Computer Fundamentals Flashcards
An abbreviation for binary digit is
bit
A byte is composed of how many bits?
8 adjacent binary digits (bits)
1 KB is how many bytes?
1000 bytes
The largest binary number that can obtained with 16 bits in its decimal equivalent is
65535
The number of bytes in 48k memory is
ASCII means?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
What is the most widely used 7-bit alphanumeric code? (letter only)
ASCII
What is a computer programming language in which groups of 1s and 0s are used to represent instructions and the only language a computer actually understood?
Machine language
An area of memory that holds the ASCII characters that are being displayed on a monitor is called ___
screen image
Processors with more than two registers for arithmetic and logical operations are classified as:
general register processors
What input device translates motions of a ball rolled on a flat surface to the monitor screen? (Apr 2018)
Mouse
What is the system program used to translate directly an assembly language to machine language called?
Assembler
What is an operand address?
The address of the data to be operated as the CPU executes the
instruction called for by the 2p code.
What is the standard method for coding data on 80-column, 12-row card?
Hollerith code
A software program designed to enter a computer system, usually a network, through security “holes’ and then replicate itself.
Worm
What refers to the computer’s use of hard disk storage to simulate RAM?
virtual memory
What is a set of instructions that resides an a storage device, such as a hard drive, and can be loaded into memory and executed called?
Stored program
Which of the following devices is NOT serially interfaced to a PC?
Printer
____ is a software that allows users to have fast and flexible access to information in large documents, constructing associations among data items needed.
Hypertext
Which memory holds the most recently read and frequently read data in
memory, making subsequent retrieval of that data much faster than reading from a tape or disk drive or even from the main memory?
Cache memory
A large application or program is divided into modules of equal size
called
pages
What 5-bit code that has long been used in Telex and teletypewriter communications?
Baudot Code
What is the term for a deadlock situation that occurs when a program references a different page for almost every instruction, and there is not even enough real memory to hold most of the virtual memory?
Thrashing
What is a single word memory location used to temporarily hold data during program execution?
Register
What refers to the debugging method in which the program is executed one instruction at a time and the register contents can be examined after each step?
Trace
In a computer system, _______ is a hardware unit where the control keys are located
Console
All are the parts of the computer hardware organization except one. Which one?
assembler
The data manipulated by a program is called ____ depending on its nature and extent
all of the choices (database, file, input)
Which one represents machine instructions by mnemonic names and allows memory addresses and other constants to be represented by Symbols rather than bit strings?
Assembly language
Which of the following is an instruction that causes data to be brought from memory into an accumulator register?
LOAD
What term is used to describe storing of data into a memory?
Writing
What register holds the data being written into or read out of the addressed memory location?
Memory data Register
What does “CMOS” means?
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
___ a system software that translate a program written in a computer language by a computer programmer (such as BASIC) into the language (machine language) that the computer understand.
Language translator
What do you call a translated program in machine language?
An object program
A program designed to attached itself to a file, reproduce, and spread from one file to another, destroying data, displaying an irritating: message, or otherwise disrupting computer operations.
Computer virus
Which one is the portion of an instruction cycle where the instruction is
sent from memory to the instruction register?
FETCH
The decimal system is composed of how many numerals or symbols?
10
A special file that is used by the operating system to store the physical location of all the files on a storage medium, such as a hard disk or floppy disk is called ___
File allocation table
What is that part of a computer instruction that defines what type of Operation the computer is to execute on specified data?
Op code
A digital circuit is also known as:
logic circuit
What does “TTL” means?
Transistor Transistor Logic
Which computer port is commonly used in order to speed up the transfer of the computer data?
Parallel port
Which device puts data on the data bus during a write operation?
CPU
What is an instruction mnemonic?
A short abbreviation for the operation
What is the term used to describe the moving of software from another computer to your own computer?
Downloading
What abbreviation represents the op code of a computer instruction?
Mnemonic
Which of the following classes of mass memory devices use a laser beam to write and read onto a specified coated disk?
