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ESAS > Computer Fundamentals > Flashcards

Computer Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

An abbreviation for binary digit is

A

bit

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2
Q

A byte is composed of how many bits?

A

8 adjacent binary digits (bits)

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3
Q

1 KB is how many bytes?

A

1000 bytes

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4
Q

The largest binary number that can obtained with 16 bits in its decimal equivalent is

A

65535

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5
Q

The number of bytes in 48k memory is

A
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6
Q

ASCII means?

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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7
Q

What is the most widely used 7-bit alphanumeric code? (letter only)

A

ASCII

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8
Q

What is a computer programming language in which groups of 1s and 0s are used to represent instructions and the only language a computer actually understood?

A

Machine language

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9
Q

An area of memory that holds the ASCII characters that are being displayed on a monitor is called ___

A

screen image

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10
Q

Processors with more than two registers for arithmetic and logical operations are classified as:

A

general register processors

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11
Q

What input device translates motions of a ball rolled on a flat surface to the monitor screen? (Apr 2018)

A

Mouse

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12
Q

What is the system program used to translate directly an assembly language to machine language called?

A

Assembler

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13
Q

What is an operand address?

A

The address of the data to be operated as the CPU executes the
instruction called for by the 2p code.

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14
Q

What is the standard method for coding data on 80-column, 12-row card?

A

Hollerith code

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15
Q

A software program designed to enter a computer system, usually a network, through security “holes’ and then replicate itself.

A

Worm

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16
Q

What refers to the computer’s use of hard disk storage to simulate RAM?

A

virtual memory

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17
Q

What is a set of instructions that resides an a storage device, such as a hard drive, and can be loaded into memory and executed called?

A

Stored program

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18
Q

Which of the following devices is NOT serially interfaced to a PC?

A

Printer

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19
Q

____ is a software that allows users to have fast and flexible access to information in large documents, constructing associations among data items needed.

A

Hypertext

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20
Q

Which memory holds the most recently read and frequently read data in
memory, making subsequent retrieval of that data much faster than reading from a tape or disk drive or even from the main memory?

A

Cache memory

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21
Q

A large application or program is divided into modules of equal size
called

A

pages

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22
Q

What 5-bit code that has long been used in Telex and teletypewriter communications?

A

Baudot Code

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23
Q

What is the term for a deadlock situation that occurs when a program references a different page for almost every instruction, and there is not even enough real memory to hold most of the virtual memory?

A

Thrashing

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24
Q

What is a single word memory location used to temporarily hold data during program execution?

A

Register

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25
Q

What refers to the debugging method in which the program is executed one instruction at a time and the register contents can be examined after each step?

A

Trace

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26
Q

In a computer system, _______ is a hardware unit where the control keys are located

A

Console

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27
Q

All are the parts of the computer hardware organization except one. Which one?

A

assembler

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28
Q

The data manipulated by a program is called ____ depending on its nature and extent

A

all of the choices (database, file, input)

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29
Q

Which one represents machine instructions by mnemonic names and allows memory addresses and other constants to be represented by Symbols rather than bit strings?

A

Assembly language

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30
Q

Which of the following is an instruction that causes data to be brought from memory into an accumulator register?

A

LOAD

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31
Q

What term is used to describe storing of data into a memory?

A

Writing

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32
Q

What register holds the data being written into or read out of the addressed memory location?

A

Memory data Register

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33
Q

What does “CMOS” means?

A

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

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34
Q

___ a system software that translate a program written in a computer language by a computer programmer (such as BASIC) into the language (machine language) that the computer understand.

A

Language translator

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35
Q

What do you call a translated program in machine language?

A

An object program

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36
Q

A program designed to attached itself to a file, reproduce, and spread from one file to another, destroying data, displaying an irritating: message, or otherwise disrupting computer operations.

A

Computer virus

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37
Q

Which one is the portion of an instruction cycle where the instruction is
sent from memory to the instruction register?

A

FETCH

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38
Q

The decimal system is composed of how many numerals or symbols?

