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CRDR > COMPUTER > Flashcards

COMPUTER Flashcards

1
Q

a machine that can be programmed automatically, carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations, an electronic device that manipulates information, or data.

A

Computer

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2
Q

5 Basic Functions of Computer

A

Store
Output
Input
Analyze
Process

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3
Q

Earliest calculating tool, was invented in ________, and is still used in some parts of Asia

A

Abacus

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4
Q

Older in Abacus. Done is stone tablet

A

Caligraphy

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5
Q

Two mathematicians that built mechanical calculators using pegged wheels that could performed the four basic arithmetic function

A

Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz

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6
Q

Invented by Blaise Pascal. What is its function? Problem?

A

Pascaline - Addition & Subtraction
Problem - Highly Expensive

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7
Q

Invented by Gottfried Leibniz. What is its function?

A

Step Reckoner - Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division

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8
Q

TOMOGRAPHY means

A

Tomo - slices
Graphy - image

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9
Q

Father of Computer

A

Charles Babbage

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10
Q

designed a tabulating machine to record census data in 1890.

A

Herman Hollerith

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11
Q

The tabulating machine stored information as __________ that was interpreted by machines with _______.

A

holes on cards; electrical sensors

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12
Q

designed an analytical engine that performed general calculations automatically

A

Charles Babbage

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13
Q

First electronic digital computing device

A

ABC Computer

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14
Q

built the first digital electronic computer

A

John Atansoff and Clifford Berry

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15
Q

ABC computer was designed with a specific purpose to solve systems of simultaneous up to ___________.

A

29 linear equations

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16
Q

First fully operational working computer

A

Colossus

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17
Q

Colossus was designed to _________

A

crack encrytped German military codes

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18
Q

When was Colossus build?

A

December 1943

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19
Q

The first general purpose electronic computer

A

ENIAC

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20
Q

ENIAC contained more than _________ that failed at an average rate of one every ______

A

18, 000 vacuum tubes; \7 minutes

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21
Q

The first general purpose electronic computer developed in the year _______, at __________ by at a cost of

A

1946; University of Pennsylvania; 500, 000 dollars

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22
Q

First generation computer and year?

A

Vacuum Tube (1951 - 1958)

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23
Q

Second generation computer and year?

A

Transistors (1959 - 1964)

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24
Q

Third generation computer and year?

A

Integrated Circuits (1965 - 1970)

25
Q

Fourth generation computer and year?

A

Microprocessor (1971 - Present)

26
Q

The brainstem of the computer

A

Microprocessor

27
Q

device that input information into the computer

A

Input devices

28
Q

output information from the computer

A

Output devices

29
Q

Examples of Output and Input devices

A

Input - Mouse, Keyboard, scanner, DC
Output - Speaker, Monitor, Screen

30
Q

Includes all parts of Computer

A

Computer Hardware

31
Q

Includes all programs that are installed or instructions for completing tasks

A

Computer Software

32
Q

Also called as the microprocessor or brain of computer. Usually measured in ______

A

Central Processing Unit

33
Q

5 brands of processors

A

Pentium
Celeron
MAC
AMD
Cyrix

34
Q

Contains millions of transistors and are small pieces of semi conducting materials (silicon)

A

Computer Chip

35
Q

Mechanical storage device located internally

A

Hard drive

36
Q

CD ROM

A

Compact Disk Read Only Memory

37
Q

Optical device read by diode laser

A

CD ROM

38
Q

Magnetic storage device for small amounts of data ( _______ )

A

Floppy Diskette - 1.44 mb

39
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory

40
Q

stores data that is processing. This type of data is erased when the computer is turned off.

A

RAM

41
Q

Contains special instruction for the computer to operate

A

ROM

42
Q

Increases the speed of the processor by recording and anticipating instructions

A

Cache Memory

43
Q

Sets of images and icons seen on the desktop used to operate a program

A

GUI

44
Q

small pictures that represent files, commands, or windows

A

Icons

45
Q

video memory enhances the refreshment rate of the image

A

VRAM

46
Q

have chipsets that can increase the speed of video display

A

Video cards

47
Q

Interface between the computer and another peripheral device such as disk drive, mouse, printer

A

Ports

48
Q

network usually in the same company / building. It is connected via ________ or ________

A

LAN
telephone lines; radiowaves

49
Q

system of LAN connect workstations

A

WAN

50
Q

rate at which information is transferred in a communication channel

A

Baud rate

51
Q

how much information can be carried in a given period of time

A

Bandwidth

52
Q

how many bytes?
1 KB
1 MB
1 GB
1 TB

A

1 KB - 1042 bytes
1 MB - 1024 kilobytes / 1 million
1 GB - 1024 megabytes / 1 billion
1 TB - 1024 gigabytes / 1 trillion

53
Q

composed of 8 bits

A

byte

54
Q

standard unit of measurement

A

byte

55
Q

ability to execute more than 1 task at the same time. Only 1 CPU is used

A

Multitasking

56
Q

more than one CPU is use to complete a task

A

Multiprocessing

57
Q

include sound, pictures, video, text, and hypertext to create presentations

A

Multimedia software programs

58
Q
A
59
Q
A

CRDR (2 decks)

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