Concept test Flashcards
When was corporal punishment totally banned from used in WA schools?
2015
What is a Schema and who was it created by?
A category of information created by Jean Piaget
There is a relationship between…
Thinking, perceiving, feeling, learning and behaving
List the four overarching philosophies of learning and behaviour management
Behaviourism, cognitivism, social contextualism (social constructivism), humanism
Describe behaviourism
Behaviour is the result of experience. Change occurs as result of external stimuli.
Describe how behaviourism is used in behavioural management
Change occurs as result of external stimuli therefore, changing the environment changes the external stimuli
Describe cognitivism
Learning is making meaning of information given to us via language and the senses. Internal thinking processes are important.
Changes in behaviour are observed, but only as an indication of what is occurring inside the learner’s head.
Describe how cognitivism is used in behavioural management
Help children to develop skills and capacities to reflect on problems and correct their own behaviour.
Major emphasis on children developing understanding and insight.
Emphasise intrinsic reinforcement.
Distinguish between behaviourism and cognitivism
Behaviourism= external stimuli Cognitivism= actions are a consequence of thinking (internal stimuli)
Describe social contextualism (social learning theory)
Children’s behaviour is largely contextually dependent. Children imitate the models they observe (Bobo doll experiment)
Describe how social contexualism is used in behaviour management
Positive group work is beneficial for learning
Learning and behaviour is the result of interaction between people and environment
Model what you teach (teach by modelling)
Describe humanism
Learning is the acquisition of positive self-regard as a result of success
Self esteem
Describe how social humanism is used in behaviour management
Consider affective needs in education (e.g. love, belonging, having needs met)
Encourage self-directed learning (move from extrinsic to intrinsic reinforcement
Who created the Behaviour Modification Model?
B.F. Skinner
Describe the Behaviour Modification Model
Using positive and negative reinforcement and punishment to encourage or discourage behaviour.
Positive punishment means something is ADDED that makes behaviour LESS likely to continue or to occur again. Unpleasant consequence is introduced to discourage their behaviour.
Positive reinforcement means something is ADDED that makes the behaviour MORE likely to continue or reoccur. A pleasant or desired consequence is introduced to encourage behaviour.
Negative punishment means something is REMOVED or taken away that makes the behaviour LESS likely to continue or reoccur. Something they want is removed in order to discourage their behaviour.
And negative reinforcement means something is TAKEN AWAY that makes the behaviour MORE likely to continue or reoccur. Something unpleasant is removed to encourage their behaviour.
List some key cognitivist theorists
Jean Piaget (schemas), Lev Vygotsky (zone of proximal development), William Glasser (choice theory)
Describe Glasser’s choice theory
Glasser believes that all student behaviours are driven by a desire to satisfy 5 genetic needs:
- Survival, safety & security
- Love, belonging and acceptance
- Personal power, competence & achievement
- Freedom, independence, autonomy
- Fun and learning
Glasser believes that children can be TAUGHT about these needs as well as responsible ways to satisfy them
Hold classroom meetings, be a leader not a boss, expect 100% from every student, reasoning with students, encourage development of internal locus of control
Who created the choice theory?
William Glasser
What does Cognitivism look like in the classroom?
Teacher helps students to control their own behaviour rather than controlling student behaviour with external reinforcement alone
Who is the “father of social learning theory”
Albert Bandura
Who’s models are based on the theory of humanism?
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
What is the name of Carl Roger’s model?
Person-centred approach
Describe the person-centred approach
Based on the belief that humans have one basic motive, to self-actualise (achieve their best)
Describe the needs motivated approach
Basic needs must be met, especially in early life, so that the development of meta-needs (growth needs) may ensue.
Who created the needs motivated approach
Abraham Maslow
List some key huamistic teacher strategies for facilitating behaviour management
Let children know that they have worth.
Provide opportunities for success.
Don’t allow children to run away from developing coping skills.
Take time to have a chat about behaviour (not just correction of behaviour)
Failure = bad score; not bad child! (not ‘you’re a failure’; but ‘the performance result is a fail’).
Develop a positive classroom climate.
Facilitate rather than direct or order.
Provide a supportive environment of empathy & acceptance.
Take serendipitous (fortuitous) opportunities to bolster student self-esteem
Who created the assertive discipline model?
Lee & Marlene Canter
Describe the assertive discipline model
Obedience-based discipline approach to classroom management developed. It involves a high level of teacher control in the class. It is also called the “take-control” approach to teaching, as the teacher controls their classroom in a firm but positive manner.
Describe the three principles of assertive discipline
- The non-assertive style=
- Fail to clearly define what they want and what behaviour they will not accept
- Fail to back up their words with appropriate actions/consequences - The hostile style=
- Address students abusively, use derogatory remarks and lose their temper
- Commonly ‘put down’ their students - tell them that they are dumb or never act their age
- Sometimes they make overt or implied threats of violence “you’ll pay for that” - The assertive style=
- Teacher clearly communicate their wants and feelings to students and indicate willingness to back up their words with actions if necessary
- Ensures great compliance with their demands and expectations as long as they are necessary
- Give explicit directions to students such as “stop running in the hallway and walk”
List the corrective strategies for the assertive discipline model
- Create positive student-teacher relationships
- Establish rules or expectations
- Track misbehaviour
- Use negative consequences to enforce limits
- Implement a system of positive consequences
- Establish strong parent support
Who created the democratic discipline model?
Rudolf Dreikers
Describe the principles of the democratic discipline model
Based on three main points:
- Try to understand why a student is behaving in a particular way as this will influence the design of the teacher’s response to it.
- Allow students to have some say in decisions that affect them, whether it is a choice of consequences for behaviour, what they will study or how they will govern themselves.
- Be a kind, responsible, accepting person who models for students the behaviour that is expected of them
Describe the three teaching styles according to Dreikurs
Autocratic= force their will on their student Permissive= no logical consequences for misbehaviour Democratic= teachers offer firm guidance but do not promote rebellion
List some of Dreikurs preventive strategies
Understand teaching style Use encouragement Establish logical consequences Stimulate classroom discussions Look at other preventive strategies
List some general classroom management strategies
Set clear assignments Ensure students are on task Stimulate students' interest Guide students' learning Minimising disruptions Seating students Arranging the furniture Working in the action zone Setting routines
Who created the pain model?
Patrick Connor
Describe the theoretical basis of the pain model
Unemployment, homelessness, skill-lessness, meaninglessness, domestic violence, abuse, chemical addiction or imbalances cause a psychological pain that is termed ‘pain’.
Describe the principles of the pain model
- Acknowledging that the student is in pain and responding in an appropriate manner to relieve the pain
- Value persons including students, parents and teachers
List some corrective strategies of the pain model
- Relieving the pain and calming the student
- Re-skilling the student
- Reconstructing self-esteem
- Developing agreements
- Self-managing log
- Adjunctive therapies
- collaborating with parents
- Referring to professionals those problems that need expert assistance
Who created the teacher effectiveness training model?
Thomas Gordon
Describe the teacher effectiveness training model
Based on the principle that good teaching makes a connection between the teacher and the learner. This connection is based on good communication and, therefore, much of this model is directed towards improving teachers’ communication skills that, ultimately, will improve relationships and academic learning
Define an I-message
A teacher tells their feelings can be preventive (change behaviour in some way) or confronting
Who created the positive behaviour leadership model?
Bill Rogers
Describe the principles of positive behaviour leadership model
- Express joint rights and responsibilities in the rules
- Minimise unnecessary confrontation and embarrassment
- Promote the use of appropriate choices
- Discipline respectfully
- Communicate expectations positively
