CompTIA A+ 1001 Flashcards

1
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What batteries are typically used in Laptops?

A

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) & Lithium-ion polymer (LiPo)

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2
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is Degaussing and what can you use it for?

A

It was used for CRT TVs to clear electromagnetic interference. It cannot be done to an OLED or a plasma screen. When encountering a burn in there, simply replace the monitor.

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3
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are some important things note about Lithium-ion/Polymer batteries

A

Lithium Ion has no Memory effect. Charging Lithium-ion batteries diminishes their capacity, so after some time, they will need to be replaced.

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4
Q

(Mobile Devices)

When installing a laptop battery, is there anything you should make sure of, and if so, Why?

A

You need to make sure the battery goes to that specific laptop make/model. Battery technology progresses all the time and are built for different specs.

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5
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What would you need to replace a laptop keyboard? What would you do if you don’t have a replacement?

A

Ground yourself, find the screws, unscrew the keyboard, unplug the ribbon cable connecting it, remove it, insert new keyboard, insert ribbon cable, screw in replacement keyboard.

If no replacement, use an external USB keyboard.

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6
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What things are to note when removing/replacing keys on a keyboard?

A

It is a very delicate procedure. You should check with the manufacturer on the correct way to remove their parts. Be in mind the keyboard components are very fragile. Be especially careful underneath keycaps.

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7
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What could you add to a laptop to increase/replace memory for better processing speed? What are some details to remember?

A

Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (SO-DIMM) Installing is a simple as finding the Memory slot. Inserting the (SO-DIMM), and pressing it down until it locks into place.

Note: Some laptop memory is soldered to the system board, which means no upgrade/replacement is available, and that laptop requires a full system board replacement.

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8
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is (SO-DIMM) and where is it used?

How many chips does it have?

A

Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (SO-DIMM)

It’s a memory used in laptops and mobile devices. It usually has 8 black chips with a notch in the bottom 2/3 through.

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9
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are the options/specs for storage for laptops and mobile devices?

A

Magnetic disk drives (HDD): They have Traditional spinning drive platters and are formfactor 2.5in to 3.5in (for desktops)

SSD (Solid-state drive): It is all memory, with no moving parts. Silent with fast access time, with less latency. Sometimes can fit within a disk drive slot. Form factor 2.5

M.2: Easy to install and replace, requires no SATA data or power cables. Is much smaller form factor, Can connect them to others.

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10
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are the steps to replace storage within a laptop? What are some key points

A

All laptop storage is internal. Open the back cover to access. These can be very modular, so check if there is a slot specifically for the storage. Unscrew two screws and the drive should slide out, unplug cable. Installation is those steps in reverse.

In cases of the M.2, there is only 1 screw and it slides into it spot, much like a RAM card.

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11
Q

(Mobile Devices)

Why would someone want to switch from HDD to SSD? How would you go about doing it?

A

A SSD offers more speed compared to mechanical drives. It can improve performance on a laptop and decrease load times significantly.

One method of Switching to a SSD requires Installing an OS on the new SSD and moving the documents from the HDD over to the SSD, as well as installing any needed applications as well a drivers. It can be time consuming.

Another method is Imaging a Clone of you HDD and Cloning everything onto the SSD. It does require Imaging software that is sometimes included with the SSD

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12
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is 802.11 in reference to? Detail some specs

A

The wireless standard for Local area network (LAN) typically found in home networks. Supports 2Mbps. Was originally invented as a standard for WLANs

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13
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is a Bluetooth considered under what network and what are some things to note?

A

Bluetooth is a Personal area network (PAN) It’s very short range and is used for connecting nearby devices and peripherals.

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14
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is a PCIe and what is it used for.

Can you name the 2 different versions and their measurements for laptops

A

It is a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express. It is used for connection for high-speed data transfer between electronic components. Usually, it is found within Desktops and mobile devices. Can be used for Bluetooth to 802.11. Sometimes have antenna

Mini PCI = 6in

Mini PCI express =4in

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15
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are Biometrics, and what should I know about them

A

They are an alternative to signing in through confirmation through fingerprint readers or face recognition.

It requires additional configuration with the OS along with additional hardware. It however is very secure

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16
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is an NFC and what does it do?

A

It is a Near-Field Communication. It is common on mobile phones and smart watches. It has a range of 4 centimeters

It transfers data over a limited area, typically for authentication. Used typically for no touch payment methods, info exchanges, or access token authentication at a Warehouse or hospital

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17
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is the most common monitor display? What does it stand for and how does it work

A

The Portable LCD, AKA, a liquid crystal display.

Light shines through liquid crystals with a backlight.

