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CompTIA A+ Core 1 > CompTIA A+ Core 1 > Flashcards

CompTIA A+ Core 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does CD-RW / CD-ROM / DVD-RW / DVD-ROM stand for?

A

CD-RW: Compact disc - rewritable
CD-ROM: Compact disc - read only memory
DVD-RW: DVD-rewritable
DVD-ROM: DVD-read only memory

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2
Q

If a laptop does not have a built-in smart card reader, what do you do?

A

Use an external smart card reader (USB device)

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3
Q

What is a SSHD and SSD?

What is there purpose?

A

Solid State Drive & Solid State Hybrid Drive

They are used in laptop devices - the SSD caches the hard drive date

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4
Q

Difference between single channel memory and dual channel memory?

A

Single Channel = 64 bit

Dual Channel = 128 bit

The difference is how much data can be transferred in one transaction

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5
Q

What is SO-DIMM and MICRO-DIMM?

What are they used for?

A

SO-DIMM: Single Outline-Dual Inline Memory Module
MICRO-DIMM: Micro-Dual Inline Memory Module

They are laptop and mobile device RAM (random access memory)

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6
Q

What is IEEE 802.11 / W-WAN / W-PAN

A

IEEE 802.11
Used to implement Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN aka Wi-Fi)

W-WAN
Wireless Wide Area Network (Cellular connection)

W-PAN
Wireless Personal Area Network (Bluetooth)

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7
Q

What are the mini-PCI and mini-PCIE?

A

Both are expansion buses which are input/output pathways from the CPU to the peripheral devices

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8
Q

What is an LCD?

What happens if you were to change the resolution on an LCD screen?

A

Liquid Crystal Displays

Changes to the native resolution could result in a blurry display (not as crisp)

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9
Q

What is a DC jack?

What happens if a DC jack becomes inoperable?

A

Electrical connector for supplying direct current power

The laptop would have to be disassembled in order to remove the old jack, and replace with a new one.

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10
Q

True or False: DC jacks are manufacturer specific

A

True

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11
Q

What battery is most common in powering a laptop?

A

Lithium-ion

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12
Q

Do laptop batteries have a shelf life?

A

Yes. After a set usage, laptop batteries typically need to be replaced

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13
Q

True or False: Laptop batteries have different form factors

A

True - this is manufacturer specific

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14
Q

What is a system board?

If the system board is damaged, how do you resolve the issue?

A

A system board is also known as a motherboard. It houses a majority of components.

If a system board has damage, your only option is to replacing it and reseating all components

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15
Q

What is a CPU?

What are some integrated features?

Is the CPU upgradeable?

A

A CPU is the brain of the computer

Some integrated features are the memory controller and video controller

No, the CPU is replaceable, not upgradeable

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16
Q

True or False: Laptop CPU’s tend to be slower than desktop CPU’s

A

True

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17
Q

What are the advantages of an LCD display

A

Lightweight
Relatively low power
Relatively inexpensive

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18
Q

What are some disadvantages of an LCD

A

Black levels are a challenge
Requires a separate backlight
Difficult to replace

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19
Q

What does OLED stand for?

A

Organic Light Emitting Diode

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20
Q

Describe OLED

A

Organic compound that emits light when receiving an electric current

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21
Q

Pro’s and con’s of OLED

A

Pro’s: Thinner and lighter / no backlight due to organic compound

Con’s: Not quite ready for laptops / organic materials degrade over time / decayed images can remain on the screen / expensive and power hungry

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22
Q

What is CCFL?

Legacy or modern?

A

Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps

Legacy

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23
Q

If an LCD display goes out, how would you fix it?

A

Determine if the LCD inverter is bad. If it is, you would have to replace it.

If the LCD inverter is not bad, the display would need to be replaced

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24
Q

What is a mobile communication hub?

