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X Nat5 Computing > Computer Systems > Flashcards

Computer Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the first 8 column heading of binary?

A

128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1

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2
Q

How many bits are in a byte?

A

8

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3
Q

How many bytes are in a kilobyte

A

1024

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4
Q

How many kilobytes are in a megabyte

A

1024

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5
Q

How many megabytes are in a gigabyte

A

1024

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6
Q

How many gigabytes are in a terabyte

A

1024

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7
Q

How do you remember the order of bits, bytes, etc…

A

Big
Boys
Kiss
My
Girly
Toes

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8
Q

What is the order for bits, bytes, etc…

A

Bit
Byte
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte

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9
Q

What is 3 in 3x10^8

A

Mantissa

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10
Q

What is 10 in 3x10^8

A

Base

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11
Q

What is ^8 in 3x10^8

A

Exponent

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12
Q

How would you acquire more precision in floating point numbers?

A

increasing the bits in the mantissa

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13
Q

How would you acquire more range in floating point numbers?

A

Increasing the bits used to represent the exponent

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14
Q

What is ASCII?

A

An 8 bit code where each character is given its own ASCII code.

The 8 bits provide 256 possible values for text

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15
Q

Define vector graphics

A

Vector graphics contain a number of individual objects grouped toghter to make an image

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16
Q

How would one describe vector graphics?

A

Objects which are described mathematically to the computer

Images are drawn the the best possible resolution of the output device

Each object is independent of the others

They exist within their own layer

The size of the file increases in relation to the amount of objects in the image

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17
Q

Define Bitmap

A

Bitmap representation of graphics mean that each pixel on a graphic is represented by a series of bits

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18
Q

What is meant by bit depth?

A

The more bits assigned to represent each pixel the greater the colours or shades of grey that can be represented

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19
Q

The larger the bit depth the _____ file size

A

larger

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20
Q

The smaller the bit depth the _____ file size

A

smaller

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21
Q

What are advantages of bitmap?

A

They allow the user to edit at pixel level

Storing a bit mapped graphic will take the same amount of space no matter how complex you make there graphic

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22
Q

What are disadvantages of bitmap?

A

They demand lots of storage particularly when lots of colours are used.

The quality of the image can change if the resolution is changed in which pixels would be eliminated when enhanced

You cannot isolate an individual object and edit it

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23
Q

What goes through the processor?

A

Input
ROM
RAM
Backing storage

24
Q

Does ROM’s arrow go:
into the processor,
from the processor,
Both

A

into the processor

25
Q

Does RAM’s arrow go:
into the processor,
from the processor,
Both

A

Both

26
Q

Does Inputs’s arrow go:
into the processor,
from the processor,
Both

A

into the processor

27
Q

Does outputs arrow go:
into the processor,
from the processor,
Both

A

from the processor

28
Q

Does Backing Storages arrow go:
into the processor,
from the processor,
Both

A

Both

29
Q

When you are using the computer, all the data you are working on will be in the computers _____

A

RAM

30
Q

What’s special about all information stored in RAM?

A

It can be read from and changed

31
Q

When i switch the computer off, everything that was currently being stored in _____ will be lost.

A

RAM

32
Q

Is this statement true or false?
RAM is backing storage

A

false

33
Q

Is this statement true or false?
RAM is not backing storage

A

True

34
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random
Access
Memory

35
Q

What does ROM stand for?

A

Read
Only
Memory

36
Q

Information stored in _____ can only be read, it can not be changed in any way

A

ROM

37
Q

When you switch an computer off, all information currently stored in _____ is not lost

A

ROM

38
Q

True or false?
ROM is backing storage

A

False

39
Q

True or false?
ROM is not backing storage

A

True

40
Q

What is the unit for the speed a processor is measured in?

A

Gigahertz (GHz)

41
Q

What is a processor?

A

A microchip that controls everything that happens in a computer

42
Q

What are the 3 main components of a processor?

A

Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
Control Unit
Registers

43
Q

What happens in the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?

A

Calculations
Boolean logic (AND, OR, NOT)
Comparisons

44
Q

What is the purpose of the Control Unit?

A

It sends out control signals:
- Within the processor to move data from one register to another and to activate ALU functions.
- To the control bus to read or write from memory
- To input/output models

45
Q

What is the purpose of registers?

A

Registers are storage locations that are internal to the processor and are used to:
- Hold data that is being transferred to or from memory
- Hold the address of the location in memory which the processor is accessing to read or write data
- Hold the instructions that are being carried out

46
Q

What’s the function of the Data Bus?

A
  • The lines on the data bus allow data to be transferred between processor and main memory
  • Each line can carry one bit and it’s width can be measured in the number of lines
  • The width of data bus determines how well a system will perform
47
Q

What’s the function of the Address Bus?

A
  • It hold the address of the memory location needing to be accessed
  • The more lines in the address bus the more locations the system can theoretically access
  • The maximum number of locations the system can access is 2width of the address bus
48
Q

What is Machine Code?

A

Programs (where the instructions are made up of binary numbers) that run very fast but are difficult for humans to understand

49
Q

What is a High Level Language?

A
  • Code which is written to make it easy for the programmer to understand.
  • High level language describes any language that uses English commands. e.g. Print/repeat
  • This slows the computer down as it has to translate the High Level Language into machine code
50
Q

What are the two translators?

A

Compilers
Interpreters

51
Q

What do compilers do?

A
  • The whole program is translated into machine core at once creating a new file
  • The object code can be executed as many times as needed without having to translate again
  • If a syntax error the code won’t run
52
Q

What do interpreters do?

A
  • The whole program is translated and executed line by line without saving the results
  • The code can be translated in various platforms if translators are used
  • The interpreter will run parts of the code if there is a syntax error
53
Q

How do we reduce our carbon footprint?

A
  • Buying green computers and peripherals
  • Switching off computers/monitors when they are not in use
  • Setting computers, monitors, hard disk drives and peripherals to energy saving modes
54
Q

What is a firewall?

A

A system used to protect networks from intruders by controlling what data can pass through the firewall

55
Q

What does encryption do?

A

Encryption involves scrambling a message and putting it into a code meaning if it’s intercepted it can’t be read

56
Q

Is main memory small or
big in terms of storage

A

According to that test, small

57
Q

Is RAM small or
big in terms of storage

A

According to that test, big

X Nat5 Computing (3 decks)

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