Concepts Flashcards
1
Q
Aperture
A
- Controlled in F-Stops
- Smaller F-Stop = bigger hole
- Smaller F-Stop = Shallow Depth of Field
- Bigger F-Stop - Deep Depth Of Field
2
Q
Shutter Speed
A
- Mesured in seconds
- Controls how long the shutter is open
- The longer, the more light gets in
- At about 1/60s motion blur starts occuring without a tripod
- Long exposure can capture motion
- Short exposures freeze subject in time
3
Q
ISO
A
- Controls the cameras sensitivity to light
- Lower ISO = lower sensitivity
4
Q
Auto-Bracketing
A
- When you take multiple photos of a scene at different exposures
- Can be used to ensure correct exposure or to get dynamic range on cameras that dont have it
5
Q
Cable Release & Remote Shutter Release
A
- This stops you having to push the shutter button on your camera so that there will be no camera shake from you opening the shutter
- Good for long exposures wheret there will or can be motion blur
6
Q
Composition
A
- Angle/View Points
- Symmetry
- Asymmetry
- Positive and Negative Space
- Rule of Thirds
- Leading Lines
- Shapes
- Patterns/Repetition/Rhythm
- Shape of Frame
- Minimal Compositions
- Busy/ Chaotic Compositions
- Frame Within a Frame
- Colour
- Triangular Formations
- Groupings
- Focal Point
7
Q
Exposure/Exposure Value
A
- Exposure is a combination of ISO, shutter speed and aperture
- Over-Exposed = Too much light
- Under-Exposed = Not enough light
8
Q
Flash
A
- Internal flashes are built into the camera
- External flashes are accessories that you can attatch to your camera
- The flash gives more light if there isnt enough by flashing as the shutter is open
- Flashes usually give a harsh light which can flush out your images and can also cause red eye in photos
9
Q
Focussing Mode
A
- Lets the user decide where the camera will focus
- You can also use manual focus to dial it in yourself to get it just right
10
Q
Histograms
A
- A graphical representation of the tonal values of your image
- 0% is black up to 100% which is white
11
Q
Incident and Reflected Light
A
- Incident light is the light that falls on a subject
- Reflected light is light that reflects off the subject
12
Q
Lens Hood
A
- The primary use for a lens hood is to prevent light from hitting the front lens element from the sides
- A secondary use for a lens hood is to protect the lens
13
Q
Wide-Angle Lens
A
- Wide angle lenses are the popular choice for landscapes, interiors, large group photos and when working in confined situations.
14
Q
Standard Lens
A
- Standard lenses are popular as they are closest to the angle of view we humans see. These lenses have minimal distortion, which can be flattering to the subject
-They tend to use large apertures and allow a lot of light to enter the lens which makes them fast in low light conditions
15
Q
Telephoto Lens
A
- They allow the photographer to produce close crops on the subject
- In the case of portraiture a telephoto allows the photographer to take the photo at a distance that does not intrude upon the subject
16
Q
Super Telephoto Lens
A
- These lenses provide a good range for sports and wildlife photography where the photographer is limited as to how close they can get to the subject
17
Q
Macro Lens
A
- These lenses allow the photographer to focus very close to the subject and reproduce them at a 1:1 life-size ratio on film or an imaging sensor
- These lenses are popular for subjects such as flowers, insects and small products
18
Q
Light Metres
A
- The metre will read the lighting concitions and tell you what ISO, shutter speed and aperture to use to ensure correct exposure
19
Q
Panning
A
- When you mode the camera with the subject, keeping them in focus but having the background blurry creating a sense of motion
20
Q
Mode Dial
A
- The dial used to select what camera mode you use
21
Q
Auto (Mode)
A
- Chooses all of the camera settings for you which they think is best for your current lighting conditions
22
Q
Portrait (Mode)
A
- The aperture is set relatively wide, this lets the photographer focus on the subject while adding a slight blur to the background. Uses a slightly softer focus and warmer colour balance
23
Q
Landscape (Mode)
A
- The aperture is closed down in order to keep as much of the scene in focus as possible, sometimes referred to as setting the focus to infinity
24
Q
Macro (Mode)
A
- The aperture is opened as wide as possible. This decreases the depth of field allowing the photographer to focus selectively on the subject close up
25
Q
Sports (Mode)
A
- The camera sets a fast shutter speed. The aperture is opened wide and a high ISO is selected
26
Q
Night Portrait (Mode)
A
- This is the same as portrait except is set up for low light conditions. It uses a slower shutter speed and uses the built in flash. It also sets a higher ISO and opens the aperture
27
Q
Manual (Mode)
A
- You select all the camera settings
28
Q
AV - Aperture Priority (Mode)
A
- You set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed
29
Q
TV - Shutter Priority (Mode)
A
- You set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture
30
Q
Polarising Filter
A
- A colour filter for your lens that you can rotate to block out light from a specific direction
- This can boost colour contrast and saturation, thus making dull objects appear more vivid
- By reducing overall exposure, the photographer can darken an image, adding intensity and clarity to a scene
- A polarising filter reduces glare and reflections on non-metallic surfaces, such as water or rocks, or when shooting through glass
- It can also remove shine on foliage and make water appear transparent
31
Q
Neutral Density (ND) Filter
A
- This transparent filter reduces light exposure entering your camera lens
- This allows you to shoot using wider apertures and longer exposures, without overexposing an image in bright conditions
- You can control how much light you want to block from your camera lens with different filter strengths or densities
- Filter strengths are represented by f-stops
32
Q
Reflectors
A
- Reflectors, naturally, reflect light onto your subject
33
Q
Diffusers
A
- A diffuser is a large piece of translucent material that you place between the light and the subject to spread the light and make it softer
- Diffusers soften the light and reduces anyglare and harsh shadows
- They eradicatecontrast, and even out tones inan image- This is particularly helpful when photographing flowers or fruits
34
Q
Diffusers
A
- A diffuser is a large piece of translucent material that you place between the light and the subject to spread the light and make it softer
- Diffusers soften the light and reduces anyglare and harsh shadows
- They eradicatecontrast, and even out tones inan image- This is particularly helpful when photographing flowers or fruits
35
Q
Zooming
A
- When you zoom and take the photo creating a sense of movement within the photo
36
Q
White Balance
A
- Different white balance settings help correct white balance for your photos depending on the lighting
- They make sure you get the right or most realistic colours for your photos
- You can use them for creative use too
