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Simulacros > Conceptos MIR/SIMULACROS > Flashcards

Conceptos MIR/SIMULACROS Flashcards

1
Q

FARMACOS INTERACCION BAV:

A
  1. Betabloqueantes
  2. Digoxina
  3. Verapamil
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2
Q

ESPONDILITIS ANQUILOPOYETICA

Tratamiento:

A

AINES
Fisioterapia
ADALIMUMAB

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3
Q

RAYNAUD

Contraindicacion:

A

Betabloqueantes (Atenolol)

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4
Q

DERMATOMIOSITIS

Pruebas complementarias:

A

TAC
Exploracion ginecologica
ANA
EMG

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5
Q

ADENOCARCINOMA
OVARIO
TTRATAMIENTO

A

Cirugia citorreductora
Quimioterapia c/ taxol-
carboplatino

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6
Q

Degeneracion Macular asociada a edad

Estudio confirmación:

A

Angiofluoresceingrafia

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7
Q

POLICITEMIA VERA

A 
EPO baja
Esplenomegalia
Prurito acuogeno
Saturacion >92%
Relation mutation JAK 2
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8
Q

Fibrosis Quistica

Herencia

A

A.R.

Ambos padres portadores- Transmisión 25%

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9
Q

GAMAGLOBULINAS iv. Indicaciones

A 
Inmunodeficiencia humoral,
Kawasaki
Guillan Barre
Esclerosis Multiple
PTI
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10
Q

CITOQUINAS ANTINFLAMATORIAS

A

IL 10

TGF beta

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11
Q

Reactivación CMV latente en inmunoderprimindo dx:

A

PCR cuantitativa sangre

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12
Q

CARCINOMA DE PANCREAS

A 
Esplenomegalia
Depression
Tromboflebitis migratoria
Trombosis venosa
Hemorragia digestiva (Varices- x compresión sistema venoso portal)
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13
Q

TRIADA DE SAINT

A

Diverticulosis colonica
Colelitiasis
Hernia de Hiato

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14
Q

GITELMAN

A 
HIPOPOtasemia
Alcalosis metabolica
Perdida de sal
Aumento [renina y angiotensina]
P.A. normal
HIPOmagnesemia
HIPOcalciuria
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15
Q

ENFERMEDAD DE PAGET

A

Aumento Fosfatasa Alcalina*
Aumento Hidroxiprolina (sangre y orina)*
Aumento diametro cráneo
*Marcadores reabsorción/formacion ósea

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16
Q

NEVUS de OTA

A

Mancha mecánica territorio 1ª y 2ª rama Nerv. Trigemino (V)
Afectacion ocular
Acumulo melanocitos

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17
Q

SD PERINAUD

A
  • Lesion commisura posterior
  • Perdida de convergencia- retracción mirada hacia arriba
  • Seudo paralisis nervio motor ocular externo
  • Disociacion repuesta pupilar
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18
Q

FRACTURA FOSA CRANEAL ANTERIOR

A

Equimosis periorbitaria
Rinolicuorrea
Epistaxis
Lesion nervios ópticos/olfactor

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19
Q

FRACTURA FOSA CRANEAL MEDIA

A

Equimosis mastoides (BATTLE)
Otorragia
Otolicuorrea

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20
Q

FRACTURA FOSA CRANEAL POSTERIOR

A 
Lesion pares craneales bajos:
IX
X
XI
XII
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21
Q

FACTORES DE RIESGO

CANCER DE CERVIX

A 
HPV
Corticoides, Transplante, HIV (Inmunodepre.)
Tabaco
Multiparidad
Anticonceptivos orales
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22
Q

TRATAMIENTO

COMA HIPEROSMOLAR

A

1º Liquidos iv

2ºInsulina

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23
Q

SD BUDD CHIARI:

A

Trombosis de venas suprahepaticas

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24
Q

TACROLIMUS

contraindicado con:

