is superior to others (involves adhering to rules + standards, describing grammar as correct/incorrect).

Question 6

Descriptivism

Answer 6

Relates to observing + recording how language is used in an objective manner, aims to avoid judgement + remain impartial.