Optical disk memory
Which of the following is the busiest bus and the one that carries that actual data?
Data bus
HTTP:// is an identifier that appears at the beginning of most Web page.
What does HTTP stands for?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
A megabyte is exactly ____ bytes
1 018 576
The bus that communicates control and status information is the
Control bus
What do you call a program stored in ROM that loads and initializes the operating system on a computer?
Bootstrap program
What is the term for a computer or software that requests information from another computer or server
Client
A software that translates a program written in a high-level language into low-level instructions before the program is executed is called
Compiler
The term “bus” refers to:
the physical path along which the signal travels
What computer memory is used during the first cycles of data processing activity?
Cache memory
A parity bit is also called ___ is an extra bit attached to the end of a byte for purposes of checking for accuracy.
check bit
Which of the following belongs to a class of codes called the minimum change codes, in which only one bit in the code group changes when going from one step to the next?
Gray code
What is the difference between the high and low frequency spectrum?
Bandwidth
What does ‘DTML’ means?
Diode Transistor Micro Logic
A group of records are stored in a ___
file
Which of the following takes the complete decimal number and represents it in binary?
Straight binary code
All are basic operation in Boolean Algebra except:
Logical subtraction
What is the most common type of digital IC package?
DIP
What refers to the time with which a disk can find data being sought?
Access time
What type of database contains records in an organized, structured format?
Hierarchical database
In what slot does the CD drive will be connected to the mother board of
the computer?
IDE slot
______ two way parallel path connecting processors and memory containing addresses.
Address bus
What is the smallest changeable data unit?
Bit
The command line in basic programming is always started by which of the following?
Integer
An instruction that alters the normal course of a program by causing it to jump to another instruction is the ___
JUMP
An instruction that causes data in the accumulator to be moved to the memory or a peripheral register.
STORE
What refers to a specific register that always points to the address of the next instruction to be executed?
Program counter
What is the term for a high-speed memory used to store a small amount of data temporarily so that the data can be retrieved quickly?
Scratchpad memory
What program is executed on several different computers to compare their speed and performance?
Benchmark
A computer or software on the network that supplies the network with data and storage is called
server
Which of the following has a function of directing memory and I/O devices transfers?
Address bus
What is the language used in making an internet web page?
Hypertext Mark-up Language
What do you mean by the acronym “DCTL”?
Direct Coupled Transistor Logic
What register holds the current instruction during its execution?
Instruction register
A BCD code has how many bits per number?
4
A non impact printer that forms images with little dots and produces high quality images
Inkjet printer
A nibble is composed of how many bits?
4
The term firmware is used to describe programs stored in which of the following memory hardware?
ROMs and EPROMS
Which one refers to an assembly of computer hardware and software enables computers to share data, software and other resources with each other?
Local area network
In digit codes, how do identify codes running from 0 to 1 or run from 0 - 7?
binary
What is needed to translate a high-level program into a sequence of machine instructions that performs the desired Task?
Compiler
Text editors and formatters belong to which area of computing?
Word processing
A computer program that appears to perform one function while actually doing something else, such as inserting a virus into a computer system, or stealing a password
Trojan horse
Which one refers to a device that amplifies a signal and passes it on?
Repeater
What refers to characters that can be displayed or printed, including numerals and symbols?
Alphanumeric data
What refers to the manner in which alphanumeric data and control characters are represented by sequences of bits?
Coding
What type of fie has a record of web site activity?
Cookie file
What memory in a computer is used to hold the computer’s start up routine?
ROM
What term is used to describe retrieval of data from a memory?
Reading
What type of bus carries the memory address from the computer to the memory? ___ bus
Address
What type of bus carries lines that control the operation of the memory from the microprocessor to the memory? ___ bus
Control
What register holds line address of the word currently being accessed? ___
memory address register
A state of the art technology designed to provide supervisory control and data acquisition capability for industrial, commercial and utility power substation and systems.
SCADA
What is a technique used to ensure that the bits within a memory byte are correct?
