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Computing GCSE > Computer Systems > Flashcards

Computer Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

overflow

A

the calculation goes over the amount of bits the computer can deal with

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2
Q

Binary

A

A way of representing information using only two options.

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3
Q

Hexademical

A

easier to read as a human

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4
Q

ASCII

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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5
Q

extended ASCII

A

8 bit which can code for all foreign characters

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6
Q

Unicode

A

can fit all language characters and more

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7
Q

colour depth

A

the number of available colours is 2^(n)

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8
Q

Image file size (bits)

A

Image size (area) x colour depth

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9
Q

Sampling

A

converting analog sound to digital sound

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10
Q

Sample rate

A

the number of samples taken per second

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11
Q

Bit depth (sound)

A

how many bits is used

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12
Q

Sound file size (in bits)

A

Sample rate x Bit depth x Time running (seconds)

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13
Q

compression

A

reducing file size

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14
Q

Lossy compression

A

Losses bits of data by using abstraction and then filling in with what it predicts

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15
Q

Lossless compression

A

No data is lost. Repeats recurring information

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16
Q

Huffman tree

A

A tree having the nodes representing symbols as the leaves, with more frequent symbols having nodes progressively closer to the root. The most frequent symbols are the closest to the root node. Note that internal nodes cannot represent symbols.

The edges connecting children to parents are either 0 or 1. Convention must be established (e.g., left children have 0s, right children have 1s).

The code for a symbol is built from 0s and 1s along the path from the root down to the desired symbol.

Codes must be prefix free.

abc:7

/ \

ab:3 c:4

/ \

a:1 b:2

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17
Q

Run Length Encoding (RLE)

A

wbbw becomes 1w2b1w

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18
Q

System Software

A

System that manages the operation of the computer (controls hardware)

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19
Q

Embedded system

A

Coded for 1 purpose (washing machine)

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20
Q

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

A

Where data processing takes place

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21
Q

FDE (Fetch Decode Execute) cycle

A

Data fetches information, decodes it and then executes task

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22
Q

Control Unit (CU)

A

controls operations of the CPU’s internal components

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23
Q

Address bus

A

These transfers data to and from the CPU

24
Q

Control bus

A

Controls whether the busses are occupied

25
Q

Data bus

A

Transfers data between the processor and memory

26
Q

Analogy for CPU and CU

A

the busses in CU are nerves, the CPU is the brain

27
Q

ROM (Read Only Memory)

A

Contains operating system, can’t delete and is non-volatile

28
Q

RAM (Random Access Memory)

A

All open applications, deletes when turned off (volatile)

29
Q

BIOS

A

Controls what happens when the computer is switched off

30
Q

Registers

A

Cache memory above the CPU

31
Q

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

A

Deals with arithmetic and logic operations

32
Q

Clock

A

Synchronises all components, higher clock speed means more FDE cycles

33
Q

Cache

A

Memory that is used to make a computer work faster

34
Q

Cores

A

Can split the processes between the cores which means it will be faster

35
Q

Magnetic storage

A
  • Moving parts so not portable
  • low cost for lots of storage
  • not always reliable
36
Q

Solid state drives

A
  • uses electricity
  • expensive for not as much storage
  • easy to transfer data
  • portable
37
Q

optical disk storage

A
  • hits pit or grove to provide 1 or 0
  • cheap
  • fragile
  • low storage
38
Q

Cloud storage

A
  • easily accessed and multiple access
  • needs internet
  • could be hacked
  • can’t be lost
39
Q

Memory management

A

Allocates data to RAM and makes sure there is enough space

40
Q

Virtual memory

A

process of optimizing RAM storage by borrowing hard drive space

41
Q

Processor management

A

prioritises tasks and allocates time to each process

42
Q

Peripheral Management

A

communicates with peripherals through drivers

43
Q

Application management

A

Assigns memory space and processor time to applications

44
Q

Security management

A

Protects against viruses and malicious malware

45
Q

User Interface

A

Converts computer code into visible icons for user to understand

46
Q

Anti-virus software

A

A program that finds and removes viruses from a computer

47
Q

Encryption software

A

Scrambles data to stop third parties from accessing it

48
Q

Firewall

A

Prevents unauthorised access to a computer over a network

49
Q

Spyware detectors

A

block or removes programs collecting personal data

50
Q

System cleanup

A

Search and remove files no longer needed

51
Q

File compression software

A

makes files smaller to be transmitted more easily

52
Q

High level languages

A

Faster program development

53
Q

Low level languages

A
  • requires less memory

- easier to debug

54
Q

Machine code

A

machine-level instructions that are uniquely read by computer processors using patterns of 1s and 0s.

55
Q

Assembly code

A

A low level language that uses mnemonics to represent machine code instructions

Computing GCSE (4 decks)

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