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COMs > COMs Exam Questions > Flashcards

COMs Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is Intrapersonal Communication?

A

The thoughts, feelings, and perceptions of individuals.

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2
Q

What does the Linear Model #1 Look like?

A

Sender–>Encoding–>Noise Barriers–>Message Channel–>Decoding–>Reciever

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3
Q

What does the Interactional Model look like?

A

Sender–>Receiver.

With Context/Environment and Interference/Noise/Barriers.

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4
Q

What does a Meaning Centered Model look like?

A

Person A and Person B have a shared area of meaning.

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5
Q

What does an Integrated or Shared Meaning Model look like?

A

Contains everything.
Context and Culture with noise barriers.
Perception, fields of experience.

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6
Q

3 main types of communication

A

Written
Oral
Non Verbal

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7
Q

What is Self-Concept?

A

Our perception of ourselves. It is what we perceive our personality, looks, beliefs, attributes, talents, faults, and weaknesses to be.

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8
Q

How does self concept develop?

A

Reflected Image
Comparison with others
Comparison against our own standards

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9
Q

What does the Johari Window look like?

A

Top Left: Public Area
Top Right: Blind Spot
Bottom Left: Hidden Area
Bottom Right: Unknown.

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10
Q

How to improve self-awareness

A

Pay attention to feedback
Self-disclosing
Consider your Johari Window

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11
Q

What is communication?

A

Communication is the process by which human beings interact with and relate to one another.

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12
Q

What is Perception?

A

The process by which we receive, understand, or interpret the messages we receive from the outside world.

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13
Q

What is the process of perception?

A

Stimulus–>Attention–>Organisation–>Interpretation/Evaluation

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14
Q

Principles of Perception:

A 
Based on Experience
Selective
Inferred
Highly Subjective
Depends on Context
Can be Deceptive
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15
Q

How does perception affect the way we communicate?

A

It can influence the way we receive a message.
The way we perceive the world affects the way we think and behave.
It can affect the impression we form of others.

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16
Q

What is Cognitive Dissonance?

A

When we encounter information from the outside world that doesn’t match our perceptions, we experience cognitive dissonance or conflicting understanding.

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17
Q

What are barriers to communication?

A

Anything that gets in the way of clear communication between sender and receiver.
(Physical, Emotional, Linguistic, Gender, Culture, etc)

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18
Q

What is Non-Verbal communication?

A

Body Language
Writing Structure and Layout
Physical Elements

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19
Q

Body Language Includes:

A 
Facial Expresssions
Occulesics
Kinesics
Posture
Orientation
Haptics
Paralanguage
Silence
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20
Q

What is Paralanguage?

A

How we speak.

Tone, Pitch, Volume, Speed or Pace, Pronunciation, Emphasis on Words

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21
Q

What is Proxemics?

A

Use of space in communication.

Intimate, Personal, Social, Public

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22
Q

What is Incongruence?

A

When elements don’t support each other. Non-Verbal communication contradicting verbal communication.

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23
Q

What is Globalisation?

A

The way the world has got “smaller” through trade and technology and the removal of barriers so we are all more connected.

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24
Q

What is Interpersonal Communication?

A

Communication between people.

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25
Q

What is Group/ Team work?

A

How you communicate and function within a group as opposed to one other person.

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26
Q

What is Public Communication?

A

One to many but not as many as mass media.

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27
Q

What is Intercultural/ Cross Cultural Communication?

A

Communication between different cultures.

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28
Q

What is a Sender?

A

The person who starts the interaction.

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29
Q

What is a Receiver?

A

The receiver of the interaction.

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30
Q

What is a Message?

A

What the sender actually communicated, whether that was intended or not.

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31
Q

What is an Impulse?

A

The reason the sender decided to communicate.

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32
Q

What is Encoding?

A

The actual words, gestures, symbols, examples etc that the sender uses to convey the message.

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33
Q

What is Context?

A

The interrelated conditions in which something exists or occurs.

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34
Q

What is Verbal or Oral Communication?

A

Spoken Words

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35
Q

What is Non-Verbal communication?

A

All of the unspoken stuff, eg body language, vocal clues, visual signs, environmental elements.

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36
Q

What is Body Language?

A

Messages sent by the body rather than the voice, eg the way you stand, gestures, facial gestures, actions, etc.

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37
Q

What are Barriers?

A

Patterns of thinking that stop effective communication.

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38
Q

What is Noise?

A

Anything that interferes with either the formation or delivery of the message can be a barrier.

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39
Q

What are Breakdowns?

A

The result of external or internal factors that interfere with the messages being received as they are intended.

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40
Q

What is Miscommunication?

A

What happens as a result of a breakdown.

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41
Q

What is a Channel/Medium?

A

The way that is chosen to send the message. It can be formal or informal.

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42
Q

What is Face to Face communication?

A

A channel with at least two people in view of each other and close enough to be heard.

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43
Q

What is a Telephone?

A

A channel usually involving listening and speaking but not sight.

44
Q

What is Electronic Media?

A

A channel using computer technology, eg cell phones and laptops.

45
Q

What is Mass Media?

A

A channel sending information from one to many with no specific targeted individual. (TV, Radio, Newspapers, Magazines, Movies, Websites)

46
Q

What is Written Communication?

A

A channel involving the written word, includes web.

47
Q

What does it mean to Decode?

A

The receiver processes or recognises the individual elements of the message to understand it.

48
Q

What is Feedback?

A

A response to a received message.

49
Q

What are Assumptions?

A

Things we think are true (even if they are not)

50
Q

What is Conditioning?

A

The influence of our upbringing by family, culture, society, and past experiences.

51
Q

What is Psychological?

