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I.T. Bridge Class > Computer Basics > Flashcards

Computer Basics Flashcards

1
Q

is going to use flash memory technology to implement persistent mass storage instead of using rotating and spinning platters

A

SOLID STATE DEVICE (SSD)

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2
Q

essentially going to allow you
to combine multiple physical hard disks
into a single logical hard disk drive
inside of the operating system.

A

REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INDEPENDENT DISKS (RAID)

Tip:
RAID 0: Fast, but risky. No redundancy.
RAID 1: Safe, but not as fast. One-to-one mirroring.
RAID 5: Balanced performance and redundancy.
Distributed parity.
RAID 6: Super safe with dual parity. Can withstand two
drive failures.
RAID 10: Best of both worlds. Mirrored striping for speed
and safety.

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3
Q

describes the act of removing components from or plugging them into a computer system while the power remains switched on. This means that parts can be changed without shutting down or rebooting a computer or server.
The drive interfaces include things like USB, Thunderbolt, and eSATA.

A

Hot Swappable

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4
Q

provides the mechanisms for workflow and process automation by controlling machinery using embedded devices that are designed to perform a specific and dedicated function.

is heavily used to control real-world devices in critical infrastructure. Things like power suppliers, water suppliers, healthcare services, telecommunication,
and natural security services. If you interconnect multiple, together, you can actually create a distributed control
system or DCS.

A

Industrial control system (ICS)

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5
Q

is a control system architecture comprising computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces for high-level supervision of machines and processes. It also covers sensors and other devices, such as programmable logic controllers, which interface with process plant or machinery.

A

Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)

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6
Q

specially designed automated control system that consists of geographically distributed control elements over the plant or control area.
If you interconnect multiple .. together, you can actually create it.

A

Distrubuted Control System(DCS)

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7
Q

in computing the process of simulating hardware and software in a virutal (software) environment.

Consolidating various servers into one server (Hypervisor) machine which can run multiple applications.

A

VIRTUALIZATION

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8
Q

are lightweight, portable, and share the host Operating System for various applications. Unlike V.M.s, It does not require a separate O.S. for each applicaiton. Technologies like Docker and Kubernetes are popular for it’s orchestration and management.

A

Container-based Virtualization

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9
Q

is a phenomenon that occurs when the number of virtual machines (VMs) on a network reaches a point where administrators can no longer manage them effectively.

A

Virtualization Sprawl

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10
Q

Software that enables one computer system to behave like another computer system

A

Emulator

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11
Q

is the on-demand delivery of computing
resources over the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Instead
of buying, owning, and maintaining a physical data center, you
can access technology services, such as computing power,
storage, and databases, as you need them from a cloud
provider.

A

Cloud computing

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12
Q

allow one computer program to make its data and functionality
available for other programs to use. Developers use… to connect software components across a network.

A

Application programming interfaces (APIs)

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13
Q

is a software interface that allows developers to link cloud
computing services together

A

Cloud API

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14
Q

is a serial expansion bus standard (slots) for connecting a computer to one or more peripheral devices.

It allows high bandwidth communication between the device and the motherboard, and other hardware.

A

Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe or PCI-E)

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15
Q

is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives.

A

SATA (Serial AT Attachment)

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16
Q

It’s a type of computer memory
that contains one or several random access memory (RAM) chips on a small circuit board with pins that connect it to the computer motherboard. Are also known as RAM sticks.

A

Dual in-Line Memory Module (DIMM)

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17
Q

Standardized telecommunication network interface, including connectors and wiring standards

A

Registered jack (RJ45)

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18
Q

plays a critical role in computing because it allows computers to store and manipulate data using a system of switches that can be turned on or off, represented by the digits 0 and 1. This
code can represent any type of data, from text and numbers to images and sound. Without it would be impossible for computers to communicate, perform calculations or store information.

A

Binary

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19
Q

When referring to software, it is a program that allows a user to interact with computers in person or over a network. It may also refer to controls used in a program that allow the user to interact with the program. One of the best examples of it, is a GUI (Graphical User Interface).

A

Interface

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20
Q

A foundation of your PC, which acts as a hub of connectivity for all your components. There are four primary form factors: Mini-ITX,Micro-ATX, ATX, E-ATX.

A

Motherboard

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21
Q

is a cloud computing model that provides on-demand access to computing resources such as servers, storage, networking, and virtualization. -Adminstrator

A

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

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22
Q

a complete development and deployment environment in the cloud, with resources that enable you to deliver everything from simple cloud-based apps to sophisticated, cloud-enabled enterprise applications. -

A

Platform as a service (PaaS)

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23
Q

allows users to connect to and use cloud-based apps over the Internet. Common examples are email, calendaring, and office tools (such as Microsoft Office 365). Provides a complete software solution that you purchase on a pay-as-you-go basis from a cloud service provider. - End Users

A

Software as a service (SaaS)

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24
Q

providing high-performance and scalable storage solutions.

