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Maternal Child Test 1 > Conception And Pregnancy > Flashcards

Conception And Pregnancy Flashcards

0
Q

Where does conception occur?

A

The ampulla of the F-tube

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1
Q

Conception

A

The union of egg and sperm

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2
Q

Where does the ovum come from?

A

The Graafian follicle

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3
Q

Ovum

A

Female egg

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4
Q

Two layers of ovum

A

Zona pellucida, corona rodiata

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5
Q

How long is the ovum fertile?

A

24 hrs

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6
Q

Sperm

A

The male cell that fertilizes the ovum

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7
Q

How many sperm per enjaculation?

A

200-500 million

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8
Q

How do sperm move?

A

With the flagella

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9
Q

How long are sperm fertile?

A

72 hrs

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10
Q

What percent does a healthy cycle have to get pregnant?

A

25%

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11
Q

Capacitation

A

Conditioning responses of sperm when in female reproductive track. It allows enzymes need for penetration to be produced.

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12
Q

Fertilization

A

When the sperm enters the ovum

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13
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

The outer third of the ampulla

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14
Q

What happens soon after fertilization?

A

The nucleus form the pronuculi

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15
Q

Pronuculi

A

Distinct bodies of hero matin

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16
Q

How many autosomes are normal after conception?

A

22 autosomes and a sex chromosome

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17
Q

Female sex chromosome pair.

A

XX

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18
Q

Males sex chromosome set

A

XY

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19
Q

What is the sperm and ovum called after fertilization?

A

Zygote

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20
Q

How long does fertilization take?

A

24 hrs

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21
Q

Pre-embryonic phase is how long?

A

First two weeks

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22
Q

Division of cells: cleavage

A

Rapid cell mitosis

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23
Q

How many cells are there at the end of division of cells?

A

64

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24
Q

When does the zygote fall into the uterus?

A

At 16 cells.

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25
Q

What degenerates at implantation?

A

Zona pellucida

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26
Q

Amnion

A

Thin membrane forming a closed sac around a fetus.

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27
Q

Autosomes

A

Chromosomes other than the sex chromosome.

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28
Q

Blastocyst

A

A divided fertilized ovum

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29
Q

Chorion

A

Outer placenta membrane

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30
Q

Chorionic villi

A

The villi between placenta and mother.

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31
Q

Chromosome

A

DNA pair

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32
Q

Trophoblast

A

Outer cell mass of placenta

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33
Q

Chorin

A

Embryonic membrane in early stages

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34
Q

What is the trophoblast responsible for?

A

For embedding the ovum into the upper uterus

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35
Q

Where should ovum embed?

A

The upper uterus

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36
Q

What secrets HCG?

A

Chorionic villi

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37
Q

What is HCG?

A

Human Choronic Gonadatorpin

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38
Q

Action of HCG

A

Maintains progesterone production by the corpus lutetium and intern maintains the endometrium

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39
Q

What does the endometrium change into after implantation?

A

Decidua

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40
Q

Decidua Basalis

A

Directly under ovum and creates placenta

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41
Q

Decidua Capsularis

A

Lies over ovum and separates it from uterine cavity

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42
Q

Decidua Vera

A

Remaining decides that doesn’t come in contact with baby

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43
Q

How long does implantation take?

A

7 to 10 days

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44
Q

What are the fetal membranes?

A

Chorion, amnion, and amniotic fluid

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45
Q

Chorion

A

Outmost and developed from the trophoblast. Covering the fetal side of placenta

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46
Q

Amnion

A

The outer membrane to the amniotic sac

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47
Q

Am ionic fluid

A

The liquid fetes floats in

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48
Q

Function of amniotic fluid

A

Maintain temp and cushioning from injury

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49
Q

Embryonic period is what amount of time?

A

3-8 weeks

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50
Q

By the eighth week of pregnancy the baby’s….

