Concept 3

Question 1

Priming

Build a Bear example

Answer 1

Build a Bear is fun
Going to get food after
Healthy vs fun choice
More likely to choose fun choice

Question 2

Unpriming

Sparrow and Wegner

Answer 2

Questionnaire
Yes/no questions
 - right answer 1st time
 - random answers 2nd time
people need to express schema before they can go against it

Question 3

Amygdala

Answer 3

Similar to schema and metaphor

Question 4

Controlled Processing

Answer 4

Systematic
Logical
Highly effortful
Prefrontal cortex
 - medial prefrontal cortex
 - ventrolateral prefrontal cortex > cunningham et al. , 2003

Question 5

Automatic Processing

Answer 5

Fast
Relatively Effortless
Intuitive manner
Amygdala
Limbic System - cohen, 2005; fiske &taylor, 2013

Question 6

Automatic and Controlled Processing

Answer 6

May often occur together

Uncertainty - sherman et al. , 2008

Question 7

Evaluative Reactions

Answer 7

Very basic kind of social judgement realting to whether we like or dislike something
Good/Bad judgement
- rapidly/automatically

Question 8

Weiner’s Attribution Theory

3 Stage Process to attribution

Answer 8

1) Behaviour must be observed/perceived
2) Behaviour must be determined to be intentional
3) Behaviour attributed to internal/external causes

Question 9

3 Causal Dimensions of Attributions

Answer 9

1) Locus of Control
- two poles (external/internal)
2) Stability
- do causes change over time?
3) Controllability
- causes people can and can’t control

Question 10

Locus of Control

Answer 10

The Perception of the cause of an event as internal/external

Related to feeling of pride and self-esteem

Question 11

Stability

Answer 11

Cause of an event is stable or unstable across time and situations
Related to feeling of hopelessness/hopefulness

Question 12

Controllability

Answer 12

Cause of an event is under control of individual

Related to feelings of guilt/shame

Question 13

Achievement is attributed to

Answer 13

1) Effort
2) Ability
3) Level of Task Difficulty
4) Luck

Question 14

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 14

Mental Stress or discomfort people feel when they have two contradictory beliefs at the same time

Question 15

Festinger’s Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 15

How people strive for internal consistency - those without consistency become psychologically uncomfortable

Question 16

Example of “The Fox and the Grapes”

Answer 16

When an individual desires something, and they cannot attain it, they reduce their dissonance by criticizing it

Question 17

Neuroscience Study

Answer 17

Van Veen et al. (2009)
Individuals were made to say that a MRI scanner was pleasant - those in experimental group enjoyed more than the control who were paid to make their argument
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex/Anterior Insular Cortex - areas were more active the more an individuals attitude had to change.
Brain areas involved are more involved when the individuals SCHEMA is performed against.

Question 18

Neuroscience Findings

Answer 18

When reducing dissonance (disagreement between action and schema) the right inferior frontal gyrus, medial fronto-parietal region, ventral striatum activity increase.
Berkman et al. (2010)