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18
Q

(Mobile Devices)

Why would you use a LCD display, what are the downsides

A

Low power consumption, lightweight, inexpensive

Black levels are hard to achieve. It also requires a separate back light of a LED, Florescent, or other. The lights in a LCD are hard to replace

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19
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are the different types of LCD display technologies available and what are their upsides and downsides?

A

TN (Twisted Nematic) (The original technology)
- Has faster response times
- Viewing from an angle changes the colors.

IPS (In plane switching)
- Excellent color representation
-More expensive that a TN

VA (Vertical Alignment)
(The Compromise)
-Good color representation
Slower response times than TN

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20
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are is a IPS (In plane switching) and what are the specifics with it?

A

It has High color quality

Slower response times than TN.

It has wider viewing angles other LCDs

It’s More expensive that a TN

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21
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are is a Vertical Alignment and what are the specifics with it?

A

VA (Vertical Alignment)
(The Compromise)

High contrast ratios

Good viewing angles

Good color quality

Slower response times to TN

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22
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are is a Twisted Nematic and what are the specifics with it?

A

TN (Twisted Nematic) (The original technology)

It has faster response times.

It has low viewing angles that distort their color.

It has a low color quality

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23
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is an OLED display and why would you use it? What are somethings to note

A

OLED stands for Organic Light Emitting diode, where organic compounds emit light when given an electric signal. It’s very useful for tablets, phones, and smart watches.

-Very good color representation
- It’s thinner and lighter, flexible and mobile.
- It doesn’t require a back light

-It costs more than a LCD

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24
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are the advantages/disadvantages to using an OLED?

A

It has better contrast ratio and color representation than an LCD Screen

It doesn’t require a back light, because of the compound lights up with an electric signal.

It’s thinner and lighter, flexible and mobile.

It has a lower light output (brightness) when compared to LCDs.

It costs more than a LCD

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25
Q

(Mobile Devices)

Where do they keep the antenna in laptops?

A

Usually, the Wi-Fi antennas wires are wrapping around the laptop screen.

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26
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What should be noted about webcams and what is their relation with Laptops?

Where are the inputs located?

A

Webcams are used for video capture. Usually, they include both audio and visual inputs that can require specialized drivers and software.

Many Laptops have them built into the display. They are good for casual use like video calls but not good for non-casual use.

The Lens near the top of the screen is the camera and the holes off to the side are microphones.

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27
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is the older backlight for an LCD screen and what are some things of note.

A

It is a Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp. (CCFL)

It requires higher voltage and power and adds thickness to the display. It is no longer common, but older laptops sometimes use these.

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28
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What backlight do modern laptops use and what are some things of note?

What is a common mistake made with them?

A

It is an LED-backlit LCD display. The backlight uses LEDs either around the monitor or in an array behind the screen. These lights can be in strips behind the screen.

Sometimes a misnomer is used where they are called LEDs instead of an LCD backlight LED.

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29
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is an Inverter and why would you use it?

A

An inverter is a component that turns DC into AC or vise versa. Laptops run on DC, but LED backlights and the US grid run AC.

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30
Q

(Mobile Devices)

How can you tell if backlight has failed on your computer? If it has, what does this mean?

A

You can shine a flashlight on it and see if you can read the words one the screen.

You may have to replace the inverter or display. This depends on the model.

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31
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is a Digitizer? What is it used for and where can you find them.

Why could the Digitizer not working with no signs of damage

A

A Digitizer is a touch-sensitive glass panel covering the LCD in a touchscreen assembly and is used to convert touch events to digital signals that can be interpreted as different types of input. Most laptops have a digitizer and an LCD screen if they are touchscreen devices.

If the touch screen is not working, but the display doesn’t look cracked or broken, this is often a sign that the Digitizer Settings are incorrect, or the digitizer is defective.

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32
Q

(Mobile Devices)

Name the USB ports and their shape and usage.

USB - Type A
USB - Mini B Plug
USB - Micro B plug

(C is not included here)

A

Type A (Rectangular)
- High speed wired communication
- Used for charging and data transfers

Type Mini B (Segmented trapezoid)
- Uncommon, Older
- Slightly larger than Micro B

Type Micro B (rounded trapezoid)
- Common world wide
- Smallest of the three

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33
Q

(Mobile Devices)

How many pins does a USB - C use and what is it used for?

A

It has 24 pins and is a double-sided connector.

Acts as a USB 2.0/3.0/3.1/4 connection, where different signals can use the same connector. Can transmit signals such as DisplayPort HDMI and Thunderbolt

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34
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is a lighting cable and what is a it good for?

What advantages do they have over micro-USB

A

The lightning cable is an apple proprietary that has 8 pin digital signals and is used for IPhone and IPad devices.