A

systems are all functioning

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51
Q

Placenta

A

Special organ of pregnancy that connects fetus to mother

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52
Q

How long does it take for the placenta to be fully functioning

A

Three months

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53
Q

What systems does the placenta act as for the placenta?

A

Respiratory, kidneys, endocrine, and digestive

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54
Q

What diseases does the placenta no prevent?

A

HIV and Hep B

55
Q

Hormones placenta produces

A

Progesterone, estrogen, relaxin and HPL

56
Q

HPL

A

Human Placental Lactogen stimulates the start of breast milk production

57
Q

Landmarks of embryonic stage

A
  1. All organs are formed
  2. Heartbeats by week 4
  3. Cardiovascular is the first working system
58
Q

Germ layers

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm and encoders

59
Q

Which lung is bypassed during fetal development

A

Right lung

60
Q

What is linked to only having two blood vessels in the umbilical cord?

A

Kidney disorders

61
Q

Baby’s first breath is stimulated by what?

A

Pressure change

62
Q

ASD is caused when….

A

The foremen ovule doesn’t close

63
Q

Gravidity

A

State or pregnancy

64
Q

Gravida

A

Pregnant woman

65
Q

Multigravida

A

More than one pregnancy

66
Q

Parity

A

Number of past pregnancies resulting in a viable fetus

67
Q

Viability

A

20-24 weeks plus in a pregnancy, when the fetus can live outside the uterus

68
Q

Multipara

A

Two or more viable pregnancies

69
Q

Stillborn

A

No sign of life after birth

70
Q

Preterm

A

Born before 38 weeks

71
Q

Post term

A

Born after 42 weeks

72
Q

Term

A

Born between 38 and 42 weeks

73
Q

Pregnancy length

A

280 day or 9.5 months

74
Q

First trimester time

A

Week one to week twelve

75
Q

Second trimester length

A

Thirteen to twenty four weeks

76
Q

Third trimester length

A

Twenty five weeks to birth

77
Q

Determining due date

A

First day of last period minus three months plus seven days

78
Q

Uterine changes first trimester

A

Solid organ to elastic organ, Braxton-Hicks start, endometrium changes to decidua

79
Q

McDonald’s Sign

A

Ability for the tissue to be easily flexed where the uterus and cervix join

80
Q

Uterine Changes second trimester

A

Can be palpated at the level of maternal umbilicus, Braxton-Hicks can be felt

81
Q

Uterine changes third trimester

A

Braxton-Hicks intensify, at term fund us is located at the xiphoid process

82
Q

Cervix changes first trimester

A

Starts to soften, vascularity increases, mucus plus formation

83
Q

Hegar’s Sign

A

The isthmus of the uterus widens to the point of being compressed

84
Q

Goodells Sign

A

The softening of the cervix

85
Q

Chadwick’s Sign

A

Blueing colored cervix

86
Q

Cervix changes third trimester

A

Mucus plug dislodges with labor

87
Q

Vagina changes 1st trimester

A

Becomes very acidic

88
Q

Vaginal changes 2 trimester

A

Tissue loosens, hyper trophy

89
Q

Vaginal changes 3 trimester

A

Increased vaginal secretions

90
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Hormones until placenta is mature

91
Q

Colostrum

A

First breast milk produced

92
Q

Pituitary changes during pregnancy

A

Increased prolactin, LH, HCG and FSH production

93
Q

Thyroid during pregnancy

A

Slight enlargement

94
Q

Pancreas during pregnancy

A

Insulin changes

95
Q

Cardiovascular changes first trimester

A

BP same, increased blood volume, increased CO, resting pulse increase by 8 beats

96
Q

Cardiovascular changes second trimester

A

Pulse increased by 10 beats, BP decreased

97
Q

Anemia during pregnancy

A
  1. Increased plasma
  2. Decreased hmg
  3. Increased rbc
98
Q

Cardiovascular changes third trimester

A

Heart pushed up and left, heart rate increased by 15 beats, BP same, s3 normal

99
Q

Resp. Changes first trimester

A

Increased tidal vol., increased o2 carrying compasity, congestion, rhinorrhea, decreased resp rate, nose bleeds

