CompTIA Network+ Flashcards
What port(s) does RTP use?
Real-Time Transport Protocol
Ports: 5004, 5005
What port does MGCP use?
Media Gateway Control Protocol
Port: 2427
What port(s) does Session Initiation Protocol use?
Ports: TCP 5060, UDP 5061
What is Digital Signal 1 or DS1?
The signaling method used by T1 lines, which uses a relatively simple frame consisting of 25 pieces: a framing bit and 24 channels. Each DS1 channel holds a single 8-bit DSO data sample. The framing bit and data channels combine to make 193 bits per DS1 frame. These frames are transmitted 8000 times/sec, making a total throughput of 1.544 Mbps.
What is differentiated services or DiffServ?
The underlying architecture that makes quality of service work.
What is DHCP Snooping?
Switch process that monitors DHCP traffic, filtering out DHCP messages from untrusted sources. Typically used to block attacks that use a rogue DHCP server.
What is the DHCP four-way handshake and what port(s) does it use?
Discover
Offer
Request
Ack
(D.O.R.A)
Ports: UDP 67 and 68
What are the 7 parts of the OSI model?
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
What is DB-25 and what is it used for?
A 25-pin, D-shaped subminiature connector, typically used in parallel and older serial port connection.
What is DB-9 and what is it used for?
A 9-pin, D-shaped subminiature connector, often used in serial port connections.
What is DTLS VPN?
(Datagram TLS VPN)
A virtual private network solution that optimizes connections for delay-sensitive applications, such as voice and video.
What is DOCSIS?
(Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)
The unique protocol used by cable modem networks.
What is CPE?
Customer-premises equipment
The primary distribution box and customer-owned/managed equipment that exists on the customer side of the demarc.
What is CSU/DSU?
(Channel Service Unit/ Data Service Unit)
A piece of equipment that connects a T-carrier leased line from the telephone company to a customer’s equipment (such as a router). It performs line encoding and conditioning functions, and it often has a loopback function for testing.
What is CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA?
(Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection)
Obsolete access method that older Ethernet systems used in wired LAN technologies, enabling frames of data to flow through the network and ultimately reach address locations. Hosts on CSMA/CD networks first listened to hear if there is any data on the wire. If there was none, they sent out data. If a collision occurred, then both hosts waited a random time period before retransmitting the data. Full-duplex Ethernet eliminates it.
(Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance)
Access method used only on wireless networks. Before hosts send out data, they first listen for traffic. If the network is free, they send out a signal that reserves a certain amount of time to make sure the network is free of other signals. If data is detected in the air, the hosts wait a random time period before trying again. If there are no other wireless signals, the data is sent out.
What is CRAM-MD5?
(Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism-Message Digest 5)
A tool for server authentication in SMTP servers.
Carrier Channels Speed
T1 ? ?
T3 ? ?
E1 ? ?
E3 ? ?
Carrier Channels Speed
T1 24 1.544 Mbps
T3 672 44.736 Mbps
E1 32 2.048 Mbps
E3 512 34.368 MBps
?-bit prefix from upstream router + ?-bit subnet ID from the default gateway + ?-bit interface ID = 128-bit IPv6 address
48-bit prefix from upstream router + 16-bit subnet ID from the default gateway + 64-bit interface ID = 128-bit IPv6 address.
What are DNS TXT, SRV, SOA, NS, CNAME, AAAA, MX properties?
TXT: A TXT record is a freeform type of record that can be used for anything.
SRV: A generic DNS record that supports any type of server.
SOA: Start of authority record that defines the primary name server in charge of the forward lookup zone.
NS: This record shows the primary name server.
CNAME: Canonical name record acts like an alias.
AAAA: IPv6 A record.
MX: Used exclusively by SMTP servers to determine where to send mail.
What is the range of well-known port numbers?
0-1023
What is the range of Registered Ports?
1024-49151
What is the range of Dynamic/Private Ports?
49152-65535
Protocol Type IGP or BGP?
Protocol Type IGP or BGP? Notes
RIPv1 Distance vector IGP Old; only used variable subnets within an AS
RIPv2 Distance vector IGP Supports VLSM and discontiguous subnets
BGP Path Vector BGP Used on the internet, connects Autonomous Systems
OSPF Link State IGP Fast, popular, uses Area
IS-IS Link State IGP Alternative to OSPF
EIGRP Hybrid IGP Cisco proprietary
How do you calculate the number of Hosts on a subnet?
2^x - 2
x represents the number of zeroes in the subnet mask
What are the classes of IP address blocks?
First Decimal Value Addresses Hosts per Network ID
Class A 1-126 1.0.0.0-126.255.255.255 16,277,210
Class B 128-191 128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255 65,534
Class C 192-223 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255 254
Class D 224-239 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255 multicast
Class E 240-254 240.0.0.0-254.255.255.255 Experimental
What is the cisco standard TIA/EIA 568B and TIA/EIA 568 A?
