Computer Systems Flashcards
Program counter Register
Contains address of next instruction to be executed
stack pointer register
contains the address of the last executed instruction
Instruciton pointer register
contains the addres of the current instruction being executed
accumulator register
contrains the results of arithmetic and logic operations
Microprocessor
single IC whcih accepts and executes code instructions for data processing and controlling associated comuter circuitry. similar to a CPU
Microcomputer
An interconnected group of IC input outputs, mem systems, used for data processing and other applications
microcontroller
and integrated system of a single integrated circuit containing microprocessors. IO divides and mem systems.
RHIC
reduced instruction set computer simple and iptimized set of instructions
CISC
Complex instruciton set computer
ADD R5
an example of immediate addressing mode
what does ADD R5 #6 do
add the constant 6 to Register 5
what does LOAD R4, (R5) do
loads the content in pointer R5 into R4
indirect addressing
pointer
immediate addressing
constants
direct addressing
static data
auto indexed addressing
loops
multithreading
allows simultaneous execution of multiple threads(subset within a process)
single core processors
use time-division multiplexing to provide multiplexing
multicore processors
can provide true multithreading without multiplexing
examples of sequential access storage devices
cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs
Flash memory is an example of
Random access storage device
cache memoryu
Low capacity, but very high speed,
used for frequently used data
Secondary memory storage device
something like a DVD. Nonvolatile and cant be accesed directly by the PC
primary memory storage device
volatile and can be accessed directly
PROM
Programamble read only memory(can be programmed once)
EPROM
erasable programmable read-only memory can be erased using UV light.
EEPROM
electrically erasable programmable read only memoryu can be erased electrically
bit byte and nibble
Bit = 1 digit Byte = 8 digits Nibble = 4 digits
total number of address bits needed for cache memory
depends on total memory
totalmem = 2^x
x = bits
block offset for 512bytes
- log(2) of 2^9
- 9 bits is the offset.
512 = 2^9
learn calculations in the handout
ok pleb
total number of tag bits
tag bits = address bits - index bits - block offset bits
RAM
random access memory, typically volotile and loads BIOS on boot
ROM
Nonvolatile memory used to store BIOS pre booting of the computer
USB
secondary memory device
Encryption
data conversion process which prevents unauthorized access.
encoding
data transformation process whcih involves changing data format for use in a different system
Decoding
the opposite of encoding
Hashing
using a hash table to convert a string into a much smaller unique representaiton
computer architecture
describes teh logical and fx design of a computer syutem including its instruction sets, registers, addressing mode, etc. HIGH LEVEL issues
computer organization
deals with low level issuyes, talks about structure and connection of various components
CPU
central processing unit
- responsible for decoding and executing instructions
cosnists of ALU and CU and registers set array
ALU
arithmetic logic unit, does adding subtracting and other stuff
CU
control unit coordinates operations between ALU and memory and other stuff
registers
used for super small and fast data memory
BUS
provides communication path between CPU and peripheral devices
DATA BUSq
bidirectional bus carrying data/instructions between CPU and peripheral devices.
ADDRESS bus
allows CPU to address memory locations, unidirectional and only carries addresses.
control Bus
bidirectional bus that carries primary command/control timing signals
width of a data bus
determines the amount of data transferred per unit time
wider = more data.
