concentration Flashcards
concentration
concentration of a solution is how much dissolved solid there is in it.
concentration
concentration=mass of solid×volume of solution
reactivity of metals
metal atom forms a positive ion the more reactive it will be.
you see how quickly bubbles of hydrogen are formed.
more reactive the metal the faster the bubbles will form
reactivity of metals
very reactive metals e.g. potassium will react vigorously with water.
reactivity of metals
Less reactive metals e.g. iron won’t react much with cold water but will react with steam.
reactivity of metals
copper won’t react with either water or steam.
reactivity of metals
very reactive metals e.g. sodium will fizz wildly.
less reactive metals e.g. zinc will bubble abit.
unreactive metals e.g. copper will not react with dilute acids at all
extracting metals using electrolysis
metal are extracted from metal ores using electrolysis.the metal ores need to be melted so they’re a liquid.
extracting metals using electrolysis
ions will be free to move
extracting metals using electrolysis
once the metal ore is melted an electric current is passed through it.
atom
protons are heavy and positively charged.
neutrons are heavy and neutral.
electrons have hardly any mass and are negatively charged.
atom
the nucleus
it contains protons and neutrons.
it has a positive charge because of the protons.
atom
electrons move around the nucleus in electron shell.
negative charge.
electrons have a tiny mass.
ions
ions are charged particles.they can be a single particle or group of particles
atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions with a full outer shell.
ions
●negative ions = anions. when atoms gain electrons-they have more electrons then protons.
●positive ions = cations. form when atoms lose electrons-more protons than electrons.
ionic bonding
●metals and non metals react together.the metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions cations.
●non metals atom gain these electrons to form negative ion anions
ionic compounds
●ionic compound always have gaint lattice structures.
●there are very strong electrostatic forces of attractions between oppositely charged ions-these are ionic bonds.
ionic compounds
have high melting and boiling points-it takes lots of energy to break the strong attraction between the ions.
ionic compounds
●solid ionic compound don’t conduct electricity this is because the ions can’t move.
●when they’re free to move,they carry electric current.it happens when it dissolve in water.
metallic bonding
●metals have a gaint structure.
●they are made up of metal atoms in arranged in regular layers.
●there are strong forces of electrostatic attraction between positive metal ion and negative electrons.
