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Information Technology Essentials > Computer Components > Flashcards

Computer Components Flashcards

1
Q

what does a computer do?

A

computer processes input from the user and displays the output

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2
Q

Define ESD

A

Electrostatic discharge is potentially damaging discharge of thousands of volts

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3
Q

How to prevent ESD damage

A
  • Keep all components in antistatic bags until you are ready to install them.
  • Use grounded mats on workbenches.
  • Use grounded floor mats in work areas.
  • Use antistatic wrist straps when working inside computers.
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4
Q

What does the case/tower of a computer host?

A

Internal components of a desktop computer

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5
Q

Internal components of a computer

A
  • power supply
  • motherboard
  • central processing unit (CPU)
  • RAM
  • disk drives
  • assorted adapter cards
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6
Q

What is a device form factor?

A

Refers to its physical design and look

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7
Q

How do computers avoid overheating?

A

They contain fans that move air through the case. As the air passes warm components, it absorbs heat and then exits the case.

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8
Q

What is AC (alternating current)?

A

Electricity from wall outlets

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9
Q

What is DC (direct current)?

A

lower voltage converted AC power that computers use

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10
Q

What is AT (advanced technology)?

A

original power supply for computer systems now considered obsolete

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11
Q

What is ATX (AT Extended)?

A

updated version of AT but still considered obsolete

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12
Q

What is ATX12V?

A
  • most common power supply on the market today
  • includes a second motherboard connector to provide dedicated power to the CPU
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13
Q

What is EPS12V?

A

originally designed for network servers but is now commonly used in high-end desktop models

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14
Q

What are connectors?

A

connectors are used to power various internal components such as the motherboard and disk drives

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15
Q

Types of connectors

A
  • 20/24-pin slotted connector
  • SATA keyed connector
  • Molex keyed connector
  • Berg keyed connector
  • 4 to 8-pin auxiliary power connector
  • 6/8-pin PCIe power connector
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16
Q

List 3

what are the most common voltages?

A

3.3v, 5v, 12v

17
Q

What is a CPU?

A

responsible for interpreting and executing commands

18
Q

What is RAM?

A

volatile memory to store data and applications

19
Q

What are expansion slots?

A

provide locations to connect additional components

20
Q

What is a chipset?

A
  • consists of the motherboard’s electronic components, which manage how hardware communicates with the CPU and motherboard
  • establishes how much memory can be added to a motherboard and the type of connectors on the motherboard
21
Q

what is a basic input/output system (BIOS) chip

A

used to help boot (start) the computer and control the flow of data between the hard drive, video card, keyboard, mouse, and more

22
Q

what is a Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) chip?

A
  • replaced BIOS chip
  • specifies a different firmware for boot and runtime services
23
Q

What is a Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) connector?

A
  • disk drive interface used for connecting optical drives, hard drives, and solid-state drives to the motherboard
  • supports hot swapping
24
Q

what is an Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) connector?

A
  • older standard interface for connecting disk drives to the motherboard
  • uses a 40-pin connector
  • supports a maximum of two devices
25
Q

what is an internal USB?

A

A 19-pin connector is used to connect the external USB 3 ports on the computer case to the motherboard. USB 1.1 and USB 2 connectors have 9 pins.

26
Q

2 types

what are the most common types of chipsets?

A

Northbridge and Southbridge

27
Q

what does the Northbridge chipset do?

A
  • controls high speed access to the RAM and video card
  • controls the speed at which the CPU communicates with all of the other components
  • sometimes Video capability is sometimes integrated into the Northbridge
28
Q

what does the Southbridge chipset do?

A

allows the CPU to communicate with slower speed devices including hard drives, Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, and expansion slots

29
Q

what are the 3 common form factors of motherboards?

A
  • Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX)
  • Micro-ATX
  • ITX
30
Q

(list 3)

description of ATX form factor

A
  • most popular
  • 12” x 9” inches
31
Q

description of micro-ATX form factor

A
  • smaller footprint than ATX
  • popular in desktop and small form factor compuetrs
  • 9.6” x 9.6”
32
Q

description of mini-ITX form factor

A
  • designed for small devices i.e. thin clients
  • 6.7” x 6.7”
33
Q

description of ITX form factor

A
  • comparable to micro-ITX form factor
  • 8.5” x 7.5”

Information Technology Essentials (3 decks)

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