CONCEPT OF DEATH AND DYING/ GRIEF OR GRIEVING Flashcards

1
Q

is an actual or potential situation in which something that is valued is changed, no longer available, or gone. Loss
occurs when a valued person or object, or situation is changed or made inaccessible so that its value is diminished or
removed. People can experience the loss of body image, a significant other, a sense of well-being, a job, personal
possessions, or beliefs. Illness and hospitalization often produce losses

A

Loss

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2
Q

experienced by one person but cannot be verified by or is intangible to others. Psychologic
losses are often perceived losses, in that they are not directly verifiable

A

PERCEIVED LOSS

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3
Q

Can be identified by others and can arise either in response to or in
anticipation of a situation. For example, a woman whose husband is dying may experience actual loss in anticipation of
his death

A

ACTUAL LOSS

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4
Q

TWO TYPES OF LOSS

A
  1. ACTUAL LOSS
  2. PERCEIVED LOSS
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5
Q

is experienced as a result of natural developmental processes. It is a loss resulting from normal life transitions

A

MATURATIONAL LOSS

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6
Q

occurring suddenly in
response to specific external event. It is experienced as a result of an unpredictable event, including traumatic injury, disease, death, or national disaster.

A

SITUATIONAL LOSS

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7
Q

In which a person displays loss and grief behaviors for a loss that has yet to take
place. Anticipatory loss is often seen in the families of patients with serious and life-threatening illnesses and serves to lessen the impact of the actual loss of family member

A

ANTICIPATORY LOSS

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8
Q

may include a body part,physiological function, or psychological function

A

LOSS OF AN ASPECT OF SELF

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9
Q

involves any possession that is worn out, misplaced, stolen or ruined by disaster

A

LOSS OF EXTERNAL OBJECTS

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10
Q

Includes leaving a familiar settin

A

LOSS OF A KNOWN ENVIRONMENT

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11
Q
  • this includes parents, spouses, children, siblings, teachers, clergy, friends, neighbors, work associates and entertainment figures
A

LOSS OF A SIGNIFICANT OTHER

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12
Q

person who face death live, feel, think and respond to events and people around them until the moment of
death

A

LOSS OF LIFE

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13
Q

refers to the subjective emotions and affect that are a normal response to the experience of loss. Grieving, also
known as bereavement refers to the process by which a person experiences the grief. It involves not only the content (what a person thinks, says and feels) but also the process (how a person thinks, says and feels).

A

GRIEF

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14
Q

is when people facing an imminent loss begin to grapple with the very real possibility of the loss
or death in the near future. Mourning is the outward expression of grief. Rituals of mourning include having a wake, holding religious ceremonies and arranging funerals

A

ANTICIPATORY GRIEVING

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15
Q

The therapeutic relationship and therapeutic communication skills such as active listening are paramount when assisting
grieving clients. Recognizing the verbal and nonverbal communication content of the various stages of grieving can help nurses to select interventions that meet the client’s psychological and physical needs.

A

THE GRIEVING PROCESS

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16
Q

5 STAGES OF GRIEF

A

1.Denial
2.Anger
3.Bargaining
4.Depression
5.Acceptance

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17
Q

The initial stage: “It can’t be happening.”

A

DENIAL

18
Q

: “Why ME? It’s not fair?!” (either referring to God, oneself, or anybody perceived, rightly or wrongly,
as “responsible”)

A

ANGER

19
Q

“Just let me live to see my son graduate.

A

BARGAINING

20
Q

I’m so sad, why bother with anything?”

A

DEPRESSION

21
Q

: “It’s going to be OK

A

ACCEPTANCE

22
Q

• Refuses to believe that a loss is happening
• Isolates self from reality and represses what is discussed
• Ignore the signs of the loss.
• May be artificially cheerful in order to prolong the denial.
• May begin to use

A

DENIAL

23
Q
  • Become angry with God, with oneself or with others
    • Client or family express rage and hostility, sometimes at nurse and staff members, about things that
    normally would upset them.
  • “Why me? I didn’t do anything to deserve this.”
  • May pick out “scapegoats” on which to vent anger e.g. doctors, friends, rehabilitation specialists, etc.
    May begin to use:
    • Self blaming
    • Switching blame
    Blaming the victim
    Aggressive anger: believing to have the right to vent blame and rage aggressively to the closest target
A

