Computer Structure

Question 1

What does CPU stand for?

Answer 1

Central Processing Unit

Question 2

What is the CPU?

Answer 2

The CPU is the main component within a computer where instructions are processed and computations carried out.

Question 3

How many parts make up the CPU?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

What are the three parts that make up the CPU?

Answer 4

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Control Unit
Registers

Question 5

What does the ALU do?

Answer 5

• Carries out calculations
  -Performs logical operations
• Deals with comparisons

Question 6

Control Unit

Answer 6

Make sure program instructions are carried out in the correct order

Makes sure all operations are carried out at the correct time

Sends out Control Signals

Question 7

What are registers

Answer 7

Small and fast, temporary storage locations with in the processors.

Question 8

What do registers store

Answer 8

Data being processed

Instructions being executed

Addresses to be accessed

Question 9

Where are instructions to be executed stored?

Answer 9

memory (RAM), before executing an instruction it must be fetch it from memory

Question 10

Where instructions held after being transferred from memory?

Answer 10

Instructions are held in registers.

Question 11

What is the speed of a processor measured by?

Answer 11

Its internal clock. The control bus sends out a constant, steady clock pulse.

Question 12

What is the typical computer speed?

Answer 12

3GHz

Question 13

How many actions are carried out by the processor on each clock pulse?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

More cores =

Answer 14

the more cores a cpu has the more it can be programmed to do at the same time

Question 15

dual core =

Answer 15

2 cores

Question 16

quad cores =

Answer 16

4 cores

Question 17

RAM stands for

Answer 17

Random Access Memory

Question 18

What does RAM do

Answer 18

store a program whilst it is running
data and instructions in RAM are held in storage locations
Each storage location has a unique address number to identify it

Question 19

What happens to data in RAM when the computer is switched off?

Answer 19

It is lost

Question 20

ROM

Answer 20

read only memory

Question 21

What does ROM do?

Answer 21

Stores data permanently
data in ROM is not lost when the computer is switched off
ROM cannot be changed

Question 22

How does data travel around a computer system?

Answer 22

On a bus

Question 23

How many buses are in a computer system?

Answer 23

Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Bus

Question 24

Address Bus

Answer 24

carries memory address from the cpu to main memory.

is unidirectional (only travel from cpu to memory.

lines on the address bus work together to produce a binary number

Question 25

Data Bus

Answer 25

USed to transfer data to main memory from the CPU.
carries instructions and data to the CPU from main memory.

The data bus is bidirectional (Data travels in both directions).

Question 26

Control bus

Answer 26

all lines work separately/
sends out control signals.

Question 27

How many types of translator programs are there?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

What are the names of the translator programs?

Answer 28

• Compiler
  -Interpreter

Question 29

What does a compiler do?

Answer 29

reads and translates each line of code in turn
stores translated code as object code in a separate file
object code is the executed one line at a time
code can be run without the compiler being present because it already contains translated code

Question 30

Advantages of compiler

Answer 30

Translator software inly needed at time of compiling
Executes faster as object code has been created
Commands within a loop are translated once, improving efficiency

Question 31

Disadvantages of Compilers

Answer 31

More difficult to fix errors. All error messages appear at once
Slow to compile as whole program is translated at once

Question 32

What does an interpreter do

Answer 32

Reads, translates and executes each line of code in turn
Executed line of code is then forgotten so translation required for every execution
No object code file is created so interpreter is always required to execute program

Question 33

Advantages of an interepter

Answer 33

easy to find errors
easy for learners to use

Question 34

Disadvantages of interepter

Answer 34

Program must be translated every time it is executed - this makes execution slow
-interpreter is always resident in memory
-commands within a loop must be translated for every repetition of the loop

Question 35

How many digits does binary use?

Answer 35

2- 1 and 0
1 is on
0 is off

Question 36

8 bits = how many byte

Answer 36

1

Question 37

1024 bytes is how many kilobytes

Answer 37

1

Question 38

1024 kilobytes is how many megabytes

Answer 38

1

Question 39

1024 gigbytes is how many terabytes

Answer 39

1

Question 40

1024 gigbytes is how many terabytes

Answer 40

1

Question 41

1024 terabytes is how many petabytes

Answer 41

1

Question 42

To convert a small unit to a large unit

Answer 42

Divide

Question 43

To convert a large unit to a small unit

Answer 43

Multiply

Question 44

ASCIII stands for

Answer 44

America Standard Code for Information Interchange

Question 45

How many ways can graphics be represented

Answer 45

2

Question 46

What are the ways graphics can be represented

Answer 46

Bitmap & Vector