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Comp TIA A+ > CompTIA A+ Vocab > Flashcards

CompTIA A+ Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process.

A

BIOS - Basic Input/Output System

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2
Q

Diagnostic sequence that a computer’s BIOS runs to determine if the hardware components are working properly.

A

POST - Power-On-Self-Test

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3
Q

The primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside a computer.

A

CPU - Central Processing Unit

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4
Q

A specialized processor designed to accelerate graphics rendering.

A

GPU - Graphics Processing Unit

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5
Q

Converts AC power from the wall outlet into DC power used by the computer components.

A

PSU - Power Supply Unit

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6
Q

Volatile memory used by the CPU to store data that is being used or processed.

A

RAM - Random Access Memory

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7
Q

A type of RAM that is synchronized with the system clock.

A

SDRAM - Synchronous Dynamic RAM

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8
Q

A type of memory that can detect and correct internal data corruption.

A

ECC - Error-Correcting Code

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9
Q

A type of SDRAM that can transfer data twice per clock cycle.

A

DDR - Double Data Rate

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10
Q

Traditional storage device that uses spinning disks to read/write data

A

HDD - Hard Disk Drive

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11
Q

Storage device that uses flash memory to store data, providing faster read/write speeds compared to HDDs

A

SSD - Solid State Drive

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12
Q

A data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for data redundancy and performance improvement.

A

RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Disks

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13
Q

A standard type of connection for many types of devices including keyboards, mice, printers, and external storage devices.

A

USB - Universal Serial Bus

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14
Q

A hardware component that connects a computer to a network.

A

NIC - Network Interface Card

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15
Q

Network management protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.

A

DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

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16
Q

Protocol for sending data across a packet-switched network.

A

IP - Internet Protocol

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17
Q

The system that translates domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses.

A

DNS - Domain Name System, Port 53

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18
Q

Protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet.

A

HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Port 80

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19
Q

Secure version of HTTP, uses SSL/TLS to encrypt data between the web server and browser.

A

HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTP over SSL), Port 443

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20
Q

Protocol used for SENDING mail between mail servers.

A

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Port 25

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21
Q

Protocol used by email clients to RETRIEVE email from a server.

A

POP3 - Post Office Protocol, Port 110

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22
Q

Protocol used by email clients to retrieve and manage email on a server.

A

IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol, Port 143

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23
Q

Protocol used for transferring files between computers on a network.

A

FTP - File Transfer Protocol, Port 21

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24
Q

Protocol used for secure remote login and other secure network services over an insecure network.

A

SSH - Secure Shell, Port 22 (SCP)

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25
Q

Technology that creates a safe and encrypted connection over a less secure network, such as the internet.

A

VPN - Virtual Private Network

26
Q

A network that connects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, or office building

A

LAN - Local Area Network

27
Q

A network that covers a broad area (e.g., any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries).

A

WAN - Wide Area Network

28
Q

A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.

A

MAC - Media Access Control

29
Q

A common type of connector used for Ethernet networking.

A

RJ-45 - Registered Jack 45

30
Q

a sequence of characters that uniquely names a Wi-Fi network.

A

SSID - Service Set IDentifier

31
Q

An interface used to connect ATA hard drives to a computer’s motherboard.

A

SATA - Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

32
Q

An older standard interface for connecting storage devices like hard drives and optical drives to a computer’s motherboard

A

IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics

33
Q

An older interface standard for connecting storage devices, similar to IDE

A

PATA - Parallel ATA

34
Q

A motherboard and power supply configuration specification developed by Intel.

A

ATX - Advanced Technology Extended

35
Q

A family of motherboard form factors, including mini-ITX, which is smaller than ATX.

A

ITX - Information Technology Extended

36
Q

A technology used for constructing integrated circuits, including the BIOS memory chip.

A

CMOS - Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

37
Q

A standard for analog video transmission.

A

VGA - Video Graphics Array

38
Q

A standard for transmitting audio and video data in a digital format.

A

HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface

39
Q

A video display interface used to connect a video source to a display device.

A

DVI - Digital Visual Interface

40
Q

A hardware bus used for adding internal components to a desktop computer.

A

PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect

41
Q

An interface standard for connecting high-speed components.

A

PCIe - Peripheral Component Interconnect Express

42
Q

A high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a graphics card to a computer’s motherboard.

A

AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port

43
Q

A signal sent to the CPU to gain its attention.

A

IRQ - Interrupt Request

44
Q

A 24-pin USB connector system allowing for higher power delivery and faster data transfer.

A

USB-C - Universal Serial Bus Type-C

45
Q

A type of display technology that uses organic compounds to produce light.

A

OLED - Organic Light-Emitting Diode, Better color and perfect black

46
Q

A type of display technology that uses liquid crystals to produce images.

A

LCD - Liquid Crystal Display

47
Q

A display technology that uses quantum dots to enhance color accuracy and brightness.

A

QLED - Quantum Dot LED, Much brighter and more affordable.

48
Q

A set of communication protocols that enable two electronic devices to establish communication by bringing them within 4 cm of each other.

A

NFC - Near Field Communication

49
Q

A feature in Windows that allows a computer to automatically assign itself an IP address if a DHCP server is not available.

A

APIPA - Automatic Private IP Addressing

50
Q

An unsafe network security standard that allows users to connect more easily to a wireless network by bypassing the need for any type of password.

A

WPS - Wi-Fi Protected Setup

51
Q

The overall performance of a telephone or computer network, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network.

A

QoS - Quality of Service

52
Q

An authentication process that allows a user to access multiple applications with one set of login credentials.

A

SSO - Single Sign-On

53
Q

A stop error screen displayed on a Windows computer following a fatal system error.

A

BSoD - Blue Screen of Death

54
Q

A file system used on hard drives and other storage devices. Older system used in DOS and early versions of windows. Supports partitions up to 2 GB, 16 bit addresses for clusters.

A

FAT16 (File Allocation Table 16)

55
Q

An extension of the older version that allows larger drives and files. Supports partitions up to 2 TB large, maximum file size of 4 GB. Commonly used on USB and memory cards.

A

FAT32 (File Allocation Table 16)

56
Q

Designed to bridge the gap between FAT32 and NTFS.
Supports larger file sizes than FAT32 (no 4 GB limit).
Commonly used on flash drives and external hard drives.

A

exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table)

57
Q

Also known as Mac OS Extended.
Default file system for Mac OS X and macOS before the introduction of APFS.
Supports large file and partition sizes.
Includes features like file compression and journaling.

A

HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus)

58
Q

Default file system for Windows NT and later versions of Windows.
Supports large partition and file sizes.
Includes features like file encryption, disk quotas, and file compression.
Provides better security and reliability compared to FAT file systems.

A

NTFS (New Technology File System)

59
Q

Default file system for macOS 10.13 (High Sierra) and later.
Optimized for solid-state drives (SSDs) and flash storage.
Supports features like cloning, snapshots, and encryption.

A

APFS (Apple File System)

60
Q

Commonly used in Linux.
Supports journaling to improve reliability and recovery after crashes.
Backward compatible with ext2.

A

ext3 (Third Extended File System)

61
Q

An extension of ext3 with improvements in performance, reliability, and features.
Supports larger files and volumes.
Commonly used in modern Linux distributions.

A

ext4 (Fourth Extended File System)

62
Q

Introduced by Microsoft in Windows Server 2012.
Designed for high availability and resilience to data corruption.
Supports large volume sizes and improved data integrity.

A

ReFS (Resilient File System)

Comp TIA A+ (2 decks)

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