Conception And Pregnancy Flashcards
0
Q
Where does conception occur?
A
The ampulla of the F-tube
1
Q
Conception
A
The union of egg and sperm
2
Q
Where does the ovum come from?
A
The Graafian follicle
3
Q
Ovum
A
Female egg
4
Q
Two layers of ovum
A
Zona pellucida, corona rodiata
5
Q
How long is the ovum fertile?
A
24 hrs
6
Q
Sperm
A
The male cell that fertilizes the ovum
7
Q
How many sperm per enjaculation?
A
200-500 million
8
Q
How do sperm move?
A
With the flagella
9
Q
How long are sperm fertile?
A
72 hrs
10
Q
What percent does a healthy cycle have to get pregnant?
A
25%
11
Q
Capacitation
A
Conditioning responses of sperm when in female reproductive track. It allows enzymes need for penetration to be produced.
12
Q
Fertilization
A
When the sperm enters the ovum
13
Q
Where does fertilization occur?
A
The outer third of the ampulla
14
Q
What happens soon after fertilization?
A
The nucleus form the pronuculi
15
Q
Pronuculi
A
Distinct bodies of hero matin
16
Q
How many autosomes are normal after conception?
A
22 autosomes and a sex chromosome
17
Q
Female sex chromosome pair.
A
XX
18
Q
Males sex chromosome set
A
XY
19
Q
What is the sperm and ovum called after fertilization?
A
Zygote
20
Q
How long does fertilization take?
A
24 hrs
21
Q
Pre-embryonic phase is how long?
A
First two weeks
22
Q
Division of cells: cleavage
A
Rapid cell mitosis
23
Q
How many cells are there at the end of division of cells?
A
64
24
When does the zygote fall into the uterus?
At 16 cells.
25
What degenerates at implantation?
Zona pellucida
26
Amnion
Thin membrane forming a closed sac around a fetus.
27
Autosomes
Chromosomes other than the sex chromosome.
28
Blastocyst
A divided fertilized ovum
29
Chorion
Outer placenta membrane
30
Chorionic villi
The villi between placenta and mother.
31
Chromosome
DNA pair
32
Trophoblast
Outer cell mass of placenta
33
Chorin
Embryonic membrane in early stages
34
What is the trophoblast responsible for?
For embedding the ovum into the upper uterus
35
Where should ovum embed?
The upper uterus
36
What secrets HCG?
Chorionic villi
37
What is HCG?
Human Choronic Gonadatorpin
38
Action of HCG
Maintains progesterone production by the corpus lutetium and intern maintains the endometrium
39
What does the endometrium change into after implantation?
Decidua
40
Decidua Basalis
Directly under ovum and creates placenta
41
Decidua Capsularis
Lies over ovum and separates it from uterine cavity
42
Decidua Vera
Remaining decides that doesn't come in contact with baby
43
How long does implantation take?
7 to 10 days
44
What are the fetal membranes?
Chorion, amnion, and amniotic fluid
45
Chorion
Outmost and developed from the trophoblast. Covering the fetal side of placenta
46
Amnion
The outer membrane to the amniotic sac
47
Am ionic fluid
The liquid fetes floats in
48
Function of amniotic fluid
Maintain temp and cushioning from injury
49
Embryonic period is what amount of time?
3-8 weeks
50
By the eighth week of pregnancy the baby's....
systems are all functioning
51
Placenta
Special organ of pregnancy that connects fetus to mother
52
How long does it take for the placenta to be fully functioning
Three months
53
What systems does the placenta act as for the placenta?
Respiratory, kidneys, endocrine, and digestive
54
What diseases does the placenta no prevent?
HIV and Hep B
55
Hormones placenta produces
Progesterone, estrogen, relaxin and HPL
56
HPL
Human Placental Lactogen stimulates the start of breast milk production
57
Landmarks of embryonic stage
1. All organs are formed
2. Heartbeats by week 4
3. Cardiovascular is the first working system
58
Germ layers
Ectoderm, mesoderm and encoders
59
Which lung is bypassed during fetal development
Right lung
60
What is linked to only having two blood vessels in the umbilical cord?
Kidney disorders
61
Baby's first breath is stimulated by what?
Pressure change
62
ASD is caused when....
