Computer Structure Final 2 Flashcards
An OS is a program which acts as an…… between what and what ?
interface between computer system users and the computer hardware
The OS provides a …….in which a user may ……
It provides a user friendly environment in which a user may easily develop and execute programs
If not for the OS Hardwar knowledge would be….
Mandatory for computer programming
The OS hides…
the complexity of hardware from uninterested users!
What is an Operating System?
Software which manages the overall operation of the computer system including: Hardware( CPU, RAM, I/O) Security System interface application interface
What is First Generation ?
Vacuum tube, single user, early operating systems
What is Second Generation?
Job scheduling, JCL, faster I/O, spooling, batch, files
What is Third Generation?
Shared processing, multiprogramming, virtual memory, DBMS
What is Fourth Generation?
Distributed computing, personal computers, high-speed communication, multi-media
What are the functions of an operation system? name 4
Manages and interacts with computer hardware
Provides and manages system security
Provides the system interface
Provides the interface for application software
Who created Linux
Linus Torvalds
Tell me three important features of Linux
- Scientific cooperation model
- Open source implications
- Matured over 14 years
What is the internet?
The largest network of networks in the world
Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching
Runs on any communications substrate
Name two examples of Social engineering
- An attacker calls a user on a network and claims they are from the computer support division of the network.
- The attacker tells the user that they are having trouble with their account and then ask for the user’s name and password
Define a dictionary attack
uses know passwords and many variations (upper and lower case and combinations ) to try to log in to your account
Define brute force attack
means the attackers uses every possible combination of characters for the password
Name some ways to prevent password cracking name 6
1.Don’t use passwords that are dictionary words
2.Don’t use your user name
3.Don’t use your user name backwards
4Limit the number of log in attempts
5.Make your password sufficiently long with an alpha numeric combination
6. Change passwords often
name a way to enhance security with strong passwords
A sentence
Biometrics technology can be used for what two different purposes
Verification and identification
Name five different biometric verifications
- Fingerprinting matching
- hand geometry
- Iris or retinal scans
- Speech recognition
- Face recognition
What is a Hacker?
Anyone who unlawfully accesses a computer system
Name the types of Hackers?
White hat “ just helping”
Black hat “ give me that”
Script Kiddies “ show me”
What do hacker do?
Steal information from computers
Internet packer sniffing
Commit identity theft
What are some Hacker tool?
Worms
Trojan Horses
Bombs
Name some Denial of Service Attacks
Back door program: Trojan horse-Zombies
Denial of service attacks
What is a Virus?
A Virus is a piece of malicious piece of code that when run on you machine will open a backdoor to the machine, might start a program that attacks other applications.
What are worms?
Are a type of computer virus that typical proliferate by themselves
Today how are most viruses exchanged?
Via attachments via email
What is Antivirus Software?
Programs designed to detect viruses
detect know viruses
What is a Firewall?
Acts as a security gateway between two networks: usually between trusted and untrusted networks
Why are Firewalls needed?
Prevent attacks from untrusted networks
Protect data integrity of critical information
Preserve customer and partner confidence
What are the basic components of a network?
Connections (Physical Medium)
Protocols (Common Language)
Services ( Clients, Servers, and Files)
The Client is……..
the computer that requests to use a resource
The Server is ……….
the computer that provides the resource
Name some features Peer-to-Peer network
No centralized data access
Security handled by assigning each resource a password
Name some features Client/Server network
Centralized data access
Centralized security
Centralized administration, record keeping, and control
The Physical Media can be:
Wire, Fiber Optic Cable, Wireless Link (RF and Infrared)
In Networking, Protocols are: (Names three)
Agreements that describe how things work
Industry-wide frameworks that describe every aspect of communications between computers
Grouped together into Protocols Suites
What are the Main Protocol Suites:
NetBEUI- Small Microsoft networks
SPX/IPX- Primarily Novell networks
TCP/IP- Must be used if the network is to connect to the internet
What is one of the basic ways to classify networks?
by their topology
Topology refers to…………
the way the computers in the network are connected to each other
What are the most common topologies:
Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh
What is another way to classify networks
by their size or geographical span
Name the most common size classifications:
Local Area Network- LAN
Metropolitan Area Network- MAN
Wide Area Network- WAN
Name Some components?
Network Operating System
Interface Cards
Cables
What are the Major Network Operating Systems?
Unix (Linux)
Novell NetWare
Windows Server
What does NIC stand for
Network Interface Card
The NIC is the main interface between the ________ and the _______
The NIC is the main interface between the computer and the network cable
What is the NIC also called: (Name three)
The Network Card
Network Adapter
Network Adapter Card
Name three types of cables
Twisted-Pair
Coax
Fiber Optic
Name two types of Twisted-Pair cables
UTP- Unshielded Twisted-Pair
STP- Shielded Twisted-Pair
