Computer Hardware Flashcards
all of the physical components of a
computer.
Computer hardware
machine that uses electronic components and instructions to the components to perform calculations, repetitive and
complex procedures, process text, and manipulate data and signals.
Computer
composes the computer’s architecture, and includes the electronic circuits, microchips,
processors, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and graphic and sound cards.
basic hardware
square or rectangular board with circuits
into which are plugged the main electronics of the computer.
motherboard
enabled surgeons to insert endoscopy tools that allow for both visualization and precise removal of diseased tissues, leaving healthy tissues minimally damaged and the patient unscarred
Computer-enhanced surgical instruments
now being used to reduce the impact of distance and location on the accessibility and availability of healthcare.
Telemedicine
thin, flat sheet made of a firm, nonconducting material on which the internal components—printed circuits, chips, slots, and so on—of the computer are mounted.
Motherboard
made of a dielectric or non-conducting
plastic material.
Motherboard
the microchips (including the central processing unit [CPU]), and the wiring, and slots for adding components.
Motherboard
electronic storage devices or chips on the motherboard of a computer.
Memory
can be changed by the factory, but effectively, the programs are permanently
wired into the memory.
Read-Only Memory
refers to working memory used for primary storage. It is used as temporary storage. Also known as main memory,
Random Access Memory
can be accessed, used, changed, and written on
repeatedly.
Random Access Memory
called volatile memory.
Random Access Memory
smaller form of RAM.
Cache
Its purpose is to speed up processing by storing frequently called items in a small, rapid access memory location.
Cache
are wired to a controller that is plugged into the slots or circuit boards of the computer. Some devices can
serve as both input and output devices—for example, the hard drive in which most of the programs are stored receive and store information as well as
send their programs to the computer.
Input and Output Devices
These devices allow the computer to receive information from the outside world.
Input devices
most common input devices
keyboard and mouse.
commonly seen on nursing workstations
touch screen, light pen, voice, and
scanner.
both an input and output device combined.
touch screen
device attached to a computer that has special software that allows the computer to sense
light pen
device placed on a patient’s finger uses light waves to detect impulses that are sent to a computer and then interpreted as oxygen levels in the blood.
Oxymetry
These devices allow the computer to report its results to the external world.
Output Devices
can be in the form of text, data files, sound, graphics, or signals to other devices.
Output
Heart monitor, Volumetric infusion pump
Output devices
Include main memory but also external devices on which program and data are stored
Storage
Peripheral device that has very high speed and density
Hard Drive
actually a form of a small, removable hard drive that is inserted into the USB port of the computer.
USB flash Drive
also known as pen drive, jump drive, thistle drive, pocket drive, and so forth.
USB drive
include CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray. CD-ROMs and DVDs are rigid disks that hold a higher density of information and have higher speed.
Optical Media
mini magnetic tape devices, were a form of relatively
fast (in their time) backup storage for people’s data.
Zip drives
faster than tape media and replaced it as the backup
media of choice.
Thumb (USB) and external hard drives
An extension of the online storage service offered by
individual vendors
Cloud Storage
refers to a distributed system of many commercial, networked servers that communicate through the Internet, and work together so closely that they can essentially function as one large system.
Cloud
key factor in cloud storage
Redundancy
Major Types of Computer
Supercomputers
Mainframes
Microcomputers (PC)
Handheld Computers
refer to how the machine stores information at the lowest, or “closest to machine registers and memory,”
level.
Bits and Bytes
(binary digit) is a unit of data in the binary numbering system.
Bit
unit describes a single character in the computer, such as the letter A or the number 3,
Bytes
basic operations of the CPU
Cycle
basic operations of the CPU
Cycle
four types of cycles, or operations of a CPU,
include fetch, decode, execute, and store.
set of cooperative interconnected computers for the purpose of information interchange.
network
most important components of network hardware
the adapter or interface card, cabling, and servers.
role of hardware in a network
to provide an interconnection between computers.
computer circuit board or card that is installed in a
computer so that it can be connected to a network.
network interface card (NIC)
means by which actual transfer of data from one site to
another takes place.
“communication medium”
Commonly used communication media
twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber-optics, telephone
lines, satellites, and compressed video.
the silicon, metal, and plastic portion of the hardware–software–human triangle—exists to support the activities in
which we engage.
Hardware
the use of information and communication technology for health services and information by both healthcare professionals and the public.
eHealth
three key synergistic advanced hardware elements enabling mobile health (mHealth)
(1) physical device size,
(2) wireless network access, and
(3) battery life. mHealth is accelerating due to the convergence of the infrastructure of adequate processing power and storage available on mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, advanced tablets, and
wearable/implantable/injectable devices); large capacity redundant storage typically available through cloud computing services; and long-life batteries.
Advances in computer hardware continue two trends:
(1) more powerful processing in ever-smaller packages and
(2) more power distributed across many, many machines, most commonly seen in cloud services.
powerful hand-held computer with an operating system and the ability to access the Internet.
smartphone
ability of a mobile device to connect with networks in multiple ways is the foundation of mobile computing and
mHealth.
Wireless Communication
supports all Internet Protocol (IP) communication and uses new technology to transfer data at very
high bit rates, significantly improving both the speed of transfer and volume of data over that possible with a 3G network.
4g
intended for general local network access, called a wireless local area network (WLAN).
Wi-Fi
intended for a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
Bluetooth
broad, expanding universe that encompasses a wide variety of user stories (use cases) that range from
continuous clinical data access to remote diagnosis and even guest Internet access.
mHealth
One of the latest trend in healthcare It
Bring your own device