A

10

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39
Q

A special file that is used by the operating system to store the physical location of all the files on a storage medium, such as a hard disk or floppy disk is called ___

A

File allocation table

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40
Q

What is that part of a computer instruction that defines what type of Operation the computer is to execute on specified data?

A

Op code

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41
Q

A digital circuit is also known as:

A

logic circuit

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42
Q

What does “TTL” means?

A

Transistor Transistor Logic

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43
Q

Which computer port is commonly used in order to speed up the transfer of the computer data?

A

Parallel port

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44
Q

Which device puts data on the data bus during a write operation?

A

CPU

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45
Q

What is an instruction mnemonic?

A

A short abbreviation for the operation

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46
Q

What is the term used to describe the moving of software from another computer to your own computer?

A

Downloading

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47
Q

What abbreviation represents the op code of a computer instruction?

A

Mnemonic

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48
Q

Which of the following classes of mass memory devices use a laser beam to write and read onto a specified coated disk?

A

Optical disk memory

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49
Q

Which of the following is the busiest bus and the one that carries that actual data?

A

Data bus

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50
Q

HTTP:// is an identifier that appears at the beginning of most Web page.
What does HTTP stands for?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

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51
Q

A megabyte is exactly ____ bytes

A

1 018 576

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52
Q

The bus that communicates control and status information is the

A

Control bus

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53
Q

What do you call a program stored in ROM that loads and initializes the operating system on a computer?

A

Bootstrap program

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54
Q

What is the term for a computer or software that requests information from another computer or server

A

Client

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55
Q

A software that translates a program written in a high-level language into low-level instructions before the program is executed is called

A

Compiler

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56
Q

The term “bus” refers to:

A

the physical path along which the signal travels

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57
Q

What computer memory is used during the first cycles of data processing activity?

A

Cache memory

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58
Q

A parity bit is also called ___ is an extra bit attached to the end of a byte for purposes of checking for accuracy.

A

check bit

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59
Q

Which of the following belongs to a class of codes called the minimum change codes, in which only one bit in the code group changes when going from one step to the next?

A

Gray code

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60
Q

What is the difference between the high and low frequency spectrum?

A

Bandwidth

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61
Q

What does ‘DTML’ means?

A

Diode Transistor Micro Logic

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62
Q

A group of records are stored in a ___

A

file

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63
Q

Which of the following takes the complete decimal number and represents it in binary?

A

Straight binary code

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64
Q

All are basic operation in Boolean Algebra except:

A

Logical subtraction

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65
Q

What is the most common type of digital IC package?

A

DIP

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66
Q

What refers to the time with which a disk can find data being sought?

A

Access time

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67
Q

What type of database contains records in an organized, structured format?

A

Hierarchical database

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68
Q

In what slot does the CD drive will be connected to the mother board of
the computer?

A

IDE slot

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69
Q

______ two way parallel path connecting processors and memory containing addresses.

A

Address bus

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70
Q

What is the smallest changeable data unit?

A

Bit

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71
Q

The command line in basic programming is always started by which of the following?

A

Integer

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72
Q

An instruction that alters the normal course of a program by causing it to jump to another instruction is the ___

A

JUMP

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73
Q

An instruction that causes data in the accumulator to be moved to the memory or a peripheral register.

A

STORE

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74
Q

What refers to a specific register that always points to the address of the next instruction to be executed?

A

Program counter

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75
Q

What is the term for a high-speed memory used to store a small amount of data temporarily so that the data can be retrieved quickly?

A

Scratchpad memory

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76
Q

What program is executed on several different computers to compare their speed and performance?

A

Benchmark

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77
Q

A computer or software on the network that supplies the network with data and storage is called

A

server

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78
Q

Which of the following has a function of directing memory and I/O devices transfers?

A

Address bus

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79
Q

What is the language used in making an internet web page?

A

Hypertext Mark-up Language

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80
Q

What do you mean by the acronym “DCTL”?

