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CSC 101 > Computer Networks > Flashcards

Computer Networks Flashcards

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1
Q

Define network’s

A

A system of interconnected computer’s and computerized peripherals

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2
Q

Computer’s may connect to one another by……………..

A

Wired or wireless media

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3
Q

Type’s of computer network

A
  1. Personal Area Network
  2. Local Area Network
  3. Metropolitan Area Network
    4 Wide Area Network
  4. Internetwork
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4
Q

Discuss Personal Area Network (PAN)

A
  1. A PAN is the smallest network and us very personal to a user.
  2. PAN may include Bluetooth enabled devices or infra-red enabled devices
  3. PAN has a connectivity range of up to 10 meters
  4. PAN may include wireless computer keyboard and mouse, Bluetooth headphones, wireless printers and TV remotes
  5. PAN may take up to eight devices in a master - slave fashion
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5
Q

Discuss Local Area Network (LAN)

A
  1. LAN is a computer network that covers inside a building and operated under a single administrative system
  2. LAN covers an organization’s offices, colleges or universities.
  3. The number of systems connected in LAN may vary from 2 to as much as 16 million.
  4. LAN provides a useful way of Sharing resources between end users
  5. These resources include: printers, scanners and the internet that are sharable among computers.
  6. LAN are composed of Networking and routing equipment such as hubs, switches and routers.
  7. A LAN may be contain local servers serving file storage and other locally shared applications.
  8. A LAN mostly operates on private IP address and does not involve heavy routing
  9. LAN works under a local domain and controlled centrally
  10. LAN uses either Ethernet or Token - ring technology.
  11. Ethernet is the mostly widely employed LAN technology
  12. A LAN can be wired, wireless or both form at anytime.
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6
Q

Discuss Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A
  1. MAN is computer network that covers an entire city, such as cable TV network’s
  2. MAN can use Ethernet, Token - ring , Asynchronous Transfer mode ( ATM), or Fiber Distributed interface (FDDI)
  3. Metro Ethernet is a service provided by ISP’s
  4. This service enables users to expand Thier LANs.
  5. For example, MAN can help an organization to connect all of it’s offices in a city.
  6. The backbone of a MAN is high - capacity and high - speed fiber optics.
  7. MAN works in between LAN and Wide Area Network ( WAN )
  8. MAN provides the uplink for LANs to WANs or internet.
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7
Q

Discuss Wide Area Network

A
  1. WAN covers a large area which may be a province or a country
  2. Telecommunication network are WANs
  3. These network’s provide connectivity to MANs and LANs.
  4. WAN are equipped with high speed backbone.
  5. WAN may use advanced technologies such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), Frame relay, and Synchronous Optical Network ( SONET).
  6. WAN may be managed by multiple administration
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8
Q

Discuss internetwork

A
  1. Internetwork is the network of network’s and simply referred to as internet.
  2. The internet is the largest network on the planet
  3. It connects all WANs thus bringing connections to homes and offices aka LANs
  4. The internet uses TCP/ IP protocol suite and uses IP as the addressing protocol.
  5. The internet allows users to share and access enormous amount of information using World Wide Web (WWW), FTP, email services and a host of others
  6. The internet is based on the client-server architecture
  7. Internet uses speed fiber optics backbone as the medium of transmission.
  8. To inter- connect the various continent, fiber optics cables are laid under the sea and referred to as “ submarine communication cables”
  9. Internet is widely deployed on the WWW service’s using HTML linked pages and accessible by client software known as the Web Browsers.
  10. The internet serves many purposes and is involved in many aspects our lives such as web sites, E-mail, instant messaging, blogging, social media, networking, audio and video streaming.
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9
Q

Discuss internet protocol (IP)

A
  1. A layer 3 ( Network Layer, OSI/TCP-IP) protocol.
  2. A set of rules that governs the format for sending data through network.
  3. The IP contains addressing information and some information that enables packets to be routed
  4. Together with the transmission Control Protocol (TCP), IP represents the heart of the internet protocols
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10
Q

What’re the primary responsibilities of IP ( Internet Protocol)

A
  1. Providing connectionless , best effort delivery of datagrams through an internetwork
  2. Providing fragmentation and reassembly of datagrams to support data links with different maximum transmission unit (MTU) sizes.
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11
Q

What are the two fundamental network layer services that IP provides

A
  1. Logical addressing: provides a unique address that identifies both the host and network it is connected to.
  2. Routing: determines the best path to a particular destination network, and then routes data accordingly.
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12
Q

IP protocol is divided I two distinct versions which are??

A
  1. IP version 4(IPv4)
  2. IP version 6(IPv6)
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13
Q

A packet is ??

A

An encapsulated data from the network layer is referred to as packet

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14
Q

Discuss IPv4

A
  1. Up until recently, IPv4 is the most commonly used internet protocol and currently the dominant
  2. The IPv4 is a 32-bit value that uniquely identifies (address) every device that is attached to the data network
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15
Q

Discuss IPv4: header

A
  1. Version: this is a 4-bit field that indicates the version of the IP currently being used
  2. IP Header Length (IHL): indicates the datagrams header length in 32-bit words and points to the beginning of the data
  3. Type-of-Service field is an 8-bit field that indicates the desired quality of service. The field defines precedence, delay, throughput and reliability.
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16
Q

Type’s of field

A
  1. Total length field specifies the length, in byte of the entire packet.
    - The length includes the packet header and the data
    - The maximum length is 65, 535 bytes
    - Host are prepared to accept datagram up to 576 bytes.
  2. Identification field contains an integer that identifies the current datagram
    - This field is assigned by sender to help the reciever reassemble the packets fragments.
  3. Flags is a 3-bit field
    - The two low-order bits control fragmentation.
    - The low-order bit tells if packet can be fragmented
    - The middle bit Indicate whether this packet is the last fragment in a series of fragmented packets.
    - The high-order bit is unused.
  4. Fragment offset is a 3-bit that indicates the position of the fragments data
    - This allows the destination IP to process and properly reconstruct the original datagram.
  5. Time-to-Live is a counter that gradually decrements vto zero
    - When the counter gets to zero, the packet is discarded.
    - This field keeps packets from looping endlessly.

6.Protocol field indicates which upper-layer protocol receives incoming packets after IP processing in complete.

  1. Header checksum helps ensure IP Header integrity
  2. Source address specifies the sending node.
  3. Destination address - specifies the receives node.
  4. Options allow IP to support various options such as security.
  5. Data this field contains upper- layer( application layer through transport layer) information.
17
Q

Discuss IPv4 addressing

A
  1. As earlier stated, IPv4 is a 32-bit value that identifies (an address for ) every device on a network
  2. IP addressing is integral to the process of routing datagrams through the internet.
  3. Each IP address has specific components and follows a basic format.
  4. Each device on a network is assigned its own unique 32-bit logical address
  5. The addressing is divided into two main parts:
    - Network address identifies the network to which an IP belongs. An ISP can obtain a block of network numbers.
    - host address identifies a host on the network. This number is unique throughout the network and it assigned by local network administrator.
  6. The network address field of the IP address is referred to as the network prefix.
  7. The leading portion of the IP address identifies the network address.
  8. All hosts/devices on a given network share the same network address but each has a unique host address
  9. Hosts on different network have different network address

CSC 101 (4 decks)

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