The foremen ovule doesn't close
63
Gravidity
State or pregnancy
64
Gravida
Pregnant woman
65
Multigravida
More than one pregnancy
66
Parity
Number of past pregnancies resulting in a viable fetus
67
Viability
20-24 weeks plus in a pregnancy, when the fetus can live outside the uterus
68
Multipara
Two or more viable pregnancies
69
Stillborn
No sign of life after birth
70
Preterm
Born before 38 weeks
71
Post term
Born after 42 weeks
72
Term
Born between 38 and 42 weeks
73
Pregnancy length
280 day or 9.5 months
74
First trimester time
Week one to week twelve
75
Second trimester length
Thirteen to twenty four weeks
76
Third trimester length
Twenty five weeks to birth
77
Determining due date
First day of last period minus three months plus seven days
78
Uterine changes first trimester
Solid organ to elastic organ, Braxton-Hicks start, endometrium changes to decidua
79
McDonald's Sign
Ability for the tissue to be easily flexed where the uterus and cervix join
80
Uterine Changes second trimester
Can be palpated at the level of maternal umbilicus, Braxton-Hicks can be felt
81
Uterine changes third trimester
Braxton-Hicks intensify, at term fund us is located at the xiphoid process
82
Cervix changes first trimester
Starts to soften, vascularity increases, mucus plus formation
83
Hegar's Sign
The isthmus of the uterus widens to the point of being compressed
84
Goodells Sign
The softening of the cervix
85
Chadwick's Sign
Blueing colored cervix
86
Cervix changes third trimester
Mucus plug dislodges with labor
87
Vagina changes 1st trimester
Becomes very acidic
88
Vaginal changes 2 trimester
Tissue loosens, hyper trophy
89
Vaginal changes 3 trimester
Increased vaginal secretions
90
Corpus Luteum
Hormones until placenta is mature
91
Colostrum
First breast milk produced
92
Pituitary changes during pregnancy
Increased prolactin, LH, HCG and FSH production
93
Thyroid during pregnancy
Slight enlargement
94
Pancreas during pregnancy
Insulin changes
95
Cardiovascular changes first trimester
BP same, increased blood volume, increased CO, resting pulse increase by 8 beats
96
Cardiovascular changes second trimester
Pulse increased by 10 beats, BP decreased
97
Anemia during pregnancy
1. Increased plasma
2. Decreased hmg
3. Increased rbc
98
Cardiovascular changes third trimester
Heart pushed up and left, heart rate increased by 15 beats, BP same, s3 normal
99
Resp. Changes first trimester
Increased tidal vol., increased o2 carrying compasity, congestion, rhinorrhea, decreased resp rate, nose bleeds
100
Resp changes second trimester
Displaced diaphragm, SOB with activity
101
Resp changes third trimester
AP and transverse chest diameters increased, SOB at rest
102
Kidney changes during pregnancy
Increased kidney size, increased urinary frequency, dilated ureters and renal pelvis, prone to UTI, glucose and vitamins in urine
103
Integumentary changes during pregnancy
Weak nails, thick hair, skin color change
104
Relaxin causes which joints to relax?
Sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal and pelvic bones
105
GI changes during pregnancy
Sensitive gums, increased iron, n/v, alter taste and smell, gallstones and gastric reflux
106
Presumptive Symptoms of pregnancy
Amenorrhea, n/v, breast tenderness, urinary frequency, fatigue and quickening
107
Presumptive signs of pregnancy
Increased body temp, linea nigra, melasma/chloasma, colostrum, striae, enlarged breast
108
Probable symptoms of pregnancy
Chadwick's, goodwells, mcdonalds, uterine enlargement, Hegar's, Braxton hicks, ballottenment of uterus, uterine souffla, positive pregnancy test
109
What is a health weight gain for a pregnant woman?
25 to 35 lbs
110
Cause to low birth weight
Poor weight gain, too much weight gain, HTN
111
Avoid what substances during pregnancy?
Alcohol, caffeine, drugs, smoking
112
What do you want to make sure a pregnant woman in immured from?
Rubella
113
RohGAM
Given to a woman who is a negative blood type
114
Labor
Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the uterine muscles with the progressive effacement and dilatation of the cervix leading to the birth of the child
115
Lightening
Descent of the head into the pelvis
116
Signs of on coming labor
Lightening, Braxton hicks gets stronger, cervix changes, bloody show, SROM
117
Dilatation
Expanding of external os
118
Effacement
Thinning of internal os
119
5 P's of Labor
Powers, pelvis, passenger, position, psyche
120
First phase of labor
Early, active, transition
121
Types of pelvises
Gynecoid (round), android (heart), anthropoid (oval), platypelloid (flat)
122
Syclitism
Position of fetal head in the pelvic inlet in which the smallest AP diameter of the head enters the widest part of the pelvic inlet
123
Lie
Relationship as long axis of mother to long axis of letus
124
Two types of operative delivery
Episiotomy and C-section
125
Types of episiotomies
Midline and mediolateral
126
Types of C-sections
Vertical, horizontal skin and vertical uterus, horizontal
127
What type of C-section can never vaginally deliver again?
Horizontal
128
Reasons for C-sections
Positional issue, prolapsed umbilical cord, aburtio placenta, active STD, pervious C-section, cephalopelvic disposition, failure to progress, toxemia, maternal diabetes, HTN, multiple births
129
Types of pelvis ok to deliver with
Gynecoid and anthropoid
130
BUBBLIEE
Breast, uterus, bowel, bladder, lochia, incision/episiotomy, emotional
131
Types of nerve block for labor
Local injection and pudenda block
132
VBAC
Vaginal birth after c-section
133
Post partum time period
6 weeks after delivery
134
Where is the fungus palpated after delivery?
1-2 cm below belly button
135
Lochia types
Rubra, surosa, alba
