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AWS Professional Solution Architect > Compute > Flashcards

Compute Flashcards

Intro to Compute Services (34 cards)

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1
Q

List Compute Services

A
  1. Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
  2. Elastic Container Services (ECS)
  3. Elastic Container Registry (ECR)
  4. Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes (EKS)
  5. AWS Elastic Beanstalk
  6. AWS Lambda
  7. AWS Batch
  8. Elastic Load Balancing
  9. EC2 Auto Scaling
  10. AWS Outpost (On-Premises Hybrid Cloud Options)
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2
Q

What is Compute?

A

Compute resources are the brains and processing power required by applications and systems to carry out computational taks via a series of instructions.

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3
Q

What is the EC2 Service? (Elastic Compute Cloud)

A

This services allows you to deploy Virtual Servers in your AWS Environment

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4
Q

What are the EC2 Components?

A
  1. Amazon Machine Images (AMI)
  2. Instance Types
  3. Instance purchasing options
  4. Tenancy
  5. User data
  6. Storage options
  7. Security
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5
Q

What are AMI?

A

AMIs are templates for pre-configured EC2 instances, which allow you to quickly launch a new EC2 instance based on the configuration defined within the AMI.

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6
Q

Which AMIs are available?

A
  • Standard AWS AMIs
  • Custom AMIs are possible in AWS.
  • In the AWS Marketplace you can also purchase vendor AMIs, with applications and configurations already made. Optimized
  • Comunity AMIs which are public and shared with everyone.
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7
Q

Which parameters are predefined in the Instance types?

A
  1. Nr. of vCPUs (virtual CPUs)
  2. Architecture - Processor architecture such as i386, x86, or ARM
  3. Memory
  4. Storage
  5. Storage Type
  6. Network performance
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8
Q

Categories or Families of instance types?

A
  • General Purpose
  • Compute Optimized
  • Memory Optimized
  • Accelerated Computing
  • Storage Optimized
  • HPC Optimized
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9
Q

Describe General Purpose instant types:

A
  • balanced mix of CPU, memory and storage
  • ideal for small to medium data bases, tet and development environments or web servers.
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10
Q

Describe Compute Optimized instant types:

A
  • Focus on compute power
  • Ideal for applications requiring high performance processors, such as batch processing or machine learning
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11
Q

Describe memory optimized instant types:

A
  • primarly used for large-scale enterprise class in-memory applications, such as performing real-time processing of unstructured data
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12
Q

Describe accelerated computing instance types:

A

Utilizes hardware accelerators or co-processors to perform floating-point calculations faster and more efficiently.

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13
Q

Describe storage optimized instance types:

A

Optimized for enhanced storage.

Use SSD backed instance storage for low latency and very high input/output or I/O performance including very high IOPS.

Useful for data file systems and log processing applications.

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14
Q

What is IOPS?

A

It is a metric which measures the Input/Output operations per second

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15
Q

What is considered low latency?

A

The lower the ping rate the better the performance. A ping rate of less than 100ms is considered acceptable but for optimal performance, latency in the range of 30-40ms is desirable.

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16
Q

Describe HPC optimized instance type

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A

Design for high performance computing workloads

17
Q

What are HPC workloads?

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A

Highly complex, data-intensive task that is spread across compute resources, which each run parts of the task in parallel.

An HPC system can run millions of scenarios at once, using terabytes (TB) of data at a time, which helps organizations get to insights faster.

18
Q

What are examples of HPC workloads?

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A

Simulation and modeling in diverse applications, including traffic safety, autonomous driving, product design and manufacturing, weather forecasting, seismic data analysis, and energy production.

19
Q

Which instance purchasing options exist?

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A
  1. On-Demand instances
  2. Spot Instances
  3. Reserved Instances
  4. On-Demand Capacity Reservations
20
Q

Describe in demand instances:

21
Q

Describe Spot Instances

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A
  • Leverages unused EC2 capacity to provide huge discounts over on-demand pricing
  • Have a variable hourly price based on supply and demand
  • You have the ability to set a max. price that you are willing to pay per instance per hr.
  • If price exceeds or spot capacity no longer available, the instance will be reclaim through a SPOT INSTANCE INTERRUPTION
  • Your instance will terminate, stop or hibernate, based on the behavior you have specified
  • For Applications resilient to interruptions such as Batch jobs
22
Q

Describe Reserve instances

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A
  • Allow you to purchase discounted on-demand instance for a set period
  • Ideal for long term and predictable workloads
  • Must be purchased in either one year or three-year commitments
  • Savings based on how much money you wish to pay upfront
23
Q

What are reserved instance options?