TIA/EIA 568B: orange/white, orange, green/white, blue, blue/white, green, brown/white, brown
TIA/EIA 568A: green/white, green, orange/white, blue, blue/white, orange, brown/white, brown
What are the CAT 7 cable Max Frequency and Max Bandwidth specifications?
Max Frequency: 600 MHz
Max Bandwidth: 10 + Gbps
What are the CAT 6a cable Max Frequency and Max Bandwidth specifications?
Max Frequency: 500 MHz
Max Bandwidth: 10 Gbps
What are the CAT 6 cable Max Frequency and Max Bandwidth specifications?
Max Frequency: 250 MHz
Max Bandwidth: 10 Gbps
What are the CAT 5e cable Max Frequency and Max Bandwidth specifications?
Max Frequency: 100 MHz
Max Bandwidth: 1 Gbps
What are the CAT 5 cable Max Frequency and Max Bandwidth specifications?
Max Frequency: 100 MHz
Max Bandwidth: 100 Mbps
What are the CAT 3 cable Max Frequency and Max Bandwidth specifications?
Max Frequency: 16 MHz
Max Bandwidth: 16 Mbps
What is the H.323 standard and port number?
Basic standard used for video conferencing and collaboration.
Uses port 1720
What is Distance Vector?
Set of routing protocols that calculates the total cost to get to a particular network ID and compares that cost to the total cost of all the other routes to get to that same network ID.
What is DCS?
Distributed Control System
A small controller added directly to a machine used to distribute the computing load.
What is DCF?
Distributed Coordination Function
One of two methods of collision avoidance defined by the 802.11 standard and the only one currently implemented. DCF specifies strict rules for sending data onto the network media.
What is distributed switching?
The centralized installation, configuration, and handling of every switch in a virtualized network.
What is DSO?
The digital signal rate created by converting analog sound into 8-bit chunks 8000 times a second, with a data stream of 64 Kbps. This is the simplest data stream (and the slowest rate) of the digital part of the phone system.
What is DSLAM?
DSL Access Multiplexer
A device located in a telephone company’s central office that connects multiple customers to the Internet.
What is DSP?
Digital signal processor
A specialized microprocessor-like device that processes digital signals at the expense of other capabilities, much as the floating-point unit (FPU) is optimized for math functions. DSPs are used in such specialized hardware as high-speed modems, multimedia sound cards, MIDI equipment, and real-time video capture and compression.
What is DAI?
Dynamic ARP Inspection
Cisco process that updates a database of trusted systems. DAI then watches for false or suspicious ARPs and ignores them to prevent ARP cache poisoning and other malevolent efforts.
What ports does DHCP use?
Ports: UDP 67 and 68
67 is used for listening by DHCP server
68 is used for listening by DHCP client
What is EAP-TTLS?
Extensible Authentication Protocol with Tunneled Transport Layer Security
A protocol similar to EAP-TLS but only uses a single server-side certificate.
What is an Edge Device?
A hardware device that has been optimized to perform a task in coordination with other edge devices and controllers.
What is EDGE?
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
Early cellular telephone technology that used a SIM card; obsolete.
What is EIGRP?
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
Cisco’s proprietary hybrid protocol that has elements of both distance vector and link state routing.
What is SFP+?
Enhanced small form-factor pluggable
Fiber-optic connector used in 10 GbE networks.
What is HSPA+
Evolved High-Speed Packet Access
The final wireless 3G data standard, transferring theoretical maximum speeds up to 168 Mbps, although real-world implementations rarely passed 10 Mbps.
What is ESS?
Extended Service Set
A single wireless access point servicing a given area that has been extended by adding more access points.
What is ESSID?
Extended Service Set Identifier
An SSID applied to an Extended Service Set as a network naming convention.
What is EUI-48?
Extended Unique Identifier, 48-bit
The IEEE term for the 48-bit MAC address assigned to a network interface. The first 24 bits of the EUI-48 are assigned by the IEEE as the organizationally unique identifier (OUI).
What is EUI-64?
Extended Unique Identifier, 64-bit
The last 64 bits of the IPv6 address, which are determined based on a calculation based on a device’s 48-bit MAC address.
What is EAP?
Extensible Authentication Protocol
Authentication wrapper that EAP-compliant applications can use to accept one of many types of authentication. While EAP is a general-purpose authentication wrapper, its only substantial use is in wireless networks.
What is EDB?
External Data Bus
The primary data highway of all computers. Everything in your computer is tied either directly or indirectly to the EDB.
What is FEXT?
Far-End Crosstalk
Crosstalk on the opposite end of a cable from the signal’s source.
What is FDDI?
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
Older technology fiber-optic network used in campus-sized installations. It transfers data at 100 Mbps and uses a token bus network protocol over a ring topology.
What is FC?
Fibre Channel
A self-contained, high-speed storage environment with its own storage arrays, protocols, cables, and switches. Fibre Channel is critical part of storage area networks (SANS).