A

To do with mental processes and behaviour

52
Q

What is Semantics?

A

To do with language and the meaning of words.

53
Q

What is Colloquial Language?

A

This is only appropriate for ordinary or informal conversation rather than formal speech or writing.

54
Q

What are gestures?

A

Form of non-verbal communication made with a part of the body used instead of or in combination with verbal communication.

55
Q

What is Body Posture?

A

The way a person holds their body when they stand or sit.

56
Q

What are Proxemics?

A

The use of space in interactions between people.

57
Q

What are Status Symbols?

A

Possesions which used to give off a message about a persons status or wealth

58
Q

What are Polychronic Cultures?

A

When people like to do many things at the same time and put people and their needs ahead of other things.

59
Q

What is Monochronic Culture?

A

Where one activity occurs at a time. (typically to conclusion).

60
Q

What are paralinguistics?

A

Vocal communications separate from the actual voice. Not just the words but how we use them.

61
Q

What is Culture?

A

All the ways of life that are passed down from generation to generation

62
Q

What is Acculturation?

A

Learning to adjust to another culture.

63
Q

What is Individualism?

A

The idea that individuals are more important than the group.

64
Q

What is Collectivism?

A

Shared goals and values are more important than individual ones.

65
Q

What is Cultural Awareness?

A

Being aware of other cultures and the differences..

66
Q

What is Cultural Sensitivity?

A

Being able to make someone from another culture feel accepted.

67
Q

What is Paraphrasing?

A

Repeating back to someone what they have said in your own words.

68
Q

What are closed questions?

A

Questions requiring a quick yes or no answer. This does not encourage interaction.

69
Q

What are open questions?

A

Asking how, what, why, where, etc to encourage deeper answers.

70
Q

What are rhetorical questions?

A

Questions that do not require an answer.

71
Q

What is Autocratic?

A

When power is concentrated in one person who doesn’t share ideas or responsibilities.

72
Q

What is Laissez Faire?

A

When the leader leaves the team to self manage.

73
Q

What is Democratic?

A

When everyone has a chance to have their say and help make a decision.

74
Q

What are Norms?

A

An agreed set of rules of behavior for the group.

75
Q

What is Synergy?

A

When people working together achieve more than working alone. The sum is greater than the parts.

76
Q

What are the stages of group evolution?

A

Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing

77
Q

In Group Evolution, what is Forming?

A

The team gets to know each other and rules are decided.

78
Q

In Group Evolution, what is Storming?

A

Members are more open and conflict can occur.

79
Q

In Group Evolution, what is Norming?

A

From conflict comes agreement and norms become accepted.

80
Q

In Group Evolution, what is Performing?

A

The team carries out their tasks to achieve their goal.

81
Q

What is Lateral Thinking?

A

Looking at a problem with a variety of approaches.

82
Q

What is Brainstorming?

A

A way to free up thinking by recording all ideas not matter what they are.

83
Q

What is Logic?

A

Uses reasoning, facts, and figures.

84
Q

What is Credibility?

A

Establishes why you should be listened to.

85
Q

What are Emotions.?

A

Using these to persuade others.

86
Q

What is Cultural Imperialism?

A

One country extends its power over another country through culture.

87
Q

What is Cultural Relatvism?

A

When we accept that each culture is different and has it’s own values, then we can communicate more effectively inter-culturally

88
Q

What is Collectivism?

A

Shared goals and values are promoted within a culture and being part of the ‘membership’ of the group is important.

89
Q

What is Individualism?

A

Individual values are more important than the group.

90
Q

What is High Context?

A

Often a feature of collective cultures.
Emphasis is placed on HOW things are said rather than WHAT is said.
Non-verbal communication is central to meaning.

91
Q

What is Low Context?

A

Often a feature of individualistic cultures.
Communication is oral and written so contracts are important.
More direct approach and more precise.

92
Q

What is High Power Distance?

A

Power is concentrated in a few people.

Rules keep it that way.

93
Q

What is Low Power Distance?

A

Power is distributed more evenly in the community.

94
Q

What are the FIVE stages of Listening?

A

Receiving–>Understanding–>Remembering–>Evaluating–>Responding (Circle)

95
Q

What is Hearing?

A

A response to sound waves stimulating the sensory receptors in the ears. Listening is a mental process when the brain becomes engaged.

96
Q

What is Attending?

A

We select only a few of all the stimuli around us. This requires effort so we only listen to parts of the message.

97
Q

What is Understanding?

A

Analyzing and taking meaning from the information we receive.

98
Q

What is Remembering?

A

Retaining what we hear in the short term to be able to respond to it.

99
Q

What is Evaluating?

A

When we sort fact from opinion, determine bias, and weigh up the value of the message.

100
Q

What is Responding?

A

Providing verbal or non verbal feedback. It helps the sender check for understanding and increases the involvement of both parties in the communication.

101
Q

What is the acronym for listening effectively?

A

AER
Attend
Encourage
Research

102
Q

What are the 8 types of Listening?

A

Passive, Participatory, Surface, Deep, Objective, Empathic, Critical, Non-Judgemental

103
Q

Four key points to giving effective feedback.

A

Immediate
Specific or descriptive
Mindful of others feelings
Direct and Honest

104
Q

How to answer interview questions.

A

STAR
Situation or Task
Action
Results

105
Q

What is Organisational Communication?

A

The Interaction that co-ordinates the activities of the organisation.

106
Q

What does Assertive mean?

A

Positive; Direct, open, and honest. Appropriate without infringing on the rights of others.

107
Q

What does Aggressive mean?

A

Using Power; Verbal or physical, manipulating for own gain. Violating rights of others.

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