A

Direct Coupled Transistor Logic

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81
Q

What register holds the current instruction during its execution?

A

Instruction register

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82
Q

A BCD code has how many bits per number?

A

4

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83
Q

A non impact printer that forms images with little dots and produces high quality images

A

Inkjet printer

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84
Q

A nibble is composed of how many bits?

A

4

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85
Q

The term firmware is used to describe programs stored in which of the following memory hardware?

A

ROMs and EPROMS

86
Q

Which one refers to an assembly of computer hardware and software enables computers to share data, software and other resources with each other?

A

Local area network

87
Q

In digit codes, how do identify codes running from 0 to 1 or run from 0 - 7?

A

binary

88
Q

What is needed to translate a high-level program into a sequence of machine instructions that performs the desired Task?

A

Compiler

89
Q

Text editors and formatters belong to which area of computing?

A

Word processing

90
Q

A computer program that appears to perform one function while actually doing something else, such as inserting a virus into a computer system, or stealing a password

A

Trojan horse

91
Q

Which one refers to a device that amplifies a signal and passes it on?

A

Repeater

92
Q

What refers to characters that can be displayed or printed, including numerals and symbols?

A

Alphanumeric data

93
Q

What refers to the manner in which alphanumeric data and control characters are represented by sequences of bits?

A

Coding

94
Q

What type of fie has a record of web site activity?

A

Cookie file

95
Q

What memory in a computer is used to hold the computer’s start up routine?

A

ROM

96
Q

What term is used to describe retrieval of data from a memory?

A

Reading

97
Q

What type of bus carries the memory address from the computer to the memory? ___ bus

A

Address

98
Q

What type of bus carries lines that control the operation of the memory from the microprocessor to the memory? ___ bus

A

Control

99
Q

What register holds line address of the word currently being accessed? ___

A

memory address register

100
Q

A state of the art technology designed to provide supervisory control and data acquisition capability for industrial, commercial and utility power substation and systems.

A

SCADA

101
Q

What is a technique used to ensure that the bits within a memory byte are correct?

A

Parity

102
Q

What is the term for a sequence of computer instructions that performs some functions?

A

Program

103
Q

If the executable program is kept on disk or tape, it is normally referred to as

A

software

104
Q

What do you call a network where people can retrieve information, communicate, entertain or do business from the comfort of a PC?

A

Internet

105
Q

What do you call a projector that will be used to project video signals from a computer?

A

Multimedia projector

106
Q

A type of computer memory circuit that holds data program Instructions, and the operating system while the computer is on

A

RAM

107
Q

What refers to one or more integrated circuits that contain permanent Instructions that the computer uses during boot process?

A

ROM

108
Q

Which of the following is used to capture real and moving objects and displays it into a computer?

A

Digital camera

109
Q

Which of the following is related to a monitor?

A

Video display

110
Q

Which port in a PC is a modem normally connected?

A

Serial port

111
Q

What is a network with continuous loop communication?

A

Ring network

112
Q

What do you call a group or sectors on a storage medium that when accessed as a group speed up a data access?

A

Cluster

113
Q

A computer that interacts with a television
set is called:

A

Net computer

114
Q

What is the smallest unit of information handled by a computer?

A

Bit

115
Q

A collection of information that may be stored in more than one file is called

A

Data module

116
Q

Which one is a tiny electrically operated switch that can alternate between on and off million times?

A

Transistor

117
Q

A boot disk that contains operating system files plus antivirus software is called

A

rescue disk

118
Q

What do you call viruses designed to corrupt antivirus softwares?

A

Retro viruses

119
Q

A computer that is smaller and more portable than a computer notebook. It is sometimes called palm-top computer.

A

Personal digital assistant

120
Q

What do you call a communication network covering a geographical area the size of a city or suburban?

A

MAN

121
Q

What is a large computer called?

A

A main frame computer

122
Q

This term refers to preparing the disk for usage so that the operating system can be written on it. Which one?

A

Formatting

123
Q

What is a step-by-step drawing representing a specific procedures algorithm?

