computer minds

Question 1

Two Ways of Reading the Turing Test

Answer 1

Constitutive Claim

Evidential Claim

Question 2

Constitutive Claim

Answer 2

Passing the Turing test is constitutive of possessing an intelligent mind. What it is to be an intelligent thinker is to be a Turing-Test-passer.

Question 3

Evidential Claim

Answer 3

Passing the Turing test is only excellent evidence of intelligence. Passing the Turing Test provides sufficient grounds for thinking that something is an intelligent thinker.

Question 4

Objections to the Turing Test

Answer 4

• too strict? Could something not be able to pass the test, but still be capable of intelligent thought? (babies)
• Is the test too loose? Could something pass the test, but still NOT be capable of
  intelligent thought? (babies)
• Is the test circular? How do we choose the judge?

Question 5

Ned Block; Blockheads

Answer 5

“Though the machine can do as well in the one-hour Turing test as Aunt Bubbles, it has the intelligence of a jukebox. Every clever response it produces was specifically thought of by the programmers”

Question 6

Hollow shell

Answer 6

• a physical thing could have thoughts, is it only biological? The thought that no matter how complicated a computer could get, it still couldn’t do X (fall in love, communicate effectively)

— don’t over generalise, reducing computers to the simplest common denominator, the simplest of machines don’t have a mind, likewise complex AI don’t either, those with minds share something more, single cell organisms are similar in this scenario

Question 7

Lady Lovelace’s Objection

Answer 7

• any computer requires a creator

- — as do humans, dismiss

Question 8

Informality of Behaviour

Answer 8

• computers are rigid, set system, erratic behaviour (mental health)
• – computers also breakdown, dismiss

Question 9

simulation argument

Answer 9

AI isn’t a mind, it’s a simulation of a mind, and simulation aren’t accurate to reality just as AI isn’t accurate to a mind.
“The idea that computer simulations could be the real thing ought to have seemed suspicious in the first place because the computer isn’t confined to simulating mental operations, by any means. No one supposes that computer simulations of a five alarm, fire will burn the neighbourhood down or that a computer simulation of a rainstorm will leave us all drenched.” (Searle 1980, p. 423)

Question 10

simulation argument criticism

Answer 10

• – AI isn’t a simulation of a mind, rather a replicate
• —- no amount of detail, no matter advance can perfectly can perfectly replicate a mind. Liebniz law, properties aren’t entirely identical. SUPPORT with hollow shell and free will.

Question 11

Free Will Objection

Answer 11

• Computers don’t have free will
• – Hard Incompatibilist claim humans don’t have free will
• —- Counter-intuitive, a set path following natural laws is unfathomable. People act irrationally. For example Computers don’t have free will, nor the ability to act as their own agent.

Question 12

The Hollow Shell Argument

Answer 12

• must be a biological component in order to have a mind, display intellectual behaviours without intellect
• – vague