Computer Programming Flashcards
IDE (Integrated
Development
Environment)
Software for building applications that combines
common developer tools in a single interface.
Interpreted Language
Source code is read and executed by an interpreter
Compiled Language
Source code is translated into machine code, and the
machine code is stored in a separate file.
High-Level Language
Programming Language that enables a programmer to
write programs that are closer to human language.
Low-Level Language
Programming language that contains basic
instructions recognized by a computer.
Syntax Error
Error which is detected and prevents the program
from running.
Run-Time Error
Error in the code that occurs while the program is
running
Logic Error
Mistake in the code that produces incorrect results.
Debugging
Finding and fixing problems in an algorithm or program.
White Space
Blank lines and extra spacing to improve readability of
code.
Identifiers
Names given to variables, constants, methods, and
functions.
Variable
A named value within a program.
Function
A named group of programming instructions.
Constant
Data values that stay the same every time a program is
executed.
Camel Case
Naming convention where the first letter of name is
lowercase, and each new word is capitalized.
(camelCase)
Pascal Case
Naming convention where the first letter of each
compound word is capitalized. (PascalCase)
Snake Case
Naming convention where spaces are replaced with
underscores. (snake_case)
Software Development
Life Cycle
- Requirements Analysis - Identify
specifications and understand requirements to create
a solution. - Planning/Design - Design an algorithm to solve
the problem using appropriate documentation
(UML diagrams and pseudocode). - Implementation - Write the code
- Testing - Test program for verification of errors
and proper functionality. - Release & Maintenance - Release the solution and
provide updates when necessary.
Algorithm
A finite set of instructions that accomplish a task.
Scope
Determines the accessibility (visibility) of variables.
Local Variable
Only recognized inside the function in which it is
declared.
Global Variable
Recognized from anywhere inside a program.
Input
The information computers get from users, devices,
or other computers.
Output
The information computers give to users, devices, or
other computers.
String
An ordered sequence of characters.
Integer
A data type that is used for a whole number
Boolean
A data type that is either true or false.
Float
A data type that is used for fractional values in
decimal format.
Declaration
Stating the name and data type of a variable.
Initialization
Assignment of an initial value for a variable.
Arithmetic Operators
Includes addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
modulus operators.
Comparison Operators
<, >, ≤, ≥, ==, ≠ indicate a Boolean expression.
Order of Operations
Parenthesis, exponents, multiplication, modulus,
division, addition, subtraction (PEMMDAS).
Logical Operators
NOT, AND, and OR, which evaluate to a Boolean value.
Expression
A combination of operators, constants, and variables.
Integer Division
Division in which the fractional part (remainder)
is discarded
Float Division
Division in which the fractional part (remainder) is included with a certain number of values after the
decimal.
Function
A named group of programming instructions
Readability
The ease with which the code is read and understood.
Reusability
Capability of being used again or repeatedly.
Modularity
Enables reusability and minimizes duplication.
Abstraction
Hiding unnecessary details from the user.
Built-In Function
Any function that is provided as part of a high-level language and can be executed by a simple reference with specification of arguments.
User-Defined Function
A function created by the user.
Arguments
The variables given to the function for execution.
Parameters
The names listed in the method/function’s definition.
Return
A value that is sent back to the user by a
method/function.
Void Return
Indicates that the function does not return a value
Simple Data Types
char, string, integer, float, double, boolean.
Complex Data Types
enumeration, array, list, object.
Conditional Statement
Decision making based on a Boolean value
Nested IF Statement
An if statement placed inside another if statement.
For Loop
Initial Value
Condition
Increment/Decrement
While Loop
Loops through a block of code as long as a
specified condition is true
Nested Loop
A loop placed inside another loop
Break
Statement used to immediately terminate a loop.
Met Condition
Expression evaluates to true.
Failed Condition
Expression evaluates to false.
Iterate
Each cycle through a loop.
Infinite Loop
A loop that, due to a logic error, will continue endlessly
Complex Condition
Formed by combining multiple conditions with logical operators
Exit Condition
Used to exit a loop.
Computer
Programming/Software
Engineering Team
Team Leader
Analyst
Senior Developer
Junior Developer
Client/Subject-Matter Expert
a = expression
Evaluates expression and then assigns a copy of the result to the variable a
DISPLAY(expression)
Displays the value of (expression) in the console window
INPUT( )
Accepts a value from the user and returns the input value
a + b
a - b
The arithmetic operators +, -, *, and / are used to perform
arithmetic on a and b.
a * b
a / b
For example, 17 / 5 evaluates to 3.4.
The order of operations used in mathematics applies
when evaluating expressions.
a MODULUS b
-or
a MOD b
Evaluates to the remainder when a is divided by
b. For example, 17 MOD 5 evaluates to 2.
MODULUS (MOD) has the same precedence as the * and
/ operators.
NOT condition
Evaluates to true if condition is false; otherwise evaluates
to false.
condition1 AND
condition2
Evaluates to true if both condition1 and condition2 are true;
otherwise evaluates to false.
condition1 OR
condition2
Evaluates to true if condition1 is true or if condition2 is true
or if both condition1 and condition2 are true; otherwise
evaluates to false.
FOR(condition)
{
<block>
}
</block>
The code in <block> is executed a certain
number of times.</block>
WHILE(condition)
{
<block>
}
</block>
The code in <block> is repeated until the
(condition) evaluates to false.</block>
IF(condition1)
{
<first>
{
ELSE IF(condition2) {
<second>
}
ELSE
{
</second></first>
If (condition1) evaluates to true, the code in <first> is executed; if (condition1) evaluates to false,
then (condition2) is tested; if (condition2) evaluates to true, the code in <second> is executed; if both (condition1) and (condition2) evaluate to false, then the code in <third>
is executed.</third></second></first>
PROCEDURE procName( )
Defines procName as a procedure that takes no arguments.
The procedure contains <block>.
The procedure procName can be called using the
following notation:
procName( )</block>
