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computer networks Flashcards

1
Q

lan vs wan
coverage, runs it, expensive, connected with, where used

A

small geographical location / large
organisations using it / ppl who owned it are called in
wan is expensive
ethernet or wireless (wifi) /copper and fibre optic
homes / diff offices connected around the world

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2
Q

4 benefits of lan and wan

A

1) access and share work to work collaboratively
2) easy and cheap communication through instant messages
3) download/update software all at once
4) can log in from any device connected as its stored centrally

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3
Q

whats a nic

A

network interface controller
allows devices to connect to a network and its an internal hardware in motherboard
can be wired and wireless

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4
Q

switch meaning

A

connects devices to LAN
retrieves and directs info from and to the device with correct mac address

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5
Q

router meaning

A

connects different networks and transmits data between them and directs data to destination in the internet

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6
Q

why are routers used in homes and offices

A

to connect lan to the internet

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7
Q

most common ethernet cables

A

CAT 5e and 6 which have 4 twisted pairs of copper wires to reduce interference

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8
Q

what do fibre optic cables do and their characteristics

A

transmits data by light
are high performance to reduce interference and transmit over large distances without losing signal quality but are expensive

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9
Q

what do wireless networks like phones and tvs use to transmit data

A

radio waves

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10
Q

compare 2 wireless technologies

A

bluetooth as a direct connection between 2 devices so data can be shared, connection range of 10m, low bandwidth (compared to wifi), and often used in mobiles and wearable devices
wifi can be used by multiple devices to connect to LAN at same time, connection range of 40-100m, high bandwidth, often used in desktops, laptops, phones, routers

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11
Q

what do you need to set up a wifi network and connect devices

A

wireless access point WAP

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12
Q

what is used if wireless NICe arent built in to devices needed to connect

A

USB and HDMI dongles

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13
Q

4 factors that affect performance of networks

A

greater bandwidth (amount of data in given time) also shared between devices so can get congested and slow network
wired connections and faster and more reliable than wireless such as fibre optic better than copper
wireless depends on signal quality - range, interference, physical obsturctions
choice of hardware and network topology

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14
Q

client networks meaning and what occurs in them

A

managed by a server and connected with clients who request info and get a response
files and software are stored centrally such as user profiles and passwords

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15
Q

what may a client server require before fulfilling requests

A

a password

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16
Q

pros of client server

A

easier to:
keep track of files
back up
install and update
manage network security
and always on and reliable

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17
Q

cons of client server

A

expensive
IT specialists needed to maintain
server dependance (server down = all down
overloaded server

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18
Q

peer to peer networks meaning

A

all devices and equal connecting directly without a server

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19
Q

pros and cons of p2p networks

A

easy to maintain and no dependance on server
no centralised management so backups are complicated
lose track so duplicate files
less reliable as if 1 fails = data lost
prone to slowing down

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20
Q

star topology meaning

A

all nodes are indirectly connected through the central switch that controls the network

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21
Q

3 pros and 2 cons of star topology

A

1) nodes easily added
2) higher performance as less collisions since messages are only sent to intended recipient 3) if one node or link fails, rest unaffected
BUT :
1) lots of wires so can be expensive
2) switch fails = all nodes fail as cant communicate

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22
Q

mesh topology meaning and how does sending data work

A

decentralised so all devices either directly or indirectly connected to each other and work by sending data to fastest route

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23
Q

pros and cons of mesh topology

A

1) if one node fails messages takes a different route so they always go through
2) messages received quickly
3) new nodes can be added easily (doesn’t interfere other nodes)
BUT:
1) lots of connections are needed so it can be high maintenance and impractical and expensive for all the wires

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24
Q

what is a network

A

2 or more computers connected together by a wired or wireless medium
(purpose of communication)

