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Higher Photography > Concepts > Flashcards

Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Aperture

A
  • Controlled in F-Stops
  • Smaller F-Stop = bigger hole
  • Smaller F-Stop = Shallow Depth of Field
  • Bigger F-Stop - Deep Depth Of Field
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2
Q

Shutter Speed

A
  • Mesured in seconds
  • Controls how long the shutter is open
  • The longer, the more light gets in
  • At about 1/60s motion blur starts occuring without a tripod
  • Long exposure can capture motion
  • Short exposures freeze subject in time
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3
Q

ISO

A
  • Controls the cameras sensitivity to light
  • Lower ISO = lower sensitivity
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4
Q

Auto-Bracketing

A
  • When you take multiple photos of a scene at different exposures
  • Can be used to ensure correct exposure or to get dynamic range on cameras that dont have it
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5
Q

Cable Release & Remote Shutter Release

A
  • This stops you having to push the shutter button on your camera so that there will be no camera shake from you opening the shutter
  • Good for long exposures wheret there will or can be motion blur
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6
Q

Composition

A
  • Angle/View Points
  • Symmetry
  • Asymmetry
  • Positive and Negative Space
  • Rule of Thirds
  • Leading Lines
  • Shapes
  • Patterns/Repetition/Rhythm
  • Shape of Frame
  • Minimal Compositions
  • Busy/ Chaotic Compositions
  • Frame Within a Frame
  • Colour
  • Triangular Formations
  • Groupings
  • Focal Point
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7
Q

Exposure/Exposure Value

A
  • Exposure is a combination of ISO, shutter speed and aperture
  • Over-Exposed = Too much light
  • Under-Exposed = Not enough light
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8
Q

Flash

A
  • Internal flashes are built into the camera
  • External flashes are accessories that you can attatch to your camera
  • The flash gives more light if there isnt enough by flashing as the shutter is open
  • Flashes usually give a harsh light which can flush out your images and can also cause red eye in photos
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9
Q

Focussing Mode

A
  • Lets the user decide where the camera will focus
  • You can also use manual focus to dial it in yourself to get it just right
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10
Q

Histograms

A
  • A graphical representation of the tonal values of your image
  • 0% is black up to 100% which is white
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11
Q

Incident and Reflected Light

A
  • Incident light is the light that falls on a subject
  • Reflected light is light that reflects off the subject
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12
Q

Lens Hood

A
  • The primary use for a lens hood is to prevent light from hitting the front lens element from the sides
  • A secondary use for a lens hood is to protect the lens
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13
Q

Wide-Angle Lens

A
  • Wide angle lenses are the popular choice for landscapes, interiors, large group photos and when working in confined situations.
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14
Q

Standard Lens

A
  • Standard lenses are popular as they are closest to the angle of view we humans see. These lenses have minimal distortion, which can be flattering to the subject
    -They tend to use large apertures and allow a lot of light to enter the lens which makes them fast in low light conditions
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15
Q

Telephoto Lens

A
  • They allow the photographer to produce close crops on the subject
  • In the case of portraiture a telephoto allows the photographer to take the photo at a distance that does not intrude upon the subject
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16
Q

Super Telephoto Lens

A
  • These lenses provide a good range for sports and wildlife photography where the photographer is limited as to how close they can get to the subject
17
Q

Macro Lens

A
  • These lenses allow the photographer to focus very close to the subject and reproduce them at a 1:1 life-size ratio on film or an imaging sensor
  • These lenses are popular for subjects such as flowers, insects and small products
18
Q

Light Metres

A
  • The metre will read the lighting concitions and tell you what ISO, shutter speed and aperture to use to ensure correct exposure
19
Q

Panning

A
  • When you mode the camera with the subject, keeping them in focus but having the background blurry creating a sense of motion
20
Q

Mode Dial

A
  • The dial used to select what camera mode you use
21
Q

Auto (Mode)

A
  • Chooses all of the camera settings for you which they think is best for your current lighting conditions
22
Q

Portrait (Mode)

A
  • The aperture is set relatively wide, this lets the photographer focus on the subject while adding a slight blur to the background. Uses a slightly softer focus and warmer colour balance
23
Q

Landscape (Mode)

A
  • The aperture is closed down in order to keep as much of the scene in focus as possible, sometimes referred to as setting the focus to infinity
24
Q

Macro (Mode)

A
  • The aperture is opened as wide as possible. This decreases the depth of field allowing the photographer to focus selectively on the subject close up
25
Q

Sports (Mode)

A
  • The camera sets a fast shutter speed. The aperture is opened wide and a high ISO is selected
26
Q

Night Portrait (Mode)

A
  • This is the same as portrait except is set up for low light conditions. It uses a slower shutter speed and uses the built in flash. It also sets a higher ISO and opens the aperture
27
Q

Manual (Mode)

A
  • You select all the camera settings
28
Q

AV - Aperture Priority (Mode)

A
  • You set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed
29
Q

TV - Shutter Priority (Mode)

A
  • You set the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture
30
Q

Polarising Filter

A
  • A colour filter for your lens that you can rotate to block out light from a specific direction
  • This can boost colour contrast and saturation, thus making dull objects appear more vivid
  • By reducing overall exposure, the photographer can darken an image, adding intensity and clarity to a scene
  • A polarising filter reduces glare and reflections on non-metallic surfaces, such as water or rocks, or when shooting through glass
  • It can also remove shine on foliage and make water appear transparent
31
Q

Neutral Density (ND) Filter

A
  • This transparent filter reduces light exposure entering your camera lens
  • This allows you to shoot using wider apertures and longer exposures, without overexposing an image in bright conditions
  • You can control how much light you want to block from your camera lens with different filter strengths or densities
  • Filter strengths are represented by f-stops
32
Q

Reflectors

A
  • Reflectors, naturally, reflect light onto your subject
33
Q

Diffusers

A
  • A diffuser is a large piece of translucent material that you place between the light and the subject to spread the light and make it softer
  • Diffusers soften the light and reduces anyglare and harsh shadows
  • They eradicatecontrast, and even out tones inan image- This is particularly helpful when photographing flowers or fruits
34
Q

Diffusers

A
  • A diffuser is a large piece of translucent material that you place between the light and the subject to spread the light and make it softer
  • Diffusers soften the light and reduces anyglare and harsh shadows
  • They eradicatecontrast, and even out tones inan image- This is particularly helpful when photographing flowers or fruits
35
Q

Zooming

A
  • When you zoom and take the photo creating a sense of movement within the photo
36
Q

White Balance

A
  • Different white balance settings help correct white balance for your photos depending on the lighting
  • They make sure you get the right or most realistic colours for your photos
  • You can use them for creative use too

Higher Photography (1 decks)

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