A

Assembler diagram

124
Q

What is used to translate high level statement into machine language?

A

Compiler or interpreter

125
Q

What code is widely used in mainframe computers?

A

EBCDIC

126
Q

What is RS 23207

A

An interface standard

127
Q

The term that refers to the physical equipment or components of an electronic data processing system?

A

Hardware

128
Q

Which one is NOT needed to be connected to the internet?

A. Modem
B. Security code
C. Telephone line
D. PC

A

Security code

129
Q

When the computer software is easy to use, it is termed as:

A

User friendly software

130
Q

What refers to a technique where each user of a computer takes turns, under the control of the operating system, using the entire computer main memory for a certain length of time?

A

Time sharing

131
Q

A multi-user system is similar to a multi-tasking system except that all users are:

A

using the same program

132
Q

A computer virus that infects the macros that are attached to documents and spreadsheets is called

A

Micro virus

133
Q

What do you call a computer that receives and stores e-mail data until retrieved by the email account holder?

A

POP server

134
Q

In computer work, an antivirus is

A

a software that scans a computer system to detect uses or other harmful software

135
Q

What do you call a microscopic plate of Silicon that contains thousands of micro miniature electronic circuit components?

A

Microchip

136
Q

Available for purchase software is known as:

A

Package software

137
Q

What code is a 7-bit code that allows only 128 different combinations and commonly used in microcomputers?

A

ASCII

138
Q

What do you call a person who gains illegal access to a computer system?

A

Hacker

139
Q

What do you call the process of retrieving a file from the internet and storing it in the PC?

A

Downloading

140
Q

All data processing systems involve the following operations regardless of the kind of data processed or the kind of device or equipment used. Which one of the following are these?

A

Input, processing and output

141
Q

What refers to a computer-base system in which a telephone message is recorded in digital form and then forwarded to others?

A

Voice mail

142
Q

It refers to the rate at which data is sent over communication lines. Which one?

A

Baud rate

143
Q

What holds data and instructions for further manipulation in the ALU?

A

Accumulator

144
Q

What is in a machine that implies that it is capable of absorbing and organizing new data, learning new concept reasoning logically and responding to inquiries?

A

Artificial intelligence

145
Q

“AT” Command is used in PC communications. What do you mean by “AT?

A

Attention

146
Q

Which of the following refers to a round piece of plastic that stores data and program as a magnetized spot?

A

Floppy disk

147
Q

It is a very powerful small component of a computer.

A

Chip

148
Q

What do you call series of concentric or spiral storage areas created on a storage medium during the formatting process?

A

Tracks

149
Q

What do you call a device that provides the computer with electricity if there is a power failure?

A

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

150
Q

What type of database stores all information in the equivalent of a matrix?

A

Relational database

151
Q

What is the term for a computer professional who plans an entire computer system?

A

Systems analyst

152
Q

What type of computer accepts input in handwriting on a screen?

A

Pen-based computer

153
Q

A megabyte is a computer term which means

A

a thousand kilobytes

154
Q

What is storage capacity of a 3 1/2 floppy disk?

A

1.44MB

155
Q

What is used to gain access to internet?

A

Browser

156
Q

Which one is not a data communication equipment?

A

Personal computer

157
Q

Which of the following devices merges signals?

A

Multiplexer

158
Q

Which one is not required in video conferencing through a PC?

A

Screen filter

159
Q

What do you call a collection of fields?

A

Record

160
Q

What device is used in converting a computer digital signal to analog signals for transmission over telephone wires?

A

Modem

161
Q

The Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) uses how many bits for each character?

A

8

162
Q

In a network of computers, what do you call the computer wherein commonly used files are stored and accessed?

A

File server

163
Q

The digital system usually operates on ____system.

A

binary

164
Q

Which one refers to a way of sending and receiving mails between a or more people through the global computer network?

A

Electronic mail

165
Q

What do you call a communication network that covers a geographical area such as a state or a country?

A

Wide area network

166
Q

What is another term for memory?