Parity
What is the term for a sequence of computer instructions that performs some functions?
Program
If the executable program is kept on disk or tape, it is normally referred to as
software
What do you call a network where people can retrieve information, communicate, entertain or do business from the comfort of a PC?
Internet
What do you call a projector that will be used to project video signals from a computer?
Multimedia projector
A type of computer memory circuit that holds data program Instructions, and the operating system while the computer is on
RAM
What refers to one or more integrated circuits that contain permanent Instructions that the computer uses during boot process?
ROM
Which of the following is used to capture real and moving objects and displays it into a computer?
Digital camera
Which of the following is related to a monitor?
Video display
Which port in a PC is a modem normally connected?
Serial port
What is a network with continuous loop communication?
Ring network
What do you call a group or sectors on a storage medium that when accessed as a group speed up a data access?
Cluster
A computer that interacts with a television
set is called:
Net computer
What is the smallest unit of information handled by a computer?
Bit
A collection of information that may be stored in more than one file is called
Data module
Which one is a tiny electrically operated switch that can alternate between on and off million times?
Transistor
A boot disk that contains operating system files plus antivirus software is called
rescue disk
What do you call viruses designed to corrupt antivirus softwares?
Retro viruses
A computer that is smaller and more portable than a computer notebook. It is sometimes called palm-top computer.
Personal digital assistant
What do you call a communication network covering a geographical area the size of a city or suburban?
MAN
What is a large computer called?
A main frame computer
This term refers to preparing the disk for usage so that the operating system can be written on it. Which one?
Formatting
What is a step-by-step drawing representing a specific procedures algorithm?
Assembler diagram
What is used to translate high level statement into machine language?
Compiler or interpreter
What code is widely used in mainframe computers?
EBCDIC
What is RS 23207
An interface standard
The term that refers to the physical equipment or components of an electronic data processing system?
Hardware
Which one is NOT needed to be connected to the internet?
A. Modem
B. Security code
C. Telephone line
D. PC
Security code
When the computer software is easy to use, it is termed as:
User friendly software
What refers to a technique where each user of a computer takes turns, under the control of the operating system, using the entire computer main memory for a certain length of time?
Time sharing
A multi-user system is similar to a multi-tasking system except that all users are:
using the same program
A computer virus that infects the macros that are attached to documents and spreadsheets is called
Micro virus
What do you call a computer that receives and stores e-mail data until retrieved by the email account holder?
POP server
In computer work, an antivirus is
a software that scans a computer system to detect uses or other harmful software
What do you call a microscopic plate of Silicon that contains thousands of micro miniature electronic circuit components?
Microchip
Available for purchase software is known as:
Package software
What code is a 7-bit code that allows only 128 different combinations and commonly used in microcomputers?
ASCII
What do you call a person who gains illegal access to a computer system?
Hacker
What do you call the process of retrieving a file from the internet and storing it in the PC?
Downloading
All data processing systems involve the following operations regardless of the kind of data processed or the kind of device or equipment used. Which one of the following are these?
Input, processing and output
What refers to a computer-base system in which a telephone message is recorded in digital form and then forwarded to others?
Voice mail
It refers to the rate at which data is sent over communication lines. Which one?
Baud rate
What holds data and instructions for further manipulation in the ALU?
Accumulator
What is in a machine that implies that it is capable of absorbing and organizing new data, learning new concept reasoning logically and responding to inquiries?
Artificial intelligence
“AT” Command is used in PC communications. What do you mean by “AT?
Attention
Which of the following refers to a round piece of plastic that stores data and program as a magnetized spot?
Floppy disk
It is a very powerful small component of a computer.
Chip
What do you call series of concentric or spiral storage areas created on a storage medium during the formatting process?
Tracks
What do you call a device that provides the computer with electricity if there is a power failure?
Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
What type of database stores all information in the equivalent of a matrix?
Relational database
What is the term for a computer professional who plans an entire computer system?
Systems analyst
What type of computer accepts input in handwriting on a screen?
