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N5 Computing Science > Computer systems/section 1.5 > Flashcards

Computer systems/section 1.5 Flashcards

1
Q

Denary numbers

A

Base 10, uses digits 0 - 9

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2
Q

Binary numbers

A

Base 2, uses digits 0 and 1

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3
Q

8-bit binary

A

8 digits, where 255 is the maximum denary value an 0 is the minimum

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4
Q

The mantissa

A

The significant figures of the actual digits of the number

e.g. in 0.2345 x 1o^5, 2345 is the mantissa

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5
Q

Exponent

A

In 10^n, n is the exponent; tells you how many places to move the decimal point in the mantissa

e.g. in 0.2345 x 10^5, 5 is the exponent

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6
Q

Bitmap graphic

A

A 2D array of pixels

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7
Q

Resolution

(In a bitmap graphic)

A

The total number of pixels in an image

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8
Q

Bit depth

(In a bitmap graphic)

A

Defines the number of colours available

e.g. 8-bit is a bit depth, means there are 2^8, or 256, colours

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9
Q

Higher resolutions means…

A

better quality but greater file size

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10
Q

Lower resolution means…

A

lower file size but poorer quality

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11
Q

How are bitmap graphics stored?

A

Each pixel is stored as a binary value

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12
Q

Vector graphics

A

A list of attributes that are used by the computer to create images

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13
Q

Scaling vector graphics…

A

does not affect resolution, so quality is unaffected

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14
Q

You can layer vector graphics…

A

without affecting what is underneath

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15
Q

File size for vector graphics is ____ than bitmap graphics

A

smaller

unless there are lots of complex shapes

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16
Q

Common file format for vector graphics

A

SVG

Scalable Vector Graphic

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17
Q

Objects in vector graphics

A

Rectangle, ellipse, line, polygon

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18
Q

Vector attributes

A

Co-ordinates, fill colour, line colour

19
Q

CPU

A

Central processing unit, handles all instructions that make hardware and software run normally

20
Q

ALU

A

Responsible for arithmetic (add, subtract etc.) and logical operations (AND, OR etc.)
Calculating brain of the CPU, processes the data

Arithmetic logic unit

21
Q

Calculating brain of the CPU

A

ALU/Arithmetic Logic Unit

22
Q

CU

A

Controls the operations of the processor, decodes the program instructions, manages other parts of the CPU to carry out instructions

Control Unit

23
Q

Registers

A

Storage locations for data being processed by the CPU, and instructions that are being executed

24
Q

Storage location for data being processed by the CPU, and instructions that are being executed

A

Registers

25
Q

ACC (Accumulator)

A

Stores intermediate results of calculations

Type of register

26
Q

Type of register that stores intermediate results of calculations

A

ACC/Accumulator

27
Q

Program Counter (PC)

A

Holds the memory address of the next instruction that should be executed

Type of register

28
Q

Type of register that holds the memory address of the next instruction that should be executed

A

Program Counter/PC

29
Q

Memory Address Register (MAR)

A

Holds the address of the data being accessed in memory

Type of register

30
Q

Type of register that holds the address of the data being accessed from memory

A

Memory Address Register/MAR

31
Q

Memory Data Register (MDR)

A

Holds the data that has been fetched from memory

Type of register

32
Q

Type of register that holds the data that has been fetched from memory

A

Memory Data Register/MDR

33
Q

Current Instruction Register (CIR)

A

Holds the current instruction being executed, splits the operation into what to do and where to do it

Type of register

34
Q

Type of register that holds the current instruction being executed

A

Current Instruction Register (CIR)

35
Q

RAM

A

When a program is running, the data that will be processed is temporarily stored in the RAM, until the data is needed by the processor

36
Q

When a program is closed…

RAM

A

The data held in RAM is deleted

37
Q

When the computer shuts down…

RAM

A

RAM completely clears

38
Q

Buses

A

Systems of electrical pathways that carry data to and from the other parts of the processor, as well as between the processor and other components

39
Q

Data bus

A

Carries the data being processed

40
Q

Address bus

A

Carries the addresses of data and instructions, so that data can be sent and recieved to/from the right location

41
Q

Control bus

A

Carries the control signals from the Control Unit to manage computer operations

42
Q

Carries the data being processed

A

Data bus

43
Q

Carries the addresses of data and instructions, so that data can be sent and recieved to/from the right location

A

Address bus

44
Q

Carries the control signals from the Control Unit to manage computer operations

A

Control bus

N5 Computing Science (4 decks)

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