A

Cell phones

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25
What does GPS stand for?
Global Positioning System
26
What is tethering?
Physically connecting your a device to your phone in order to receive 802.11 on the plugged in device
27
What is a hotspot?
Abilitiy to extend 802.11 from a cellular device to a separate device through cellular frequencies
28
What is NFC and what is it used for? Give examples
NFC = Near Field Communication" It is used to send small amounts of data wirelessly over a limited area. Ex: Using your mobile device at cashout, sharing contact information, using it for bus or train tokens
29
What is IR communications and what is its purpose? Hint - sending files to a printer
IR = infrared communications | Uses infrared beams to send data transmissions between devices
30
What is a PRL (preferred roaming list) and how is it updated?
PRL = Preferred roaming list | Allows your phone to connect to the right tower and can be updated over the air
31
What are the product released instructions used for
PRI = Product Release Instructions | Tells your phone how to use the wireless network and updates over the air (OTA)
32
What does IMEI stand for?
IMEI = International Mobile-Station Equipment Identity
33
What is an IMEI?
Identifies a physical mobile device - every phone has a different IMEI *Can be used to allow or disallow access
34
What does IMSI stand for?
IMSI = International Mobile Subscriber Identity
35
What is the purpose of IMSI?
Identifies the user of a mobile network
36
What does VPN stand for? What is the purpose of a VPN?
VPN = Virtual Private Network Creates secure communicaton
37
How do we retrieve email on a mobile device?
Mail is typically recieved through POP3 or IMAP configuration
38
What is POP3 and IMAP?
POP3 is a protocol for receiving email by downloading it to your computer (stored to a device) IMAP allows you to access your email wherever you are from any device (not stored to a device)
39
What does POP3 and IMAP stand for?
POP3 - Post Office Protocol IMAP - Internet Mail Access Protocol
40
How are emails sent?
Emails are sent from SMTP
41
What is SMTP and what does it stand for?
SMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Application used by mail servers to send, receive and/or relay outgoing mail between email senders and receivers.
42
Port # for POP3
110
43
Port # for SMTP
25
44
Port # for IMAP
143
45
Port # for HTTP
443
46
Port # for telnet
23
47
What is an enterprise email?
Typically an email used for business email addresses. Contains more than just email such as contacts, calendars, reminders
48
What is S/MIME and what is it?
Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions It is a integrated message encryption used to encrypt or digitally sign
49
Which email providers support IMAP and POP3?
Gmail, Exchange online, icloud mail, yahoo mail
50
Give a brief description of data synchronization
Used amongst many different devices / allows access to anything from anywhere such as email, calendar, apps / ability to authenticate data
51
Give a brief description of cloud synchronization
Used on different operating systems such as android and cloud / syncs data to particular accounts such as apple or google
52
Give a brief description of a desktop synchronization
Requires an operating system such as mac or windows and disk space / does not require a lot of desktop storage / require maximum storage space on the device being backed up
53
Give a brief description of automobile synchronization
Ability to connect to our automobiles over Bluetooth / displays maps, phones calls, music / Operating systems such as Carplay and Android Auto
54
What is IP and what does it do?
IP = Internet Protocol an IP is how computers on the internet recognize one another
55
What is TCP used for and what does it stand for?
TCP allows data to be transferred between applications and devices on a network. (enables application programs and computer devices to exchange messages over a network) TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
56
What is UDP and what is its purpose?
UDP = User Data Protocol Protocol used for communication throughout the internet
57
True or False: UDP is a reliable delivery protocol
False
58
What is encapsulation? Give an example
Bundling data into a single unit. A capsule mixed with several medicines.
59
Difference between TCP and UDP
The main difference is speed - TCP is relatively slower than UDP ``` UDP = a connectionless protocol TCP = connection-oriented protocol ```
60
What is multiplexing and how is it used
Process in which multiple signals coming from multiple sources are combined and transmitted over a single communication/physical line
61
Describe the TCP protocol
- Connection-oriented (formal connection setup and close) Ex: making a phone call - type in the number / press call / have a discussion / end conversation Contains flow control - station a & b always communicate. Once station b receives information, it always tells station a that the information is recieved
62
Describe the UDP protocol
Connectionless - does not require formal open or close Station A only communicates to UDP Can be considered unreliable because there is no mutual communication
63
How is data transferred from one location to another?
Data is transferred via IP addresses. Every computer has an IP address. IP addresses identify data by port numbers in order to send data where it is required
64
Difference between non-ephemeral and ephemeral ports
Non-ephemeral = ports that are permanent (on a server or service) Ephemeral = temporary communication hub for Internet Protocol communications (determined in real-time by the client)
65
What are the ranges for TCP and UDP ports
65,535
66
Are port numbers used for communication or security?
Communication
67
True or False: | TCPand UDP port numbers are the same
False
68
What is FTP and what does it do?
FTP = File Transfer Protocol Transfers files between systems
69
What is an SSH (Secure Shell)
Allow two computers to communiate & provides secure encrypted communication between untrusted hosts
70
What is Telnet (Telecommunicatin Networtk)
