Computing Year 8 End of Year Exam

Question 1

What does a strong password consist of?

Answer 1

Between 10 and 15 characters as hackers can hack passwords shorter than this in under 4 hrs
A mixture of numbers, lowercase and uppercase characters and symbols as it makes it harder to guess.

Question 2

What is black and white box testing

Answer 2

In black box testing, testers are give n no information about company they’re testing have to try and hack
In white box testing testers are given ‘insider’ information in order to see how much damage employees could do to systems.

Question 3

What are black hat and white hat hackers?

Answer 3

Black hat - Hackers with criminal intent
White-hat - Ethical hackers that are employed to find faults in systems

Question 4

What are grey hat hackers?

Answer 4

Grey hats - Frequently seek out system vulnerabilities without authorisation from system owners and then those are reported to the company for a ransom fee or are broadcasted on the internet.

Question 5

What is malware

Answer 5

Short for malicious software - computer programs designed to infiltrate and damage computers

Question 6

What is adware

Answer 6

Any software application in which advertising banners are displayed. Its justification is that it helps recover programming costs and it keeps software ‘free’ for the user.

Question 7

What is spyware

Answer 7

Unwanted software that infiltrates computing device, stealing sensitive information. Classified as a type of malware.

Question 8

What is phishing?

Answer 8

An online scam in which a victim receives a realistic-looking email e.g. from a bank with a link that can be used by the criminal to collect sensitive information

Question 9

What is blagging?

Answer 9

Phycological techniques used by criminals to make a user more likely to act through the use of impersonation of friends or family.

Question 10

What is shouldering?

Answer 10

Physically observing people putting in sensitive information into computers in order to gain that information e.g. looking at someone when they put their pin in at a cashpoint.

Question 11

What is brute force?

Answer 11

A hacking method that uses trial and error to gain access to an account through guessing a password.

Question 12

What is a virus?

Answer 12

A piece of malicious software that destroys computers and spreads between computers on a data system if accidently downloaded

Question 13

What are worms?

Answer 13

A piece of malware that duplicates itself across many devices while remaining active on the original infected device

Question 14

What are trojans?

Answer 14

A legitimate-looking piece of software that can take control of computers.

Question 15

What are bots?

Answer 15

Software applications that are programmed to do certain tasks e.g. befriending someone in an online game.

Question 16

What is a firewall?

Answer 16

A security system that monitors and controls incoming network traffic on a computer, preventing it from being hacked.

Question 17

How to add binary numbers

Answer 17

Set up the problem vertically, and add the digits in the ones place. Since you are only adding two digits, the possible sum is either 0, 1, or 2. If the sum is 0, write a 0 in the answer’s ones place. If the sum is 1, write a 1 in the answer’s ones place. If the sum is 2, write a 0 in the answer’s ones place, and carry a 1 into the twos column.[6]
For example, if adding 0111 and 1110, for the ones column you would add 1 one plus 0 ones = 1, so place a 1 in the answer’s ones column.

Question 18

How to read binary?

Answer 18

Look a the different places, if there’s a one it means the number contains that value. If there’s a 0, it doesn’t contain the value. Each place value doubles in size.

Question 19

How to convert from binary to hexadecimal:

Answer 19

Split binary into blocks of four and convert each block to normal decimal system. If each block is 9 or lower, give it a normal letter however if it’s above 9 give it letter from A(11) to F(15).