Computer Systems

Question 1

What do computers store all data as?

Answer 1

Binary numbers (base 2, 1s and 0s)

Question 2

How are integers stored

Answer 2

Twos complement

Question 3

Range of positive integers?

Answer 3

2^n‐¹ -1

Question 4

Range of negative integers

Answer 4

-2^n‐¹

Question 5

How do you know if binary is positive or negative?

Answer 5

Most significant bit (MSB) 0=POSITIVE 1=NEGATIVE

Question 6

How are real numbers stored?

Answer 6

Using floating point representation

Question 7

Mattissa determines what?

Answer 7

The accuracy of the number

Question 8

Exponent determines what?

Answer 8

The range of the number

Question 9

Increasing the number of bits for the Mantissa and decreasing the number of bits for the exponent does what?

Answer 9

Increases accuracy but decreases range

Question 10

Unicode advantages?

Answer 10

Represents a large variety of languages including emojis UTF-16 HAS 65 536 characters UTF-32 HAS over 4 mill

Question 11

Unicode disadvantage?

Answer 11

Takes up double the storage

Question 12

Bitmap advantages

Answer 12

1. Able to edit at pixel level
2. Realistic images
3. Same appearance in all systems regardless of hardware or software.

Question 13

Bitmap disadvantage?

Answer 13

1. Scaling causes pixelization
2. Only the image can be edited.
3. Difficult to convert to vector formats.
4. File sizes can be large.

Question 14

Vector graphic advantages

Answer 14

1. Individual objects can be easily edited
2. Smaller files
3. Can be scaled to large sizes, keeping quality.

Question 15

Vector graphic disadvantages?

Answer 15

1. Unable to edit on pixel level
2. Unrealistic images
3. Resolution dependent

Question 16

Bit depth

Answer 16

Number of bits used to store each pixel in a image

Question 17

Fetch execute cycle

Answer 17

1. The processor sets up the address bus with the required address.
2. The processor activates the read line on the control bus.
3. An instruction is fetched from the memory location by the data bus and is stored in the Instruction register.
4. The instruction in the instruction register is interpreted by the processor, decoded and carried out.

Question 18

Number of cores

Answer 18

More cores the more instructions the processor can process

Question 19

Width of the data bus

Answer 19

By increasing the data bus from 32 to 64 wires the computer can transfer twice as much info at one time

Question 20

Cache Memory

Answer 20

Small fast accessible memory. the processor checks the cache before the main memory for data or instructions

Question 21

Clock speed

Answer 21

Clock pulses are used to trigger components to take their next step. The higher clock speed, the faster the computer completes a set of instructions. but at the cost of increased power consumption and overheating

Question 22

Heating system

Answer 22

Knows when the house is empty so turns off heating, checks weather forecast.
zoning GPS data
reduces co2

Question 23

traffic control

Answer 23

transport emits 25% of co2 emissions.
Adaptive traffic signals
intelligent routing systems

Question 24

Car management

Answer 24

Start/stop system
Air to fuel ratio

Question 25

Computer Missuse Act 1990

Answer 25

Unauthorised access to computer material6 months
unauthorised access with intent to commit or facilitate a crime 5yr
unauthorised modification of computer material 5yr

Question 26

Tracking Cookies

Answer 26

A tracking cookie is a small data file created when you access a website. Tracks web browsing data about you so it can target ads at you. Can pose a risk as the TC can be sell your account details and data to a 3rd party company

Question 27

DOS symptoms

Answer 27

inability to access or slow performance

Question 28

DOS effect

Question 29

DOS COST AND REASON

Question 30

DOS TYPE

Question 31

Bandwidth consumption

Answer 31

Bandwidth consumption is when a flood of requests fills the connection up to its limit so no other requests can get through. The effect only lasts as long as the attack is maintained.

Question 32

Resource starvation

Answer 32

is when the requests take up a few other resources, like disk space until the server runs out and is no longer able to function correctly

Question 33

DNS Dmain name service

Answer 33

These attack the servers that route internet traffic so it can impact multiple websites. It also can lead to congestion and consumption of bandwidth.

Question 34

Encryption key

Question 35

Public key

Question 36

PRibate key

Question 37

Sym

Answer 37

An encryption method in which the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt a message

Question 38

DIgital cert

Answer 38

A digital version of passport that confirms the identity of a person or organisation. This allows individuals and companies to feel secure in exchanging information as they can confirm each other’s identities.

Question 39

Digital signature

Answer 39

Is an electronic siganture that is used to validate the identity of the person sending a message or the integrity of a document

Question 40

digi sig

Answer 40

A digital signature is a method of ensuring that a message is authentic (unaltered).

You obtain a message hash (A mathematical summary of the contents of the message).
You can encrypt this message hash (this time with the private key as this has to be private - hence the private key).
This ‘signature’ is attached to a message.