ANGER

24
Q

• Bargain or strike a deal with God to make the loss go away
Promise to do anything to make the loss go away
• Seeks to bargain to avoid loss
• May begin putting affairs in order, for example making wills and giving away personal items
• Guilt for real or imagined past sins may be expressed
• May begin to:
• Shop around: believing to look for the “right” agent with the “cure” for the loss.
4
• Gamble: believing that taking chances on “cures” for the loss
• Take risks: believing to put oneself in jeopardy financially, emotionally, and physically to get to an
answer or “cure” for the loss
• Sacrifice: believing that ignoring the real needs in pursuit of the “cure” can change the los

A

BARGAINING

25
Q

• Grieves over what has happened and what cannot be
May cry and talk freely about the loss or may withdraw
May begin to experience:
Guilt: believing oneself is responsible for the loss
• Remorse: believing that should feel sorry for the real or perceived “bad past”, deeds for which the
loss is some form of retribution or punishment
Loss of hope: believing that no hope of being able to return to the calm and order of life prior to loss
Loss of faith and trust: believing that because of the loss, can no longer trust in the goodness and
mercy of God and mankind

A

DEPRESSION

26
Q

• Comes to terms with loss
• May have decreased interest in surroundings and significant others
• May wish to begin making plans
• Can now:
• Describe the terms and conditions involved in the loss
• Cope with the loss
• Test the concepts and alternatives available in dealing with the los

A

ACCEPTANCE

27
Q

refute irrational beliefs or fantasy thinking to address loss

A

RATIONAL THINKING

28
Q

can incorporate changes necessary after the loss

A

Adaptive behavior

29
Q

expresses emotional responses freely and are better able to verbalize pain, hurt and suffering that has been experience

A

Appropriate emotion

30
Q

recognize that it takes time to adjust to the loss and gives
oneself time to “deal” with it. Sets realistic time frame

A

Patience and self-understanding

31
Q

gains confidence needed for personal growt

A

SELF-CONFIDENCE

32
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMAl GRIEF REACTION

A

CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMAL GRIEF REACTION

33
Q

• Feelings of tightness in the throat
• Choking
• Empty feeling in abdomen
• Lack of muscular strength
• Subjective distress such as mental pain or distress
• Sleep disturbance

A

PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS

34
Q

• Hears, sees or imagines the deceased person
• Feeling of emotional distance from others
• Feeling of loss of emotional control

A

PREOCCUPATION WITH IMAGE OF THE DECEASED OR LOSS

35
Q

• Searches for ways that loss could have been prevented
• Accuses others of negligence or fault

A

FEELINGS OF GUILT

36
Q

• Restlessness, inability to sit still, aimless movement
• Impaired concentration
• Lack of capacity to initiate usual interests or activities
• Inability to experience pleasure
• Changes in eating habit

A

LOSS OF USUAL BEHAVIOR

37
Q

an event, a state. It does not have the same meaning for everyone

A

DEATH

38
Q

Many patients realize without being told that they are suffering from a terminal illness; they often pick up this knowledge
from nonverbal communication by their families and by healthcare professionals. Patients must be allowed to go through
the stages of grieving process and to make decisions about their care. Competent patients have the right to consent and
refuse any and all indicated medical treatment-even life-sustaining treatment-and should be made aware of this right

A

IMPACT ON PATIENT

39
Q

The family and significant others of terminally ill patients should be encouraged to participate in planning the patient’s
care. Healthcare personnel should be available to discuss the patient’s condition with family members and should offer
support and care as the family begins the grieving process. The family may want to make arrangements with the patient
for funeral or memorial services, depending on which stage of grief both the patient and the family members are in

A

IMPACT ON FAMILY

40
Q

Palliative care means taking care of the whole person-body, mind, and spirit, heart and soul. It looks at dying as something natural and personal. The goal of palliative care is to gibe patients with life-threatening illnesses the best
quality of life they can have by the aggressive management of symptoms. Palliative acre is sometimes called hospice care.

Caring for the dying and the bereaved is one of the nurse’s most complex and challenging responsibilities, bringing into
play all the skills needed for holistic physiologic and psychosocial care. To be effective, nurses must come to grips with
their own attitudes toward loss, death, and dying, because these attitudes will directly affect their ability to provide car

A

PALLATIBE CARE

41
Q

Fears experienced by the Dying Persom

A

Fear of the unknown.
Fear of abandonment and loneliness.
Fear of loss of relationships and experiences in the future.
Fear of dependency and loss of independence.
Fear of pain

42
Q

The major nursing responsibility for clients who are dying is to assist the client to a peaceful death. More specific responsibilities are the following:

A
  1. To provide relief from loneliness, fear and depression.
  2. To maintain the client’s sense of security, self-confidence, dignity, and self-worth.
  3. To maintain hope.
  4. To help the client accept losses.
  5. To provide physical comfort