Computers UK—IGCSE UNIT 1 Flashcards
Is the binary system a high-level language or low-level language?
Low Level Language
Is hexadecimal a high-level language or a low-level language?
Low-Level Language
Give an example of a high-level language.
Answers might include: C++, JavaScript, Python, etc.
What is the main function of a logic gate?
Controlling the flow of electricity in a computer system
What is the main function of a register?
Temporary storage of data in a computer system
What are the four rules of Binary Addition?
- 0+0=0
- 1+0=1
- 1+1=10 (10 in binary is 2)
- 1+1+1=11 (11 in binary is 3)
What is 10010100+00011110? (Remember to practice more questions like this)
10110010
What is an overflow error?
When a number larger than a register can store is generated.
What happens when a logical binary shift to the left is performed?
The value doubles.
What happens when a logical binary shift to the right is performed?
The value halves.
What is the purpose of two’s complement?
To represent negative binary numbers
How is the method of two’s complement carried out?
First, you invert all the values (change the 1s to 0s and 0s to 1s)
Next, you add 1 to the result
What are the two main types of character set that a computer can use?
ASCII and Unicode
What is a pixel?
A small dot of colour that is displayed with many others to create an image
What is resolution?
The dimensions of an image
What is colour depth?
The number of bits used to create each colour in an image
What is sample rate?
Number of samples taken in a second
What is sample resolution?
Number of bits used to record each sample
How many bits are in a nibble?
4
How many bits are in a byte?
8
How many bytes are in a Kibibyte?
1024
What are all the Data measuring units we need to know?
-Bit
-Nibble
-Byte
-Kibibyte (KiB)
-Mebibyte (MiB)
-Gibibyte (GiB)
-Tebibyte (TiB)
-Pebibyte (PiB)
-Exbibyte (EiB)
What is compression used for?
Reducing the size of a file
What is the difference between lossy compression and lossless compression?
Lossy compression reduces the size of a file by permanently removing data, while lossless compression reduces the size of a file by temporarily altering the data.
What is the purpose of perceptual music shaping?
Removing sounds that aren’t normally heard by the human ear
What does RLE (run length encoding) do?
Groups together repeating pixels and stores how many times they occur
