concepts Flashcards
Analytic judgements
analytic judgements are those in which the predicate is contained within the subject, and the truth can be derived by analyzing the meaning of the terms
Synthetic judgements
those in which the predicate adds something to the subject and cannot be derived merely by analyzing the meaning of the terms
Appearance
According to Kant, appearances are the way in which objects are given to us through our senses, appearances are not the same as things in themselves
Apperception
Apperception is the process of becoming self-aware, it is the ability to reflect on one’s own thoughts and experiences
A priori knowledge
A priori knowledge is knowledge that is independent of experience
A posteriori knowledge
A posteriori knowledge is knowledge that is dependent on experience
Categories
Categories are the fundamental concepts or concepts of the understanding that are necessary for the organization and interpretation of sensory information
Categorical imperative
The categorical imperative is the principle that one should always act in such a way that the maxim of one’s action could become an universal law
Character
character refers to the stable and enduring aspects of a person’s personality
Cognition
Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge, including perception, reasoning and judgement
Concept
A concept is a mental representation of a category or idea
Critical philosophy
Critical philosophy is the approach to philosophy that seeks to understand the limits of human knowledge and the conditions under which knowledge is possible
Duty
Duty refers to the moral obligation to act in a certain way
Empirical knowledge
Empirical knowledge is knowledge that is derived from sensory experience.
Pure knowledge
Pure knowledge is knowledge that is independent of experience.
Freedom
Freedom is the ability to act according to one’s own will
Idealism
idealism is the philosophical view that reality is fundamentally mental or spiritual in nature, transcendental idealism is the view that the mind actively constructs reality through the use of categories
Ideas of understanding
Ideas of understanding are concepts that are necessary for organizing sensory information.
Ideas of reason
Ideas of reason are concepts that are necessary for understanding the nature of reality.
Imagination
Imagination is the mental faculty that allows us to form mental images and concepts
Intuition
Intuition is the mental process of immediately grasping something without the need for conscious reasoning
Judgements of experience
Judgements of experience are judgements that are based on sensory experience
Judgements of perception
Judgements of perception are judgements that are based on the immediate experience of a sensation
Laws of nature
Laws of nature are the regularities or patterns that govern the behaviour of natural phenomena
Manifold of representation
The manifold of representation is the collection of all sensory information that we receive from the external world
maxim
A maxim is a principle or rule of conduct that a person follows
Metaphysics
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that investigates the fundamental nature of reality
Objectivity
Objectivity refers to the quality of being free from bias or personal experience
Reason
Reason is the mental faculty that allows us to make judgements and draw conclusions based on logic
self-conciousness
Self-conciousness is the awareness of one’s own existence and the ability to reflect on one’s own thoughts and experiences
Sense (inner & outer)
Kant distinguished between the inner sense (sense of one’s own mental states) and the outer sense (sense of the external world)
Sensibility
Sensibility refers to the capacity to receive sensory information through the senses
Space
Space is the subjective framework within which we perceive the external world
Subject (self, the I)
The subject is the conscious agent that experiences and interacts with the world
Syllogism
Syllogism is a deductive argument that consists of two premises and a conclusion
Categorical syllogism
One in which the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises
Hypothetical syllogism
one in which the conclusion follows conditionally from the premises
Disjunctive syllogism
one in which the conclusion follows from a set of alternatives
Synthesis
Synthesis is the process by which sensory information is combined and organized into coherent perceptions
Temperament
Temperament refers to a person’s characteristic emotional and behavioral tendencies
Time
Time is the subjective framework within which we experience events and perceive changes
Things in themselves
Things in themselves are the objects of the external world that exists independently of our perception and understanding of them
Understanding
Understanding is the mental faculty that allows us to form concepts and make judgements about the external world
Unity of consciousness, objective
Unity of consciousness refers to the fact that our experience of the world is unified and coherent, despite being composed of a manifold of sensory information
Unity of consciousness, subjective
Unity is subjective in the sense that it its a product of our own mental processes, but it is also objective in the sense that it reflects the underlying structure of the external world
Will (good)
The good will is the will that acts in accordance with the moral law and the categorical imperative, regardless of personal desires or interests
