Conception,complications, Bc Flashcards
How long does pregnancy last?
280 days / 40 weeks
Pregnancy is not a disease but a?
Alteration in health and life cycle
Fertilization occurs when ___ penetrates ___. Sperm and ovum contain____ chromosomes
Sperm
Egg
23
Ovum survives how many days
24hours
Sperm survives how many days
5
Monozygotic/ identical
Union of single ovum and sperm Fetus same sex One placenta One chorion Two amnions
Dizygotic/fraternal
More then one ovum and sperm Same or different sex 2 placentas 2 chorions 2 amnions Repeat in families
Stages of fetal development
Zygote
Blastocyst
Trophoblast
Implantation occur when the
Trophoblast attach to the uterine wall
Function of the amniotic fluid
Allows symmetrical growth Maintain environment temperature Protects fetus from injury Allows freedom to move / buoyancy Prevents fetal adherence Promote lung maturity
Embryonic stage 3 layers
Ectoderm- outer
Mesoderm- middle
Endoderm- inner
Fetal circulation 3 major bypasses
Ductus venosus- bypass blood from liver to placenta. Closes temp when cord is cut
Ductus arteriosus- diverts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta. Closes 15h after birth
Foramen ovale- diverts blood from RA into LA. Closes temp 2 hr after birth and fully by 3 month
EDD
Estimated due date
1st day of LMP
-3 from month
+ 7 for day
Anything after march year increase by 1
Nagele’s rule
Presumptive s/s of pregnancy
Amenorrhea (no cycle) N/v Frequent urination Chloasma Breast change Fatigue Drowsiness Linea nigra( dark line down abdomen) Quickening( may be gas)
Probable s/s
Abdomen changes(weight gain/tumor) Positive pregnancy test Hegars sign Goodells signs McDonald's sign Chadwick's sign( purplish or bluish discoloration of vagina,cervix,vulva) Braxton hicks(fibroids) Fetal outline(tumor) Ballottement(cervical polyp)
Positive s/s
Fetal heart beat(110-160) Uterine soufflé Funic soufflé Fetal movement Visual of fetus
Weighs 2 oz becomes temporary abdominal organ.expands gradually reaches xyphoid process.
Uterus
Barrier method BC
Condoms
Sponge
Diaphragm
IUD
Chemical method BC
BCP Depo Nuva ring Implant Patch
Surgical method BC
100%effective
BTL
Vasectomy
Hyst
Essure
How to measure fundal height
Assess from pubis to top of fundus
Record in cm
Each week of pregnancy equal 1 cm
Circulation system is increased by ___% body receives what?
45
Nutrients
Oxygen
Leukorrhea
Increase vaginal discharge
Do maternal insulin cross placenta
No
Streptococcal B..GBS
Normal bacteria can cause complications if baby pass through it.
Vagina is swiped to rectum
Calcium is not taken from mothers___ but from long bones.
Teeth
Tums calcium supplement
Shiny and grey side of placenta
Schultze
Beefy red side of placenta
Dirty Duncan
Umbilical cord consist of
AVA
2 arteries
1 vein
Fetal portion develops from the
Chorionic villi
Increase nutrition by
300/day
NTD
Neural tube defect
(Spinabifida)
Test done AFP
How much folic acid a day to prevent NTD
400 mcg
Orange juice
Major complications
DM Increase BP Increase asthma Increase uti Increase sickle cell crises Previa placenta(sit near cervix) Abruption placenta
G,P,T,P,S,T,L
G-pregnancies P- births T-term births P- preterm S- spontaneous abortions T- therapeutic abortions L-living births
Amniotic sac fluid should be
Clear, mild odor,contains bits of vernix, lanugo
Fluid is recycled by fetal urination
Delivery settings
Hospital- quick access to emergency care
Birth center- homelike, lower cost, slight delay emergency access
Home- total control, no risk of nosocomial infection delay in care
4 p’s of birthing process
Power (contractions and pushing)
Passage(passage for baby)
Passenger( fetus)
Psyche(emotional part of birth)
Risk with labor and delivery
Grand multiparty
Intense labor contractions
Blunt abdominal trauma
VBAC
Hydatiform mole
Malignant cells
Clumps of blood in uterus
Looks like a tv screen lose signal
Increase risk for developing uterine cancer in life
Circlage
Weak cervix
Dr. Stitch one string to hold uterus in
Remains in place about week 36
Labor is determined by
Dilation and effacement change over time
Effacement
Thinning of the cervix
Dilation
Measured in cm
Corpus Ludlum
Attach to uterus and form placenta
Pica
Craving for food not edible
For the nutrients and elements in side
Circlage
Uterus is weak, dr. Makes 1stitch around to hold it in place til 36weeks of pregnancy then Md. cuts the string
The test used to check for diabetes
GTT- glucose tolerance test
The test used to determine NTD neural tube defects
AFP
Alpha fetal protein
Gynecoid pelvic position is
The most favorable for birth
Leopholds
Palpated fetal position without ultrasound
Labor and delivery is influenced by
Culture
