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Computer Science > Computer Structure Final 1 > Flashcards

Computer Structure Final 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A special very high speed memory called __________ is used to increase the speed of processing by making current programs and data available to the CPU at a rapid rate.

A

Cache

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2
Q

Most of the main memory is made up of what two chips

A

RAM integrated Chips

ROM chips

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3
Q

What does RAM stand for

A

Random Access Memory

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4
Q

RAM is available in two possible operating modes What are they?

A

Static and Dynamic

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5
Q

ROM stands for what

A

Read only memory

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6
Q

ROM is used for……….?

A

storing programs that are permently resident in the computer and for tables of constants that do not change in value once the production of the computer is completed

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7
Q

What is Bootstrap Loader

A

It is a portion of ROM needed for storing an initial program, which is to start the computer software operating when the power is turned off

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8
Q

A Cluster is the….

A

smallest unit of disk space that MS-DOS could allocate to a file.

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9
Q

What does a cluster consist of

A

One or more Sectors

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10
Q

How is cluster sized determined

A

By the OS when the disk is formatted

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11
Q

(cluster) Generally, the larger the disk drive;…..

A

the more sectors per cluster

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12
Q

Each sector holds

A

512 bytes (FAT 32)

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13
Q

Cluster are too small……

A

to hold larger files

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14
Q

FAT sectors are gathered in clusters:…?

A

2,4,8,16,32,64 sectors

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15
Q

NFTS stands for what?

A

New Technology file System

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16
Q

What system does Windows 7, and 8 hold and with how many bytes per sector

A

NFTS

4096 bytes per sector

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17
Q

Partitioning makes hard disk compatible with the…….

A

Operating system

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18
Q

Partitioning prepares what….

A

the hard disk for high-level format

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19
Q

Partitioning divides the…..

A

hard disk into two or more partitions or makes it all one large partition

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20
Q

What command is partitioning performed with

A

FDISK or DISKPART

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21
Q

What does RAID stand for

A

redundant array of inexpensive disks

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22
Q

RAID does what?

A

combines multiple small, inexpensive disk drives into a group to yield performance exceeding that of one large, more expensive drive

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23
Q

What does RAID appear to the computer as?

A

As a single virtual drive

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24
Q

What does RAID support?

A

It supports fault-tolerance by redundantly storing information in various ways

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25
Q

what are the five types of array architectures and what the difference?

A

RAID 1-5
Different disk fault-tolerance
Different trade-offs in features and performance

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26
Q

A non-redundant array of disk drives is often referred to as

A

RAID 0

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27
Q

Which RAIDs are commonly used

A

Only RAID 0,1,3 and 5

28
Q

Which raids do not offer any significant advantages over these other types

A

RAID 2,4

29
Q

What is a parity check

A

An extra bit added to a byte to detect errors in storage or transmission

30
Q

A single parity can only detect….

A

single bit errors since if an even number of bits are wrong then the parity bit will not change

31
Q

1)What does RAID provide?

A

Fault tolerance, it does not prevent disk drive failures but enables real-time data recovery
High I/O performance
Mass data capacity

32
Q

2) What does RAID provide?

A

Configuration flexibility
Lower protected storage costs
Easy Maintenance

33
Q

what does USB stand for

A

Universal Serial Bus

34
Q

It is a…. developed in…..

A

An industry wide cable bus standard developed in 1995

35
Q

USB brings….

A

brings plug and play to peripheral devices

36
Q

A single USB channel can handle up to ____ peripheral devices

A

127 peripheral devices

37
Q

Does a USB require a separate adapter card?

A

No

38
Q

USB allows for fast _______ communication between a _____and ______ peripherals

A

allows for fast bi-directional communication between a host computer and hot-pluggable peripherals

39
Q

IEEE-1394 can accommodate a maximum of how many devices

A

63 devices per port

40
Q

USB versus Firewire-name three things common to both

A

Both are cable expansion buses
Both use small cable with peripherals that are hot -pluggable
both use daisy-chaining to connect peripherals

41
Q

What is USB’s and Firewire’s top speed?

A

USB’s top speed is 480 Megabits/second

Firewire runs at 100, 200, and 400 Megabits/second with much higher speeds in the works

42
Q

How any conductors do USB’s and Firewire’s cable have?

A

Firewire cable has 6 conductors (4 data/clocks and 2 power)

USB has 4 conductors ( 2 power and 2 data)

43
Q

USB is aimed primarily at the…

Fire wire is used for….

A

USB is aimed primarily at the PC peripheral market
while Firewire is used for computer interfaces to consumer electronic products like digital camcorders , VCR’s, digital televisions, and other audio visual products.

44
Q

Data flows through the computer between the CPU and….

A

between the CPU and the RAM
between the CPU and video
between the CPU and other devices

45
Q

the North bridge …..

A

is the bridge closest to the CPU that connects the CPU to video and/or memory

46
Q

the South bridge…..

A

is the farther bridge that handles all of the inputs and outputs to the many devices in the PC

47
Q

What does BIOS stand for

A

Basic Input Output System

48
Q

BIOS is firmware that Identifies connected system devices ( name six)

A

CPU, RAM, Keyboard, Mouse, CD-ROM, Display

49
Q

BIOS is firmware that does two other main operation what are they?

A

tests system devices (power-on self-test)

Initializes the system devices

50
Q

What is BIOS Firmware?

A

Software that comes embedded in its own memory chip

51
Q

What two types of memory are used for BIOS firmware?

A

EEPROM-Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only memory
EPROM- Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
Older PC’s used EPROM
Could be erased by exposure to ultraviolet light also know as Flashing BIOS

52
Q

the motherboard is set up to initialize its operations using…

A

BIOS

53
Q

What does CMOS stand for

A

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors

54
Q

What is important to know about the life of CMOS

A

it is volatile its kept alive by the battery

55
Q

CMOS only stores….

A

Changeable data
not programs
and acts as clock to keep data current

56
Q

CMOS is what via SETUP program

A

Customizable

57
Q

Where is CMOS often times

A

on the Southbridge

58
Q

Name five features of the BIOS

A 
programs
Non-Volatile
Can be changed by flashing
typically 64 K of programs 
Often separate chip
59
Q

Name five features of the CMOS

A 
data 
volatile
changed via CMOS setup
typically 128 K of day (though chip size is typically 64 K)
Often on the Southbridge
60
Q

What is a device driver

A

Is a file that contains the BIOS commands necessary to communicate with the devices they support

61
Q

All devices come with….

A

their own device drivers

62
Q

Device drivers don’t start until…

A

the OS starts them

63
Q

What does POST stand for

A

Power on self test

64
Q

Where is the post stored on
when is it initiated
Checks out….

A

ROM Chip
when the computer is turned on or is reset
the system every time the computer boots

65
Q

The POST communicates….

A

Errors

beep codes and text errors

Computer Science (11 decks)

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