A

Primary storage

167
Q

It is the computerized data gathering, monitoring and switching equipment

A

SCADA

168
Q

What refers to the process or sending a copy of a file from a local computer to a remote computers

A

Uploading

169
Q

An individual computer can be interconnected to a network of computers using which of the following?

A

Network hub

170
Q

What type of communication system uses light, rather than electricity to communicate?

A

Fiber optic communication

171
Q

_____ is a device converting computer digital signals to analog signals for transmission over copper telephone wires and then back to digital signals

A

Modem

172
Q

An e-mail address should consist of which of the following?

A

User name and domain name

173
Q

Maximum capacity of a recordable compact disc

A

650 Mbytes

174
Q

Which of the following is a binary coding commonly used in computers?

A

ASCII

175
Q

What is the name of a place in the internet which can be accessed and gather information?

A

Web Site

176
Q

What do you call the making of illegal copies of copyrighted softwares?

A

Software piracy

177
Q

Which one is used in the screen of a laptop computer?

A

LCD

178
Q

In order for a program to run, it must be placed in the computer’s memory by a

A

loader

179
Q

For PC to PC communications, a data terminal equipment is directly connected to

A

DCE Equipment

180
Q

Which computer slot provides a high speed data pathway that is primarily used for graphics cards?

A

AGP

181
Q

Octal coding involves grouping the bits in ___

A

3s

182
Q

What is used to translate an assembly language code into machine language?

A

Assembler

183
Q

The EBCDIC allows a maximum of how many different characters?

A

256

184
Q

What is a network with a host computer called?

A

Star network

185
Q

It refers to a device that modulates and demodulates signals transmitted over data communication facilities

A

Modem

186
Q

What does ‘DTL’ means?

A

Diode Transistor Logic

187
Q

This slot in the computer typically houses a graphics card, sound card video card or modem. Which one?

A

PCI

188
Q

What part of the microprocessor fetches and decides the incoming instructions and generates the signals necessary for the arithmetic and logic unit to perform the intended function?

A

Control unit

189
Q

Which one refers to technological merger?

A

Digital convergence

190
Q

The process of notifying network that you are using a specific computer is called

A

log in

191
Q

What is another term for operating system (OS)

A

Monitor program

192
Q

If the program is placed in ROM or EPROM, it is referred to as

A

firmware

193
Q

What is the smallest type of computer in terms of their physical sizes?

A

Microcomputer

194
Q

What is a central processing unit (CPU) on a single chip?

A

Microprocessor

195
Q

What is the function of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?

A

Executes command and manipulates data

196
Q

Which of the following is a volatile memory?

A

RAM

197
Q

What are used for temporary storage of instructions or data?

A

Registers

198
Q

What code results when each digit of a decimal number is represented by its binary equivalent?

A

Binary coded decimal

199
Q

What provide temporary data storage in sequential order usually on a last-in, first out basis?

A

Stacks

200
Q

What refers to a program that controls the computer at its most basic level and provides the environment for application programs?

A

Operating system

201
Q

A byte is composed of how many bits?

A

8

202
Q

What is the term used to describe a copyrighted software marketed under a license that allows users to use the software for a trial period and then send in a registration fee if they wish to continue the use of it?

A

Trial software

203
Q

Data does not need to be refreshed and remains as long as the power stays on for what type of memory?

A

Static memory

204
Q

What is the meaning of SCADA?

A

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

205
Q

What memory contains the BIOS that is read in when the computer is first started?

A

OS memory

206
Q

Which of the following is not performed by a computer?

A

understanding

207
Q

1 kilobytes is equal to?

A

1 024 bytes

208
Q

Principle behind fiber optic communication?

A

reflection

209
Q

Process of adding geographical identification w/c include latitude and longitude coordinate of the place.

A

geotagging

210
Q

____ is device converting computer digital signals to analog signals for transmission over copper telephone wires and then back to o digital signals.

A

Modem

211
Q
A

ESAS (2 decks)

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