100
Q

Resp changes second trimester

A

Displaced diaphragm, SOB with activity

101
Q

Resp changes third trimester

A

AP and transverse chest diameters increased, SOB at rest

102
Q

Kidney changes during pregnancy

A

Increased kidney size, increased urinary frequency, dilated ureters and renal pelvis, prone to UTI, glucose and vitamins in urine

103
Q

Integumentary changes during pregnancy

A

Weak nails, thick hair, skin color change

104
Q

Relaxin causes which joints to relax?

A

Sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal and pelvic bones

105
Q

GI changes during pregnancy

A

Sensitive gums, increased iron, n/v, alter taste and smell, gallstones and gastric reflux

106
Q

Presumptive Symptoms of pregnancy

A

Amenorrhea, n/v, breast tenderness, urinary frequency, fatigue and quickening

107
Q

Presumptive signs of pregnancy

A

Increased body temp, linea nigra, melasma/chloasma, colostrum, striae, enlarged breast

108
Q

Probable symptoms of pregnancy

A

Chadwick’s, goodwells, mcdonalds, uterine enlargement, Hegar’s, Braxton hicks, ballottenment of uterus, uterine souffla, positive pregnancy test

109
Q

What is a health weight gain for a pregnant woman?

A

25 to 35 lbs

110
Q

Cause to low birth weight

A

Poor weight gain, too much weight gain, HTN

111
Q

Avoid what substances during pregnancy?

A

Alcohol, caffeine, drugs, smoking

112
Q

What do you want to make sure a pregnant woman in immured from?

A

Rubella

113
Q

RohGAM

A

Given to a woman who is a negative blood type

114
Q

Labor

A

Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the uterine muscles with the progressive effacement and dilatation of the cervix leading to the birth of the child

115
Q

Lightening

A

Descent of the head into the pelvis

116
Q

Signs of on coming labor

A

Lightening, Braxton hicks gets stronger, cervix changes, bloody show, SROM

117
Q

Dilatation

A

Expanding of external os

118
Q

Effacement

A

Thinning of internal os

119
Q

5 P’s of Labor

A

Powers, pelvis, passenger, position, psyche

120
Q

First phase of labor

A

Early, active, transition

121
Q

Types of pelvises

A

Gynecoid (round), android (heart), anthropoid (oval), platypelloid (flat)

122
Q

Syclitism

A

Position of fetal head in the pelvic inlet in which the smallest AP diameter of the head enters the widest part of the pelvic inlet

123
Q

Lie

A

Relationship as long axis of mother to long axis of letus

124
Q

Two types of operative delivery

A

Episiotomy and C-section

125
Q

Types of episiotomies

A

Midline and mediolateral

126
Q

Types of C-sections

A

Vertical, horizontal skin and vertical uterus, horizontal

127
Q

What type of C-section can never vaginally deliver again?

A

Horizontal

128
Q

Reasons for C-sections

A

Positional issue, prolapsed umbilical cord, aburtio placenta, active STD, pervious C-section, cephalopelvic disposition, failure to progress, toxemia, maternal diabetes, HTN, multiple births

129
Q

Types of pelvis ok to deliver with

A

Gynecoid and anthropoid

130
Q

BUBBLIEE

A

Breast, uterus, bowel, bladder, lochia, incision/episiotomy, emotional

131
Q

Types of nerve block for labor

A

Local injection and pudenda block

132
Q

VBAC

A

Vaginal birth after c-section

133
Q

Post partum time period

A

6 weeks after delivery

134
Q

Where is the fungus palpated after delivery?

A

1-2 cm below belly button

135
Q

Lochia types

A

Rubra, surosa, alba

Maternal Child Test 1 (4 decks)

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