concept: mobility Flashcards
alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
-increased in bone cancer, healing fractures, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis
Calcium (Ca)
- increased in bone cancer and multiple fractures
- monitor Ca levels and detect imbalances
Phosphorus (P)
-increased with bone tumors and phosphate healing fractures
Rheumatoid factor (RF)
-diagnose RA; also increased in lupus and scleroedema
Uric acid
-diagnosis and monitor treatment of gout
Creatine kinase (CK)
- diagnose muscle trauma or disease
- increased in muscular dystrophy and traumatic injuries
Sedimentation rate (ESR)
-measures inflammation in the body
What do you assess when assessing pain?
-descriptors, location and nature
Strength - muscle grading scale 1-5
0- paralysis; no visible contraction 1- can feel contraction; no movement of limb 2- movement with gravity eliminated 3- full ROM against gravity 4- full ROM with some resistance 5- full ROM with full resistance
Morse fall scale
0-24 (no risk)
25-50 (low risk)
>50 (high risk)
Radiologic examinations
X-rays
CT scan
MRI
bone scans
Bone density tests
DXA or DEXA gold standard
-evaluates degree of osteoporosis
Arthroscopy
- fiber-optic endoscope to examine joint interior, to diagnose diseases, and to perform surgery
- arthrocentesis- withdraws fluid from a joint by needle aspiration
Electromyogram (EMG) and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP)
-tests of the electrical activity of skeletal muscle
Conditions that effect mobility
- Cardiovascular
- neurological
- respiratory
- musculoskeletal
- infection
- peri operative
- psychological
Short term mobility goals
- prevent further injury
- control pain
- prevent falls
- ROM
- safe mobility
Long term mobility goals
- Optimal function
- restore normal function
Caring interventions
-rehabilitative nursing-process of restoring a persons ability to live and work in as normal a manner as possible; involves the prevention and correction of alterations in the musculoskeletal system
preservative methods
- interventions needed to maintain normal mobility
- exercises and assisted ambulation
- used with EVERY client
Restorative methods
- interventions to achieve level of mobility prior to illness
- crutch walking and splinting
- used with clients who have decreased mobility caused by factors such as debilitating illness or major surgery
Client education for mobility
- encourage participation
- instruct on importance of movement/ambulation/exercise
- proper nutrition
- maintain proper body alignment
- safety related to mobility, environment, and use of devices
Potential complications with mobility issues
- tissue integrity
- DVT/blood clotting
- falls/fractures
- functional decline
- pneumonia