Concept 13.1: Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes

Question 1

Parents endow their offspring with coded information in the form of hereditary units called

Answer 1

genes

Question 2

Our genes program specific traits that emerge as we develop from

Answer 2

fertilized eggs into adults

Question 3

The genetic program is written in the language of

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Inherited information is passed on in the form of each gene’s specific sequence of DNA

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

Most genes program cells to synthesize specific ______________________, whose cumulative action produces an organism’s inherited traits.

Answer 5

enzymes and other proteins

Question 6

are the vehicles that transmit genes from one generation to the next In animals and plants

Answer 6

gametes

Question 7

During fertilization, ______________________________ unite, passing on genes of both parents to their offspring.

Answer 7

male and female gametes (sperm and eggs)

Question 8

Except for small amounts of DNA in

Answer 8

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 9

DNA of a eukaryotic cell is packaged into

Answer 9

chromosomes within the nucleus

Question 10

humans have 46 chromosomes in their _____________—all cells of the body except the gametes and their precursors.

Answer 10

somatic cells

Question 11

Each chromosome consists of a

Answer 11

single long DNA molecule, elaborately coiled in association with various proteins.

Question 12

A gene’s specific location along the length of a chromosome is called the gene’s

Answer 12

locus

Question 13

Our genetic endowment (our genome) consists of the genes and other DNA that make up the

Answer 13

chromosomes we inherited from our parents.

Question 14

a single individual (like a yeast cell or an amoeba; see Figure 12.2a) is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes

Answer 14

asexual reproduction

Question 15

single-celled eukaryotic organisms can reproduce asexually by

Answer 15

mitotic cell division

Question 16

Some multicellular organisms are also capable of reproducing

Answer 16

asexually

Question 17

An individual that reproduces asexually gives rise to a __________ a group of genetically identical individuals.

Answer 17

clone

Question 18

Genetic differences occasionally arise in asexually reproducing organisms as a result of changes in the DNA called

Answer 18

mutations

Question 19

figure 13.2, video Hydra budding, animation asexual reproduction

Question 20

two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents.

Answer 20

sexual reproduction

Question 21

In contrast to a clone, offspring of sexual reproduction vary

Answer 21

genetically from their siblings and both parents