A

Macrolidos

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25
Q

HIPOVOLEMIA

LEVE

A

PAS> 100 mmHg
FC < 100 ppm
discreta vasoconstricción periférica
Perdida estimada hasta 10%

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26
Q

HIPOVOLEMIA MODERADA

A

PAS < 100 mmHg
FC >100lpm
Perdida estimada 10-25%

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27
Q

HIPOVOLEMIA GRAVE

A 
PAS < 100mmHg
FC > 100 lpm
Signos hipoperfusion periferica 
Anuria
Perdida del 25-35%
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28
Q

HIPERPLASIA NODULAR FOCAL HEPATICA

histologia

A

Hepatocitos
Conductos biliares
Cels hepaticas

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29
Q

ANTI-TNF

Pruebas previas necesarias

A

Tuberculina
Rx Torax
Serologias VIH VHB

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30
Q

APOPLEJIA HIPOFISARIA POR ADENOMA clinica/tto

A

Deterioro visual progresivo
Pérdida de conocimiento=
Sx URGENTE

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31
Q

ERROR TIPO I

A

Aceptar diferencias cuando no existen

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32
Q

MEN I

A

Hiperparatiroidisimo (tumor paratiroides)
Tumor hipofisario
Tumor pancreatico

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33
Q

HIPERCALCEMIA HIPERCALCIURICA FAMILIAR dx:

A

Joven asintomático

Cociente calcio/creatinina en orina

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34
Q

HIPERCORTISOLISMO ENDOGENO

tto:

A

KETOCONAZOL

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35
Q

SIFILIS SECUNDARIA

TTO

A

Penicilina Benzatina 2.4MU IM

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36
Q

DENGUE

clinica:

A 
Fiebre
Cefalea
Artromialgias (Fiebre quebrantahuesos)
Exantema
Epistaxis
Petquias
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37
Q

DENGUE
etiologia
transmisión

A

FLAVIVIRUS

Mosquito AEDES AEGYPTI

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38
Q

TB resistente a RIFAMPICINA

Tto

A 
Isoniacida
Etambutol
Pirazinamida
Quinolona
(18 meses)
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39
Q 
MONONUCLEOSIS INFECCIOSA (Sd Hemofagocitico)
dx y tto
A

Dx: Biopsia aspirado Medula Osea
Tto: Inmunosupresores
Transplante Progenit Hematopoyeticos

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40
Q

Rechazo transplante Renal agudo

A

Infiltrados linf. T en intersticio renal y tubulos renales

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41
Q

CARCINOMA TESTICULAR

A

Mtx pulmonares: Suelta de globos

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42
Q

SD EVANS

A

Anemia Hemolitica inmune
+
Trombopenia autoinmune

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43
Q

Causa + frecuente de

HEMOPTISIS LEVE/MODERADA

A

Bronquiectasias

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44
Q

Céfalea trigemino autonomica
HEMICRANEAL PAROXISTICA
tto

A

INDOMETACINA

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45
Q

Trastornos NO motores

Enf PARKINSON

A 
Anosmia
Perturbaciones sensitivas (dolor)
Trast. animo (Depresion)
Pert. sueño
Hipotension ortostatica
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46
Q

Enf. de ALZHEIMER

tto

A

Inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa

Donezepilo, Rivastigmina

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47
Q

Lesion Neurona Motora Inferior

A

Paralisis
Amiotrofia
Fasciculaciones
Arreflexia

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48
Q

ARTERITIS DE LA TEMPORAL

tto:

A

Metotrexate

49
Q

Fractura Diáfisis del Humero

Clinica:

A

Imposibilidad flexión dorsal de la mano

Lesion nervio radial

50
Q

Fiebre PEL-EBSTEIN

A

Enf. de Hodgkin

51
Q

Complejo

RIBOSOMICO LAMELAR

A

Tricoleucemia (mutación V600 E gen BRAF)

52
Q

GAINSBOCK

A

falsa poliglobulia/ poliglobulia relativa-

descenso volemico real

53
Q

Fármacos que causan

diatesis vasculopatica:

