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Computers & Electronics > Computing > Flashcards

Computing Flashcards

1
Q

OSI Network Protocol Layers

A 
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
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2
Q

Computer system - Definiton

A

A computer system accepts data (in many forms)
Processes the data
Produces an output (information in many forms)

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3
Q

Hardware

A

Is the physical computer with its peripherals such as monitor, keyboards and printers

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4
Q

Software

A

Are the programs running on the hardware

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5
Q

Data

A

Consists of the real world items represented on the computer such as text, pictures, sounds and documents

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6
Q

Information

A

Consists of processed data

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7
Q

The CPU

A

(Central Processing Unit)

The main task of the processed is to process (computer) raw data and produce the desired result

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8
Q

Primary Storage (RAM)

A

Temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing

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9
Q

Secondary storage (Hard Disk)

A

Devices that store data and programs when they are not being used in processing

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10
Q

Input devices

A

Keyboard, scanner, mouse, microphone, digital camera/web cam

Takes data and converts them into electronic form for input into the computer

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11
Q

Output Devices

A

Screen, printer, speaker, webcam

Converts electronic data produced by the computer system and display them in a dorm that people can understand

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12
Q

Communication Devices

A

Network, WiFi…

Provide connection between the computer and communications networks

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13
Q

System Buses

A

Buses (wires) are the channels through which electronic impulses travel from one component to another. In a three bus system, buses are specialised for Data, Adress, and Control signals.

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14
Q

Memory Hierarchy Levels

A

Fastest

Registers
Caches
Memory
Disk
Tape

Largest

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15
Q

What does memory store

A

Stores data and assembly instructions

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16
Q

Registers

A

Temporary storage containers used inside the CPU
Extremely fast
Fixed size, usually multiples of 8-bits

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17
Q

Virtual memory

A

If program is too big for memory (RAM) then the hard drive is used (disk) to store data temporarily

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18
Q

Cache

A 
Slower than registers
Faster than RAM
Located in front of main RAM
Different levels of cache
(Level 1 (L1) Level 2 (L2))
Size: 4 to 8 MB
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19
Q

Memory Access Method: Direct Access

A

Also known as Random Access
No need to go through other data to get the data you want
We already know where the data is
Example: REGISTERS, CACHE, RAM

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20
Q

Memory Access Method: Sequential Access

A

Also known as Serial-Access
Data is stored in some sequential fashion
To get your data, you need to go through other data in front of it

Example:
fast forwarding a cassette tape

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21
Q

What is located in CPU?

A

Registers
Control Unit
Arithmetic & Logic Unit

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22
Q

What is located in Memory?

A

RAM
RAM
More RAM…

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23
Q

What is a Bit

A

1 bit is one binary digit of information

A bit can take only the value of 0 or the value of 1

Bits usually come in eights

An 8 digit binary number is called a byte

24
Q

1KByte

A

1000 Bytes (10^3 Bytes)

25
Q

1MByte

A

1,000,000 Bytes (10^6 Bytes)

26
Q

1GBytes

A

1,000,000,000 Bytes (10^9 Bytes)

27
Q

1TByte

A

1,000,000,000,000 Bytes (10^12 Bytes)

28
Q

1KiBytes

A

1024 or 2^10 bytes

29
Q

1MiByte

A

2^20 bytes

30
Q

1GiByte

A

2^30 Bytes

31
Q

1 TiByte

A

2^40 Bytes

32
Q

CPU Instruction Set - CISC

A

Complex Instruction Set Coding

Used in earlier x86 family processors

Huger number of rarely used isn’t ructions tended to be too complicated
Processors were down and used a lot of power making them hot

33
Q

CPU Instruction Set - RISC

A

Reduced Instruction Set Coding

A much smaller set of generic instructions are implemented which are used in combination to produce complex outcomes

Results in smaller chips which can be faster and dissipate far less heat

34
Q

Von Neumann Model weaknesses

A

The program and data code uses the same channel slowing things down.

35
Q

Harvard Architecture

A

The memory registers used for storing the program instructions is separate from those used for data

Two sets of addresses and data buses are used between the CPU and memory

This has some advantages and some disadvantages

36
Q

Von Neumann Architecture

A

Simple way of designing a stored program computer

Use the same electronic store for both instruction and data and route all transfers of any kind of variable through CPU

Simplifies the construction, but slows things down limiting the speed which information can be moved

37
Q

What is a protocol?

A

A set of rules

38
Q

What is a Communications Protocol?

A

Definite formal order of messages that are exchanged between two communicating devices

39
Q 
All
People
Seem
To
Need
Data
Processing
A 
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
40
Q

OSI MODEL: Layer 1 (Physical)

A

Responsible to transmitting raw bits of data down a physical connection

41
Q

OSI MODEL: Layer 2 (Data Link)

A

Responsible for transmission of data frames over a single physical link

42
Q

OSI MODEL: Layer 3 (Network)

A

Responsible for transmitting packets over the emigre network or inter-network

43
Q

OSI MODEL: Layer 4 (Transport)

A

Responsible for providing a reliable data transmission service over the network

End to end communication

44
Q

OSI MODEL: Layer 6 (Presentation)

A

(Optional layer)

Provides s further abstraction the session layer that provides useful transformations for the data

45
Q

OSI MODEL: Layer 5 (Session)

A

This layer j flyers any optional protocols and services on top of a simple Transport Layer

46
Q

OSI MODEL: Layer 7 (Applicstion)

A

Provides services directly to users of the OSI environment

47
Q

Why are protocols layered?

A

Network Software is complex

Promotes re-usability

Allows network independence

48
Q

TCP/IP Model

A

Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Network Interface Layer

49
Q

IP over everything… And everything over IP

A

Maintain IP-layer transparency

IP will run on any link layer and any service will run on IP layer

50
Q

Transport Control Protocol (TCP)

A

Deals with providing reliable transport on a network

51
Q

Internet Protocol (IP)

A

Deals with addressing data to its final destination

52
Q

IP Addressing

A

Each devise on an IP network must have an IP address:

Two parts:

  • Network ID: identify the sub-network to which a host is attached
  • Host ID: identify a unique host on that sub-network
53
Q

Lossless Data Compression

A

Can be restored perfectly to its original form

54
Q

Lossy Compression

A

Non significant data can be discarded reducing file size

55
Q

File types for Lossy Compression

A

JPEG

Music

Computers & Electronics (3 decks)

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