CONCEPT OF MENDELIAN GENETICS Flashcards
is famous for discovering “particulate inheritance” or the idea that hereditary
elements are passed on in discrete units rather than “blended” together at each new generation. Today we call
those discrete units’ genes.
Gregor Mendel
Scientific name of garden pea
Pisum sativum
self
fertilization w/c produces “true-breeding
pea plants
Garden Pea
mating two breeding
individuals that have the different traits
Hybridizations
Plants use in first
generation were called…
P0 or “Parental
Generation one”
first Filial (filial –
offspring, daughter, son)
generation
F1
second filial’
generation
F2
–An organisms underlying genetic
make- up symbolized with a pair of
letters
Genotype
observable traits
express by an
organism
Phenotype
most genes exist in many forms called…
Alleles
A trait that requires at
least one dominant allele for the trait
to be expressed
Dominant
A trait that requires two
recessive alleles for the trait to be
expressed
Recessive
with two
dominant alleles (DD)
Homozygous dominant
with two
recessive alleles
Homozygous recessive
represented by the capital and lower case letters
Genotype
trait that is actually expressed in an organism
Phenotype
–by Reginald Punnett
–applies the rules of probability to
predict the possible outcomes of a
genetic cross or mating and their
expected frequencies
PUNNETT SQUARE
Fertilization between two true-breeding parents
that differ in only one characteristics.
MONOHYBRID CROSS
A cross describes a mating
experiment between two
organisms that are
identically hybrid for two
traits.
DIHYBRID
CROSS
This inheritance of genes is termed
heredity
the study of
reasons of heredity is
Genetics
is a hereditary factor that determines (or influences) a particular trait. is comprised of
a specific DNA sequence and is located on a specific region of a specific chromosome. Because of
its specific location, a gene can also be called a genetic locus.
Gene
produces its phenotype whether the organism is homozygous dominant or
heterozygous at that locus.
dominant allele
produces its phenotype only when homozygous recessive at the locus; its
phenotype is masked if the locus is heterozygous.
recessive allele