A

Network-attached storage (nas)

25
Q

is the smallest unit of data in computing. It can represent one of two values: 0 or 1, like a light switch being off (0) or on (1). It is the building blocks of all digital information.

A

Bit

26
Q

a group of 8 bits, a small container that can hold 8 switches, each either off (0) or on (1). It used to represent characters (like letters or numbers) in computers. For example, the letter “A” is represented as 01000001 in binary, which is 1 …

A

Byte

27
Q

is the transfer of data over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel.
sending and receiving data via cables (e.g., telephone lines or fibre optics) or wireless systems.

A

Data Transmission

28
Q
A

Speed of Data Transmission

29
Q

is a port on a motherboard that can hold an expansion card to expand the computer’s functionality, like a video card, network card, or sound card.

A

Expansion Slot

30
Q

is a standard table of seven-bit designations for digital representation of uppercase and lowercase Roman letters, numbers and special control characters in teletype, computer and word processor systems.

A

The American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII)

31
Q

allows users to interact with their computer through visual elements such as icons, buttons, and menus.

A

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

32
Q

is software stored on a small memory chip on the motherboard. It’s … that’s responsible for the POST and therefore makes it the very first software to run when a computer is started.

A

Basic Input/Output Services (BIOS)

33
Q

is a specification that defines the architecture of the platform firmware used for booting the computer hardware and its interface for interaction with the operating system.

A

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface(UEFI)

34
Q

is a series of system checks run by computers and other electronic devices when they are turned on.

A

Power On Self Test. ( P.O.S.T.)

35
Q

is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled

A

Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack (DDOS)

36
Q

refers to a network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances and other physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software and network connectivity that allows them to collect and share data. These devices — also known as “smart objects” — can range from simple “smart home” devices like smart thermostats, to wearables like smartwatches and RFID-enabled clothing, to complex industrial machinery and transportation systems. Technologists are even envisioning entire “smart cities” predicated on technologies.

A

Internet of Things (IoT)

37
Q

An electronic device that can perform calculations.

A

Computer

38
Q

Physical computer equipment such as electrical, electronic, magnetic, and mechanical devices. Anything in the computer world you can hold in your hand.

A

Hardware

39
Q

Is memory that can be accessed at random…that is, a memory that you can write to or read from without touching the preceding address.

A

Random Access memory (RAM)

40
Q

Connector A 15-pin, three-row, D-type monitor connector. Goes by many other names such as D-shell, D-Subminiature connector, DB-15, DE-15 and HD15.

A

Video Graphics Array (VGA)

41
Q

“Brain” of the computer. Microprocessor that handles primary calculations for the computer. Also known by names Corei7 and Opteron.

A

Cenral processing Unit (CPU)

42
Q

Flat piece of circuit board that resides inside your computer case and has a number of connectors on it. Every device in a PC connects directly or indirectly to it like RAM, HDD, CPU, optical drives, keyboard, mouse.

A

motherboard

43
Q

Device that extends a single USB connection to two or more USB ports, almost always directly from one of the USB ports connected to the root hub.

A

USB HUB

44
Q

integrated circuit is normally bullt into the chipset that acts as the interface between the system and every USB device that connects to it.

A

USB host controller

45
Q

Fast internet connection from a cable TV provider via RG-6 or RG-59 cable and cable modem.

A

Cable internet

46
Q

cabling in which an internal conductor is surrounded by another, outer conductor, thus sharing the same axis

A

Coaxial cable

47
Q

cable high-speed cable for transmitting data, made of high-purity glass sealed within an opaque tube.

A

fiber optic

48
Q

Allows your computer to communicate over a network and access the internet. It can connect with Ethernet cable or through a wireless connection called Wi-fi. Many motherboards have built-in network connections, and a card can also be added to an expansion slot.

A

Network Card

49
Q

is a technology for wireless communication over short distance. its often used in computers to communicate with wireless keyboards.

A

Bluetooth

50
Q

is a family of open-source operating systems, which means they can be modified and distrubted by anyone around the world.

A

Linux

51
Q

is responsible for what you see on the monitor. Most computers have a GPU built into the motherboard instead of separate….

A

Video Card

52
Q

runs directly on the host machine’s physical hardware, and it’s refeered to as a bare-metal hypervisor.

A

Hypervisor Type 1

53
Q

is typically installed on top of an existing OS. It relies on the pre-existing OS to manage calls to CPU, memory, storage and network resources.

A

Hypervisor Type 2

54
Q

The system running (or hosting) a virtual machine.

A

Host (virtualization)

55
Q

interface standard which allows greater throughput of data and increased efficiency.

A

NVMe

56
Q

An application you can use to install Linux and have it completely isolated from your machine

A

Virtual Box

57
Q

unit in a computer converts the power from the wall outlet to the type of power needed by the computer. it sends power through cbles to the motherboard and other components.

A

Power Supply

58
Q

is a program that has two jobs: to replicate and to activate.

A

Virus

59
Q

is a process performed by firmware or software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on.[1]

A

power-on self-test (POST)

I.T. Bridge Class (4 decks)

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