Compute

Question 1

Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)

Answer 1

Provides virtual machines, referred to as EC2 instances.

You can launch instances of any size into an Availability Zone anywhere in the world.

Launch the instances from Amazon Machine Images (AMIs).

Question 2

Amazon Machine Image (AMI)

Answer 2

A template that is used to create an EC2 instance.

Contains a Windows or Linux machine and also has some software pre-installed.

Question 3

Instance Types

Answer 3

General purpose​;

Compute optimized​;

Memory optimized​;

Storage optimized​;

Accelerated computing​;

Question 4

Instance Type Naming

Answer 4

x#.size:

x is the family name;
# is the generation number;

Question 5

Network Settings

Answer 5

Elastic Network Adapter (ENA): Supports network speeds of up to 100 Gbps.​

Intel 82599 Virtual Function interface: Supports network speeds of up to 10 Gbps.​

VPC? Subnet? Public IP address?

Question 6

IAM Role

Answer 6

Will software on the EC2 instance need to interact with other AWS services?​ If yes, attach an appropriate IAM Role.

IAM Role that is attached is kept in an instance profile.

Question 7

User Data Script

Answer 7

Used to customize the runtime environment of your instance.

Script runs the first time the instance starts.

Question 8

Storage

Answer 8

Used to configure the root volume and any additional volumes and set up encryption if needed.

Question 9

Tags

Answer 9

A label that you can assign to an AWS resource, consists of a key and an optional value.

It is how you can attach metadata to an EC2 instance.

Benefits include filtering, automation, cost allocation, access control.

Question 10

Security Group

Answer 10

A set of firewall rules that control traffic to the instance.

Create rules that specify the source and which ports that network communications can use

Question 11

Key Pairs

Answer 11

At instance launch, you specify an existing key pair or create a new key pair, to enable secure connections to the instance.

AWS stores the public key,
You store the private key;

Question 12

Elastic Block Store (EBS)

Answer 12

Durable, block-level storage volumes.
You can stop the instance and start it again, and the data will still be there.

Question 13

EC2 Instance Store

Answer 13

Ephemeral storage is provided on disks that are attached to the host computer where the EC2 instance is running.
If the instance stops, data stored here is deleted.

Question 14

Instance Hibernation

Answer 14

Benefits:
Saves contents from RAM;
On instance restart, RAM contents are reloaded, previously running processes resumed.
Save cost in this state;

Prerequisites:
Only certain AMIs and only certain families support it.
Instance must have an encrypted Amazon EBS root volume and a maximum of 150GB RAM;
Hibernation must be enabled at instance launch;

Question 15

Elastic IP Address

Answer 15

When an instance is stopped and started again, the public ipv4 address and external DNS hostname will change.

Use this if you require a persistent public IP address

Mask the failure of software or instance from your AWS account achieved by remapping the address to another instance.

Question 16

EC2 Instance MetaData

Answer 16

Data about your instance.
Can view at http://…/latest/meta-data/

Question 17

CloudWatch

Answer 17

Used to monitor EC2 Instances, providing near-real time metrics and charts.

Offers Basic Monitoring (no additional cost),
or Detailed Monitoring (monthly rate);

Question 18

On-Demand Instances​

Answer 18

Pay by the hour;

No long-term commitments;

Best for:
Short-Term, spiky or unpredictable workloads,
App development/testing;

Question 19

Dedicated Hosts​

Answer 19

A physical server with EC2 instance capacity fully dedicated to your use.​

Question 20

Reserved Instances​

Answer 20

Full, partial, or no upfront payment for instance you reserve.​

Question 21

Spot Instances​

Answer 21

Instances run as long as they are available and your bid is above the Spot Instance price.​

Good choice when you have flexibility in when your applications can run.

Best for:
Apps with flexible start/end times,
Users with urgent computing needs for large amounts of digital capacity;

Question 22

Cost Optimization

Answer 22

Right Size,
Increase Elasticity,
Optimal Pricing Model,
Optimize Storage Choices ;

Question 23

Container

Answer 23

A method of operating system virtualization.​

Benefits:
Repeatable,
Self-contained environments,
Software runs the same in different environments,
Faster to launch and stop or terminate than virtual machines;

Question 24

Docker

Answer 24

Software platform enabling you to build, test and deploy apps quickly.

You can run containers on Docker:
Containers are created from a template called an image.

A container has everything a software application needs to run.

Question 25

Elastic Container Service (ECS)

Answer 25

Highly scalable, fast, container management service.

Benefits:
Orchestrates Docker Containers,
Maintains and scales the fleet of nodes that run your containers,
Removes the complexity of standing up the infrastructure.

If YOU want to manage: Create it backed by an EC2 Instance,
otherwise back it with Fargate;

Question 26

Kubernetes

Answer 26

Open source software for container orchestration:
Deploy and manage containerized apps at scale,
Can be used on premises and in the cloud.

Docker enables you to run multiple containers on a single OS,
Kubernetes orchestrates multiple Docker hosts (nodes);

Automates:
Container provisioning,
Networking,
Load distribution,
Scaling;

Question 27

Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)

Answer 27

Enables you to run containers that are orchestrated by Kubernetes on EC2 compute instances.

Question 28

Elastic Container Registry (ECR)

Answer 28

A fully managed docker container registry that makes it easy for developers to store, manage, and deploy docker container images.

Question 29

Lambda

Answer 29

A server-less compute service to run code without servers.

Benefits:
Supports multiple programming languages,
Automated administration,
Built-in fault tolerance,
Supports orchestration of multiple functions,
Pay-per-use pricing;

Question 30

Event Sources

Answer 30

Other AWS services can be configured as event sources to invoke your function and run lambda code.

Question 31

Elastic Beanstalk

Answer 31

Easy way to get web applications up and running without much configuration.

You upload your code and Beanstalk automatically handles the deployment

Benefits:
Fast and Simple,
Developer productivity,
Difficult to grow,
Complete resource control;