A

Corticoides

54
Q

GAMAPATIA MONOCLONAL IDIOPATICA

A
  • Componente M < 30 g/L.
  • Plasmocitosis medular < 10%
  • Ausencia de lesiones osteolíticas.
  • Función renal normal.
  • Cifra de hemoglobina normal.
  • Tasa de inmunoglobulinas policlonales normal.
  • Ausencia de síntomas atribuibles a gammapatíamonoclonal.
55
Q

TRICOLEUCEMIA tío:

A

CLADRIBINA

56
Q

TROMBASTENIA DE GLANZMANN

A

defecto agregación planetaria
Hemorragias graves primera infancia
Deficiencia glucoproteinas IIb y IIIa de membrana.
Tiempo de sangra prolongado

57
Q

Efectos secundarios QT ADRIAMICINA

DAUNORUBICINA

A

Miocarditis tóxica

Insuficiencia cardiaca grave

58
Q

Reseccion gástrica

A

Deficit B12

59
Q

Estertores agónicos post mortem

Tto.

A

Anticolinergicos Escopolamina

60
Q

Intoxicación por Anticolinergicos

tto.

A

Carbon activado

Medidas de soporte

61
Q

Hipertermia

A

Cerebelo especialmente sensible

62
Q

Sarampion clínica:

A

Fiebre
Manchas de Koplik
Exantema cutáneo

63
Q

Hemoptisis intravascular

A

Hemoglobina plasmatica
Hemopexina
Methemalbumina

64
Q

Anemia de Cooley examen morfológico sangre:

A 
Anisopoiquilocitosis eritrocitaria
Hipocroma
Punteado basófilo
Dianocitos
Eritroblastos
65
Q

Signo de Uhthoff

A

Empeoramiento por calor

66
Q

Endocarditis sobre válvula nativa ato:

A

Ampicilina + Gentamicina

67
Q

Endocarditis sobre válvula protésica

tto

A

Rifampicina
Vancomicina
Gentamicina

68
Q

Enfermedad de Whipple tto:

A

TMP- SFM

refractarios: cloranfenicol

69
Q

TRICOLEUCEMIA

A

Pancitopenia
Esplenomegalia
Linfocitos Tartrato-Resistentes

70
Q

Neumonía por Klebsiella
Rx:
Tto:

A

Abombamiento de cisuras

Cefalosporinas 4ª generacion

71
Q

GMN c/ HIPOCOMPLEMENTEMIA

A

Postestrptococica
Postinfecciosa
Lúpica
Membranoproliferativa

72
Q

Celiquia predispone

A

Tumor de esófago

73
Q

Factores de Riesgo

Colangiocarcinoma

A

Inf. Clonorchis sinensis (asiáticos)
Colangitis esclerosan primaria
Enf. Caroli
Coledocolitiasis

74
Q

ADVP inf:

A

Endocarditis Tricuspidea

S. Aureus

75
Q

Neumonia Broncoaspiratoria

A

SD MENDELSON

76
Q

SHOCK NEUROGENICO

A

Hipotension
Mala perfusión periférico
Bradicardia

77
Q

SD COTARD

A

Ideas deliroides de culpa
ruina
hipocondria

78
Q

TEP c/ insuficiencia renal

A

Contraindicada: ANGIO TC
eleccion: Gammagrafia V/Q

79
Q

Tratamiento intoxicacion anest. local

A

Intralipid

80
Q

Lupus vulgar

A

Afectacion cutanea de la Tuberculosis

81
Q

Carcinoma de Cavum

A

adulto otitis unilateral

afectacion pares creaneales

82
Q

VHS

A

VHS 1-Encefalitis

VHS 2-Meningitis

83
Q

Fármaco que desencadena porfirias

A

Barbituricos

84
Q

LLC

A

Linfocitosis

Adenopatias

85
Q

LMC

A

leucocitosis

Esplenomegalia

86
Q

Leucemia Linf. T

A

Adenopatia
Hepatoesplenomegalia
Dermis

87
Q

TROMBOPENIA

AUTOINMUNE (PTI)