They have higher power output for phones and tablets and can be inserted either way. The design is also simpler

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35
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is a DE-9 and it’s nick name? What is it’s history

If I wanted to cable it to a modern device, what should I use?

A

DE-9, more recently called a DB-9, is a Serial interface that is commonly used for RS-232 signals. It was recommended standard for 232, and has been industry standard since 1969. Was used for modern connections (Like older USB)

It set the standard for how data is transferred from Data terminal Equipment (DTE) to Data Communication Equipment (DCE)

It used to be the standard, so connect it through A USB to DE-9 converter cable.

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36
Q

(Mobile devices)

What is the DVI-I Specs vs all the other DVI cables. Why is it DVI- I

A

It’s I for Integrated! Offering digital + analog signal, with single or dual link. It has all the pins.

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37
Q

(Mobile devices)

What is the DVI-D Specs vs all the other DVI cables. Why is it DVI- D

A

It’s D for Digital! Digital only! Dual or single link! The middle 2 pin columns are missing

38
Q

(Mobile devices)

What is the DVI-A Specs vs all the other DVI cables. Why is it DVI-A

A

It’s A for analog! It handles Analog only. It has the least amount of pins

39
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What’s a reason you might enable a hotspot on your phone?

A

It can be used to connect devices to the internet that only support 802.11 connections

40
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is the difference between a touch pen and an active (digital) stylus?

What is an alternative word for a draw pad

A

Digital stylus communicate directly to the device and must be compatible with the tablet. Touch pens are only an alternative to using your finger.

A drawing pad can be called an external digitizer

41
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is a docking station and why would you use this? What issue can this solve

A

A docking stations are a sophisticated type of port replicator designed to provide additional ports (such as network or USB) and functionality (such as expansion slots and drives) to a portable computer when
used at a desk.

It circumnavigates the cable issue and connects to the laptop, instead opting to connect them to the docking station.

42
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is a port replicator and what is it’s relation to Docking station?

A

A port replicator is a simple device to extend the range of ports (for example, USB, DVI, HDMI,
Thunderbolt, network, and so on) available for a laptop computer when it is used at a desk.

The difference between a docking station and a port replicator is that a docking station can add
additional capabilities beyond what is already integrated into the laptop whereas a port replicator can only reproduce the same ports that already exist on the laptop.

43
Q

(Mobile Devices)

Why is it called a Cellular network?

A

The Cellular network uses towers to connect others and divides locations into cells. This is why it is the Cellular network.

44
Q

(Mobile Devices)

Why was it called 2G? What were the 2Gs? Why did it get surpassed?

A

It’s called 2G because it is under 2 standards for mobile networking.
GSM - Global system for modern mobile communications
CDMA- Code division multiple access

It was surpassed because it was for circuit switching and only had minor upgrades for packet switching

45
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is the GSM? What’s it’s significance and what two US companies used it and why?

A

Global system for modern mobile communications. A mobile networking standard. It’s in 90% of the market, offering worldwide coverage. It used by AT&T and T-Mobile in the US, They SIM cards that you could transfer you Identity phone to phone. The standard of GSM uses multiplexing, where everyone get’s a slice of the time

46
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is CDMA mean? What gives it it’s name? What two US Companies used it and is it popular outside of the US?

A

CDMA - Code division Multiple access. It’s named that because it uses all communications happen at the same time, with different codes with each call, with the calls filtered on the receiving end.

It was used by Version & Sprint, where their handsets were controlled by the network provider. They were not popular, not adopted elsewhere really.

47
Q

(Mobile Devices)

How was 3G a step up from 2G and what new functionality did it offer? What was the new speed and what new things came out in 1998 because of it?

A

3G had upgraded data connectivity over 2G, that further received incremental updates that improved speeds, usually several megabits per second. The new bandwidth gave function and allowed for things such as GPS, Mobile television, and Video on demand.

48
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is LTE what generation was it apart of? What makes it so special compared to 2G or 3G? What was it based on and what was the new speed, and what did the advanced networks speed reach?

A

LTE means Long Term Evolution and it was a 4G technology. It was a converged standard for both GSM and CDMA providers. It was based on GSM and supported 150 Mbit/s, with the advanced network having rates of 300Mbit/s

49
Q

(Mobile Devices)

When did 5G come out, what speeds did it offer, and what specifically did it effect that may prove useful in the future.

A

5G came out in 2020. It offered better performance higher frequencies, with speeds up to 10 gigabits per second, with slows around 100-900 Mbit/s

It effected the the IoT (Internet of Things) and made it so:
-Bandwidth was less of a constraint
-Larger data transfers
-Faster monitoring and notifications
-Additional cloud processing

50
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are updates in used for in 5G CDMA networks, how does it connect to the term PRL & OTA?

