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NSG 432 - OB > Conception & Fetal Development > Flashcards

Conception & Fetal Development Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic cells determines

A

physical characteristics

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2
Q

somatic cells

A

Þ 46 chromosomes; 23 pairs (23 from mom, 23 from dad)

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3
Q

Genotype

A

genetic makeup of an organism (makeup of an individuals that is made up of genes from generations (passed down to different generations))

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4
Q

Phenotype

A

observable expression of gene (physical characteristics of an organism)

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5
Q

dominant

A

Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.

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6
Q

Recessive

A

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present (need two copies of allele to be present for it to be expressed)

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7
Q

Monosomy

A

instead of 46 pairs, the baby has 45 pairs

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8
Q

Trisomy

A

47 pairs (one extra pair of chromosomes)

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9
Q

multi-factoral disorder

A

2 distinguished form of defects
o EX: spina bifida and heart defect

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10
Q

Turner Syndrome

A

A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.

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11
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY.

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12
Q

gamete

A

specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction

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13
Q

Ovulation

A

The process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month

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14
Q

when does conception occur?

A

when Ovum (egg) and sperm become united

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15
Q

A membrane encloses the fertilized egg and sperm, the membrane is called

A

zona reaction

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16
Q

Fertilization takes place in

A

ampulla of fertilized tube then it goes to uterus

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17
Q

implantation occurs

A

in 6-10 days after conception this happens (this can cause bleeding/spotting)

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18
Q

decidua

A

the thick layer of modified mucous membrane that lines the uterus during pregnancy and is shed with the afterbirth.

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19
Q

ovum from

A

conception to dAy 14

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20
Q

when is it considered an embryo

A

Þ day 15 to 8 weeks after conception

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21
Q

After 8 weeks, the embryo becomes a

A

fetus

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22
Q

what is the most crutial part of development

A

8 weeks

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23
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

production of sperm

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24
Q

Oogenesis

A

Egg production

25
Q

amniotic fluid

A

derived from fluid by diffusion from maternal blood at first then at 11 weeks the baby urinates to increase amniotic fluid

26
Q

yolk sac

A

The yolk sac is an extra-embryonic membrane that provides food for the embryo.

27
Q

umbilical cord

A

a tube containing the blood vessels connecting the fetus and placenta

28
Q

oligohydramnios

A

too little amniotic fluid (<300mL)

29
Q

Polyhydraminos

A

excessive amniotic fluid >1500mL

30
Q

Functions of amniotic fluid

A

maintain baby body temperature, provided oral fluids, place wastes, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, free movement and cushion fetus from trauma, and acts as a barrier to infection, allows to help lung maturity

31
Q

how many vessels are in the umbilical cord

A

3 VESSELS: 2 ARTERIES; 1 VEIN

32
Q

the umbilical cord is surrounded by

A

Þ Wharton’s jelly (protects the 2 arteries and one vein)
Þ Twists spirally

33
Q

true knot

A

baby movement can form a knot and baby could die

34
Q

uchal cord

A

Umbilical cord around the fetal neck.

35
Q

when is the placenta made

A

on implementation (6-10 days after conception)

36
Q

functions of the placenta

A

hormone and enzyme production, nutrient and gas exchange, remove waste from fetus

37
Q

Three shunts in fetal circulation

A

ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus

38
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

moves blood from pulmonary artery to aorta
o Closes within 24 hours of birth

39
Q

ductus venosus

A

high O2 blood from liver to inferior vena cava to right atrium
o Closes 2-3 months and has no function

40
Q

foramen ovale

A

bypasses the lungs and moves blood from right atrium to left atrium
o Closes immediately after birth

41
Q

week 4 development

A
  • Heart: 2 chambers, valves, and speta forming
  • Circulation beginning (heart beating 65 BPM)
    o At the end of week 3 they heart begins to beat, starts off very slowly
42
Q

Week 5 development

A

AT RISK FOR ANOMALIES IS HIGHEST TO THIS POINT

43
Q

week 8 development

A
  • First indication of bone ossification
    o MOM SHOULD TAKE EXTRA CALCIUM, otherwise mom may get cavity or tingling of hands and feet
44
Q

when is the heart beat audible with a doppler

A

12 weeks development

45
Q

when does meconium, begin to collect in the intestines

A

16 week development

46
Q

when do the sebaceous glands begin to secret vernix

A

20 week development

47
Q

When does mom start to feel fetal movement

A

20 weeks (multigravid can feel it at 16 weeks)

48
Q

When is the placenta fully formed?

A

20 weeks

49
Q

viability

A

viable at 24 weeks (can be as early at 22 with technology)

50
Q

when does the baby begin to hear and respond to sound inutero

A

24 weeks

51
Q

When does lecithin form in alveolar surface

A

28 weeks

52
Q

RATIO FOR LUNG MATURITY IN BABY

A

2:2.5 (L/S RATIO)

53
Q

Dizygotic

A

Þ : two mature ova (eggs) are released and two DIFFERENT sperm with fertilize the eggs (they look nothing alike because its two eggs with two separate sperms)

54
Q

Dizygotic placenta

A

o They will have two separate placentae, but they can be joined in the middle

55
Q

Monozygotic

A

Þ one egg (ovum) release and one sperm that fertilized one egg but then it DIVIDES INTO TWO (this is identical twins of the same sex)

56
Q

Monozygotic placenta

A

o One big placenta with two umbilical cords

57
Q

Conjoined

A

monozygotic, but something went wrong during division and they may share one body.

58
Q

Triplets

A

could be two eggs and one divides or one egg dividing three times.

NSG 432 - OB (14 decks)

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