A

Plaquetas bajas
aumento megacariocitos
resto normal

88
Q

DDVAP (desmopresina)

A

indicado: Von Willebrand (Tipo I)- no se libera FvW

Contraindicada: IIB y pseudoVW

89
Q

Artritis erosiva:

A

Artritis reumatoide
Psoriasis
Reiter
Borrelia

(Borrelia arranco unas risas en Soria)

90
Q

BARTTER

A

(FUROSEMIDA):
hipocalcemia
alcalosis hipoK

Tto: Indometacina
IECAS

91
Q

GITELMAN

A 
(Tiazidas)
Hipomagnes
Hipercalcemia
alcalosis Hipok
Tto: ahorradores de potasio
92
Q

AVAC

A

COSTE-UTILIDAD

93
Q

Parálisis Facial (Sin afectacion de la frente)- Local. lesion

A

Paralisis supreanuclear

parte inferior de la cara- lado contrario

94
Q

Tto Episodio maniaco:

A

Acido Valproico
Carbonato de litio
Risperidona
olanzapina

95
Q

Principal causa de muerte Beta talasemia

A

Insuficiencia cardiaca

Arritmias or deposito de hierro

96
Q

LLC marcadores

A

CD19

CD 5

97
Q

FIEBRE BOTONOSA

Clinica

A

Fiebre
Cefalea
Mancha negra

98
Q

Fiebre Botonosa
Etiologia
Tto.

A

Etiologia: Ricketesia Conorii
Tto: Doxiciclina

99
Q

Meningitis trauma craneal abierto

A

Stre. pneumoniae

100
Q

TUMOR GIST
(c-kit +)
Tto.

A

Imatinib

101
Q

Luxación posterior hombreo:

A

Brazo en adduccion
Rotacion Interna
Bloqueo rotacion externa

102
Q

Toxoplasmosis tto:

A

Sulfadiacina - pirimetamina.

103
Q

Fiebre Q tto:

A

Tetraciclinas

104
Q

Tto Legionelosis

A

Clásico: Eritromicina

Novedad: LEVOFLOXACINO

105
Q

Etiologia meningitis trauma craneal abierto

A

Strep. pneumoniae

106
Q

Sd Mononucleosido producido por:

A

VIH
Toxoplasma gondii
VEB
CMV

107
Q

Ausencia de onda “a”

A

Fibrilacion auricular

108
Q

Retinitis por CMV en SIDA

A

tto: Ganciclovir o foscarnet

109
Q

Antagonista opiaceo

A

Naloxona IV

110
Q

INTOX por BZD:

A

FLUMACENILO iv

111
Q

SSRI

A 
PAROXETINA
CITALOPRAM
ESCITALOPRAM
FLUOXETINA
SERTRALINA
FLUVOXAMINA
112
Q

SD SEROTONINERGICO

A 
Diarrea
Temblores
Hiercinesia
Hiperreflexia
Tto: BZD y antag de 5HT
113
Q

SD Neuroleptico maligno

A 
Alta mortalidad
Fiebre
Rigidez extrema
leucocitosis
Elevacion CK
Tto: Bromocriptina
Dantrolene
TEC
114
Q

Sd MÜNCHAUSEN/ Trastorno facticio

A

Fingimiento signos o sintomas. Asumir rol de enfermo

115
Q

Sd Ganser

A

Trastorno disociativo atipico. responder a preguntas de manera llamativa, sin sentido.

116
Q

Sd Cotard

A

Delierio de haber muerto o perdida de propios organos

117
Q

Demencias Corticales

A

Alzheimer: fronto temporal
Pick: fronto temporal

118
Q

Demencias SUBCORTICALES

A 
Cuerpos de Lewy
D. Vascular
Hidrocefalia normotensiva
Demencia SIDA
Esclerosis multiple
Wilson

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