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A
  1. ALL Upfront - At the beginning of the term. Offers the largest discount and no further payment is required.
  2. PARTIAL Upfront - Smaller payment is made at the start of the term. Discount is applied to all remaining hours during the term.
  3. NO Upfront - No upfront or partial payments are made. the smallest discount is applied to the remaining hours in the term.

Once purchased the reserved instance, it is yours for 1 or 3 years and can’t be cancelled.

Changes to your reserved instance may be possible or an exchanging for another one could be possible.

24
Q

What are instance types of reserved instances?

25
Describe on demand capacity reservations:
- Allow you to reserve capacities for your EC2 instances. - For any length of time. - No billing discounts, but you can create and cancel these reservations at any time - Combine on-demand capacity reservations with reserved instances or with EC2 instance saving plans for additional savings.
26
What is tenancy?
It refers to where instances run.
27
What is shared tenancy?
- instances run on any available host with resources required for your instance type - other users may have instances running on the same host - Security mechanisms prevent different customer's instances from accessing each other on the same host.
28
What is dedicated tenancy?
- It includes dedicated instances and dedicated hosts - dedicated instances are hosted on hardware that no other customer can access - their incur additional charges - this hardware can be shared by other resources you have running in your own account - A dedicated hosts offer additional visibility and control around how you can place your instances on the physical host - Dedicated hosts allow you to use your existing per-socket, per-core or per-VM software licenses that may need to be tied to a specific machine
29
What is user data in the context of configuring a new EC2 instance?
- User data allows you to enter commands that will run during the first boot cycle of that instance. - Allows you to perform functions at boot time, such as pulling down additional software, or download latest OS updates (yum update -y --> linux)
30
What are the Storage Options for your EC2 Instance?
- depending on the type of instance selected, the usage of the instance and the criticality of the data a storage option will be selected. - PERSISTENT STORAGE: available by attaching EBS (elastic block storage) volumes using Amazon Elastic Blockstore (EMS) - EPHEMERAL STORAGE: created by EC2 instances using using local store volumes which are physical discs underlying the physical host.
31
What is EBS Volume?
- EBS Volumes (Elastic Block Storage) is a separate device from the EC2 instance, so they aren't physically attached. - Considered network attached devices and are logically attached to the EC2 instant via the AWS network - Data in EBS is replicated in the same availability zone for resiliency which is managed by AWS - EBS can be disconnected from the instance and the data will remain intact. - It can be attached to a different instance within the same availability zone. - It is possible to take Point in Time Snapshots which can be backuped into an Amazone S3 - Encryption can be enabled on the EBS if needed. This configuration can be set up as default for every new EBS and copies of snapshots you create. - You can also configure encryption on a per Volume basis instead. - EBS can be created with different performance capabilities.
32
What is Ephemeral Storage?
- Is attached to the underlying host where the EC2 instance reside. - You can not detach an ephemeral instance store volume from an instance - All saved data on an instance store volume is lost, as soon as the instance hibernates, is stopped or is terminated. - Only if rebooting the instance, the data will remain. - Great for storing cache date and other temporary content. - If data needs to be retain, you should use EBS for persistent data storage instead.
33
What is ingress and egress traffic?
The main difference between data egress and ingress is the direction of data flow: ingress refers to data entering a system or network, while egress refers to data leaving a system or network.
34
What is a Key Pair?
- Is used for encrypting login information for Linux and Windows instances. - It has a public key and a private key - the public key is used for encrypting the username and password - for Windows the private key is used to decrypt the login information. - For Linux, the private key is used to remotely connect to the instance using SSH - public key is held and kept by AWS - private key is user's responsibility - you can use the same key pair for multiple instances

AWS Professional Solution Architect (2 decks)

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