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25
4 advantages of using networks
file sharing - can share files with others hardware sharing - can share hardware eg printer communication - can communicate eg email or video roaming access - can sign into any computer on the network and access files
26
4 advantages on larger networks
1) centralised maintenance and update - managers can apply software updates across the network 2) levels of access - different users can have different access rights, giving the network manager the ability to restrict and grant permission to certain users 3) user monitoring - network managers can monitor what users do on a network 4) centralised security - anti virus software and firewall can be applied across a network
27
4 disadvantages of networks
1) cost - additional equipment is needed for computers to communicate 2) management - networks require management from technical staff 3) spread of malware - malware may be spread across improperly secured networks 4) hackers - once a device is connected to another, data may be accessed by others without the users permission
28
what is a WAN and example where it’s used
wide area network - spread over a large geographical area eg banks
29
what is a LAN and example where it’s used
local area network - network geographically confined to one area eg school
30
what 5 factors can affect network performance
1) type of network traffic 2) number of devices on the network 3) network latency 4) number of transmission errors 5) bandwidth of the transmission medium
31
what is bandwidth
measure of the amount of data that the medium can transfer over a certain amount of time
32
what is network traffic
the amount of data being transferred by the medium over a certain amount of time
33
network latency
measure of how long it takes for a message to travel from one device to another over a network
34
what becomes more important as the greater number of devices are connected to a network
the transmission medium
35
transmission errors
when signals collide when 2 devices on a network try to communicate simultaneously along the same communication channel
36
what is a server
computer that manages and stores files
37
what is a client
a computer that relies on other computers to provide and manage data
38
5 types of servers and what they do
file servers - hold and maintain files web servers - hold and share webs application servers - allows programs to run over a network print servers - manage printing across a network mail servers - handle emails between users
39
what’s a p2p server
where no computer has control over all the network and each computer is known as a peer and stores their own files which can be accessed by others without peers on the server
40
3 hardware needed to connect stand alone computers to a LAN
NIC, wired or wireless transmission medium and point to connect to eg router
41
what does a NIC stand for and do
Network interface connection and allows connection to a network
42
are networks wired or wireless
can be either
43
compare the cost, distance and transmission speed of twisted copper wires and fibre optic wires
copper - cheap fibre - expensive copper - 100m fibre - 2km copper - slow fibre - fast
44
how does data travel through twisted copper wires compared to fibre optic cables
copper - electrical fibre - light
45
why are wired cables more reliable than wireless
as they are not usually subject to interference
46
4 types of connection devices
hubs switches waps routers
47
difference between a hub and switch
hub broadcasts messages to all devices on a network whereas switches only sends the message to the recipitant
48
how does a switch improve network performance
cuts down unnecessary transmissions
49
what does the wap stand for and do
wireless access point and allows wireless connections to a network by sending wireless traffic it receives onto the main wired network
50
what do routers do
send data signals across the internet by finding the all the available routes then determining the most suitable one for sending data
51
what is the internet and its purpose
the world wide collection of computer networks and for international communication
52
examples of who uses mesh and star topologies and why
emergency services, military and city as reliability of network connection is important large organisations as high personable needed or home networks
53
examples of client servers on the internet
1) web servers - store and maintain web content, which is downloaded upon request to client computers 2) mail servers - handle web-based email 3) media servers - allow clients to stream music and videos
54
what is hosting and what is the web server referred to as
the storing of files and data on a web server host
55
examples of the top, second and third level of a host name and what they mean
top is generic to many websites eg .com second shows the type of organisation eg .co third is organisation name eg bbc
56
what are all 3 levels of a host server name called
domain name
57
why are websites accessed using domaine names
as they’re easier to remember than network addresses
58
what does a DNS do
translates a domaine name into an internet address
59
what is the cloud
a generic name for remotely accessed storage
60
advantages of cloud storage
1) the ability to access files from any location or any device, as long as an internet connection exists 2) access for another user to remotely access your data 3) reduced need to make backups - cloud storage services back up the data for you
61
disadvantages of using cloud storage
1) there is no guarantee that someone else is not accessing your data 2)there is no guarantee that your data is being backed-up 3)access to data is only possible with an internet connection - no connection means no access to data

ICT (4 decks)

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