Computer Systems Fundamentals Flashcards
What is a Computer
A computer is a programmable electronic device that can process, store, and manipulate data to perform various tasks according to instructions provided by the user or pre-defined programs
Fundamentals of Computer
1.)Binary: Binary is the language that computers understand, made up of only two digits: 0 and 1. Understanding binary is crucial because all computer data and instructions are ultimately represented in binary form.
Approach to learning: Start by understanding the concept of place value in binary (powers of 2). Practice converting decimal numbers to binary and vice versa. Visual aids like binary charts and exercises can help solidify understanding.
2.)CPU (Central Processing Unit): The CPU is the brain of the computer. It executes instructions stored in memory, performs calculations, and manages data movement.
Approach to learning: Learn about the basic components of a CPU (control unit, arithmetic logic unit, registers) and their functions. Understand how instructions are fetched, decoded, and executed. Simple diagrams and videos explaining CPU operations can be helpful.
3.)Memory (RAM): RAM (Random Access Memory) stores data and instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly. It’s volatile, meaning it loses its contents when the power is turned off.
Approach to learning: Learn about the hierarchy of memory (RAM, cache, disk storage) and their respective roles. Understand how data is stored in RAM and accessed by the CPU. Simulate simple memory operations on paper or using online tools.
4.)Storage (Hard Disk Drive, Solid State Drive): Storage devices like HDDs and SSDs store data permanently. They retain data even when the power is turned off.
Approach to learning: Learn about the differences between HDDs and SSDs in terms of speed, durability, and technology. Understand how data is stored magnetically in HDDs and electronically in SSDs. Visualize data storage mechanisms through diagrams and animations.
5.)Operating System: The operating system is software that manages computer hardware and provides common services for computer programs.
Approach to learning: Start by understanding the basic functions of an operating system (process management, memory management, file system, user interface). Experiment with different operating systems (e.g., Windows, Linux) to see how they work and how they differ. Tutorials and online courses on operating system basics can provide structured learning.
6.)Networking: Networking involves connecting computers and devices to share resources and information.
Approach to learning: Begin by understanding basic networking concepts like IP addresses, protocols, and network topologies. Set up a simple home network or use network simulation tools to visualize how data flows between devices. Practice troubleshooting network issues to gain practical experience.
7.)Algorithms and Data Structures: Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for solving problems, while data structures are ways of organizing and storing data.
Approach to learning: Start with basic algorithms and data structures like arrays, linked lists, and sorting algorithms. Implement them in a programming language of your choice to see how they work in practice. Solve algorithmic problems on platforms like LeetCode or HackerRank to reinforce understanding.
8.)Computer Architecture: Computer architecture is the design and organization of computer systems.
Approach to learning: Study the basic components of a computer system (CPU, memory, I/O devices) and how they interact. Learn about different CPU architectures (e.g., von Neumann vs. Harvard architecture) and their characteristics. Hands-on projects like building a simple CPU simulator can deepen understanding.
Components of Computer System
Motherboard
CPU
GPU
RAM
Storage device
What is CPU?
Central Processing Unit is the brain of a computer that executes instructions stored in the memory, performs calculations and manages data movement
Components of CPU
Arithmetic and logical unit
Control unit
Memory unit
What is computer memory
Memory is the electronic holding place for the instructions and data a computer needs to reach quickly
Difference between RAM and ROM
RAM - Temporary storage of data
ROM - Permanent storage of system data
RAM - Faster access for quick retrieval of data
ROM - Slower access, since system data doesn’t change often
RAM - Higher storage capacity
ROM - Lower storage capacity
What is Operating System
Operating System is a system software that manages the computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs
Functions of OS
Process management
Memory management
File system management
Device management
Security and privacy
What is Network Protocol?
Network Protocols are a set of rules outlining how connected devices communicate across a network to exchange information easily and safely
Types of Network Protocols
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Secure (HTTPS)
Post Office Protocol (POP)
File Transfer Protocol ( FTP)