Alllows users to test connectivity to remote machines and issue commands through the use of a keyboard
71
What is DNS (Domain Name System?
Converts names to IP addresses
72
Difference between HTTP and HTTPs
``` HTTP = Web server communication HTTPS = Web server communication with encryption ```
73
What does RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)?
Shares a desktop from a remote location over tcp/3389
74
What does netBIOS do?
Used to identify network devices over TCP/IP
75
What is SMB (Service Member Block) and AFP (Apple Filing Protocol) purpose?
Protocol used by Microsoft to file share, printer share, etc Same thing but for apple devices
76
Describe DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask, and other options
77
Purpose of SNMP (simple network management protocol)
Gathers statistics from network devices
78
Describe a NIC (Network Interface Card)
An interface card that connects devices to a network.
79
What is a hub?
Broadcasts data to every computer or ethernet based device connected to it
80
Difference between half-duplex and full-duplex
Half-duplex can only transmit in one direction at a time Full-duplex supports bidirectional data transmissions at the same time
81
Connects different physical networks and distributes traffic on MAC address
Bridge
82
Connects devices in a network and use packet switching to send, receive or forward data packets or data frames over the network * Forwards traffic based on data link address
Switch
83
Managed vs unmanaged switches
Managed = enables better control of networks and data frames moving through them Unmanaged = have no concept of virtual LAN's - MAC tables are used to learn IP addresses used frequently in order to be able to access IP addresses quicker next time
84
A segmented pieces of a larger network
Subnet
85
A device that is a wireless router and a WAP in a single device
WAP (Wireless Access Point)
86
Device that receives signal, regenerates, and resends it
Repeater
87
Are hubs full or half-duplex?
Half-duplex
88
What does ACPI stand for?
Advanced configuration and power interface
89
Routes traffic between IP subnets
Router
90
What layer is firewalls
OSI Layer 4
91
What is a DSL modem?
Digital Subscriber Line - provides access to the internet through telephone lines and a modem
92
What are patch panels
Combination of punch-down blocks | RJ-45 connectors run from desks
93
Explain DOCSIS
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification - basically data on the 'cable' network; cable modem
94
What is a pro of ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subcriber Line) modem?
Download speeds are faster than the upload speed *the closer you are to the ADSL modem, the better your upstream and downstream is
95
What is PoE
Power over Ethernet - one wire for electricity and network
96
What is EoP
Ethernet over Power - reverse of PoE
97
Purpose of a SOHO
Small office home office - a device used to connect multiple machines Modem, router, switch, wireless, etc
98
Allows you to route between your internal private network and the external internet network
SOHO router`
99
How are IP addresses assigned`
Through the DHCP (dynamic) and/or statically (manual)
100
Half vs. Full duplex
Half - only allows one transaction at a time | Full - allows communication to and from devices simultaneously
101
NIC configuration
Network Interface Card - established communication between computers
102
IoT configurations
Internet of Things - Home automations such as door locks, thermostat, light switches
103
Enables one unique IP address to represent an entire group of computers
Network Address Translation (NAT)
104
Used to initiate connection to a machine that is behind a firewall or NAT router
Port forwarding
105
Allows network devices to automatically configure and find other devices
UPnP (Universal Plug and Play
106
Whitelisting vs. Blacklisting
Whitelist - Nothing passes through the firewall until it is approved Blacklist - Nothing on this list is allowed
107
MAC filtering
Allows you to whitelist and blacklist PC's to access your network ports
108
Highest possible encryption
WPA2
109
Prioritizes applications based on importance
QoS (Quality of Service)
110
Ability to send many streams of traffic across the same frequencies to increase the total amount of throughput on an 802.11 network
MIMO
111
Ability to have 8 separate MIMO streams going to multiple devices on the network, all at the same time
MU-MIMO
112
Port numbers for FTP (file transfer protocol)
TCP/20 - active mode and TCP/21(control)
113
Secure shell port number
Encrypted - TCP/22
114
Telnet Port number
TCP/23
115
 DNS port number
UDP/53
116
RDP – remote desktop protocol port number
TCP/3389
117
Used by Microsoft Windows - file sharing, printer sharing
Server Message Block
118
NetBIOS port numbers
UDP/137 - Name services UDP/138 - datagram service TCP/139 - session service
119
Apple File Protocol (AFP) port number
tcp/548
120
What is DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
Automatically configures Ip addresses, subnet masks and other options.
121
Dynamic vs. Static
Dynamic - automatically | Statically- manually
122
Gathers statistics from network devices
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol
123
DHCP Port numbers
UDP/67 | UDP/68
124
What devices have a NIC
Computers, servers, printers, routers, switches, phones, tablets, cameras, etc.
125
Receive signal, regenerate, resend
Common use: Convert one network media to another, Extend wireless network reach
126
Multi-port repeater Traffic going in one port is repeated to every other port *half-duplex
Hub
127
All in one device - modem, router, switch, wireless AP, firewall, etc.
SOHO router
128
How does a firewall and DMZ work together?
Firewall ensures no external device can connect to the network - DMZ enables unrestricted access within a firewall
129
A way to map multiple local private addresses to a public one before transferring the information
Network Address Translation (NAT)

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (1 decks)

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