Pen-based computer
A megabyte is a computer term which means
a thousand kilobytes
What is storage capacity of a 3 1/2 floppy disk?
1.44MB
What is used to gain access to internet?
Browser
Which one is not a data communication equipment?
Personal computer
Which of the following devices merges signals?
Multiplexer
Which one is not required in video conferencing through a PC?
Screen filter
What do you call a collection of fields?
Record
What device is used in converting a computer digital signal to analog signals for transmission over telephone wires?
Modem
The Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) uses how many bits for each character?
8
In a network of computers, what do you call the computer wherein commonly used files are stored and accessed?
File server
The digital system usually operates on ____system.
binary
Which one refers to a way of sending and receiving mails between a or more people through the global computer network?
Electronic mail
What do you call a communication network that covers a geographical area such as a state or a country?
Wide area network
What is another term for memory?
Primary storage
It is the computerized data gathering, monitoring and switching equipment
SCADA
What refers to the process or sending a copy of a file from a local computer to a remote computers
Uploading
An individual computer can be interconnected to a network of computers using which of the following?
Network hub
What type of communication system uses light, rather than electricity to communicate?
Fiber optic communication
_____ is a device converting computer digital signals to analog signals for transmission over copper telephone wires and then back to digital signals
Modem
An e-mail address should consist of which of the following?
User name and domain name
Maximum capacity of a recordable compact disc
650 Mbytes
Which of the following is a binary coding commonly used in computers?
ASCII
What is the name of a place in the internet which can be accessed and gather information?
Web Site
What do you call the making of illegal copies of copyrighted softwares?
Software piracy
Which one is used in the screen of a laptop computer?
LCD
In order for a program to run, it must be placed in the computer’s memory by a
loader
For PC to PC communications, a data terminal equipment is directly connected to
DCE Equipment
Which computer slot provides a high speed data pathway that is primarily used for graphics cards?
AGP
Octal coding involves grouping the bits in ___
3s
What is used to translate an assembly language code into machine language?
Assembler
The EBCDIC allows a maximum of how many different characters?
256
What is a network with a host computer called?
Star network
It refers to a device that modulates and demodulates signals transmitted over data communication facilities
Modem
What does ‘DTL’ means?
Diode Transistor Logic
This slot in the computer typically houses a graphics card, sound card video card or modem. Which one?
PCI
What part of the microprocessor fetches and decides the incoming instructions and generates the signals necessary for the arithmetic and logic unit to perform the intended function?
Control unit
Which one refers to technological merger?
Digital convergence
The process of notifying network that you are using a specific computer is called
log in
What is another term for operating system (OS)
Monitor program
If the program is placed in ROM or EPROM, it is referred to as
firmware
What is the smallest type of computer in terms of their physical sizes?
Microcomputer
What is a central processing unit (CPU) on a single chip?
Microprocessor
What is the function of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?
Executes command and manipulates data
Which of the following is a volatile memory?
RAM
What are used for temporary storage of instructions or data?
Registers
What code results when each digit of a decimal number is represented by its binary equivalent?
Binary coded decimal
What provide temporary data storage in sequential order usually on a last-in, first out basis?
Stacks
What refers to a program that controls the computer at its most basic level and provides the environment for application programs?
Operating system
A byte is composed of how many bits?
8
What is the term used to describe a copyrighted software marketed under a license that allows users to use the software for a trial period and then send in a registration fee if they wish to continue the use of it?
Trial software
Data does not need to be refreshed and remains as long as the power stays on for what type of memory?
Static memory
What is the meaning of SCADA?
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
What memory contains the BIOS that is read in when the computer is first started?
OS memory
Which of the following is not performed by a computer?
understanding
1 kilobytes is equal to?
1 024 bytes
Principle behind fiber optic communication?
reflection
Process of adding geographical identification w/c include latitude and longitude coordinate of the place.
geotagging
____ is device converting computer digital signals to analog signals for transmission over copper telephone wires and then back to o digital signals.
Modem