A

Those are PRL updates, where the updates allow your phones to connect to the right towers in your area. These updates can happen over the air (OTA)

51
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What securities & features are available for Bluetooth devices? What should you do before you set up blue tooth?

A

Bluetooth devices usually have built-in security, where they usual have PINs that you use to verify. You only need to connect once for future automatic connections. You should check with the manufacturer because they may prefer a specific sequence, and discoverable mode isn’t always obvious.

52
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is the process of connecting to Bluetooth called and What are the steps to Connect to a Bluetooth device? Note vital details with each step

A

Connecting to Bluetooth is called the Bluetooth pairing process.

To connect,
- You must enable Bluetooth on both devices (Settings/Bluetooth for both)
- Set the devices to discovery mode (Perhaps through a Key sequence)
- Select the discovered device (Note: many can appear)
- Enter or confirm PIN (should be same on both devices)
- Test connectivity (devices should now communicate)

53
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is GPS and who made it? How many satellites do they have up and how many satellites does it take to provide navigation?

How do they work, and what do they provide because of it? Bonus, what systems do they use to find your physical location

A

GPS, or The Global Positioning System, was created by the US Department of Defense. It has 30 Satellites in orbit and requires 4 of them in order to work for navigation.

They determine location, using timing differences to give Longitude, Latitude, and Altitude. They provide Maps and Directions, and they determine physical location with GPS, WIFI, and Cellular towers

54
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are the things to used with MDM and their configurations?
Here are some keywords to remember so you can answer:

Email?

2 factors?

Apps?

A

Corporate Email configuration
- User does not need to configure anything
- The MDM makes changes on the device
- Account details, server address, communication method

Two-factor authentication
- Requires specific authentication types
- Biometrics, pseudo-random authentication app

Corporate application
- Allow and restrict app installation
- Prevent unauthorized app usage

55
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is a MDM an acronym for and what is it used for? What can it do?

In relation, what are these important terms to mean?
BYOD
Partition

A

MDM, or Mobile device Management, is a solution for companies to manage Mobile devices in a company. It allows for centralized management of mobile devices. It’s used to set policies on apps, data, camera, ect.

BYOD means Bring your own device and implies that these policies will effect all devices brought.
A Partition is a section of your phone set aside for company use, as a compromise from allowing them full control

56
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are the important things to configure for mobile devices under a MDM or in a Corporate section?

What are the common configurations for mobile devices in relation to companies? What do they use and what are some things to note?

A

Email is important for communications, but everyone handles it differently, and corporate emails can vary. Data synchronization is important, with it’s basis on data rates and speeds, being important for backups and recovery.

Microsoft 365
- Outlook, Exchange
- Authenticate with a Username and password
- You need to select the items to synchronize

Google Workspace (Or G-Suite)
- Same process as Microsoft

iCloud
- Integration into iOS & iPad-OS
- Uses iCloud username and password
- Syncing options very customizable
- Can sync to MacOS, for desktop, laptop, and mobile device support

57
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What is a MAM? How does it relate to MDMs

A

MAM means Mobile application management.

MDM controls the entire device, allowing actions like wipe, selective wipe, lock, locate, enforce passwords and more. MAM has control over the apps themselves. While it also enforces security policies, it does so at the application level.

58
Q

(Mobile Devices)

What are the Key differences between MAMs and MDMs

A

MDMs seek to control the entire device or a partition. MAMs seek to enforce control on their app and control policies relating to it.

MAMs are usually more accepted in a BYOD setting.

59
Q

(Mobile Devices)

A
60
Q

(Mobile Devices)

A
61
Q

(Mobile Devices)

A
62
Q

(Networking)

What things are essential for sending data through a network? Describe the step by step what is required to send things places.

A

To move data, we need a connection to a network through Ethernet, DSL, or Cables. We need an IP to send the information with. We need a payload (Like TCP or UDP) to deliver to networked destination, and we need information to deliver inside of that payload.

63
Q

(Networking)

When sending data, in what order are the elements that are sent through the ethernet? Give the specific parts and what they can be.

A

There is an Ethernet Header that is first, Then there is the ethernet payload, this is where the IP presents itself and has it’s payload. This payload can come with TCP have the TCP’s payload as well, which could be something like HTTP data. All this is then ended by the Ethernet Trailer.

64
Q

(Networking)

What are TCP and UDP? When do we use them, and why are they important? What layer do they use and what specific benefit do they provide?

A

TCP and UDP are Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol respectably. We use them when we send data place to place.

They are sent on the OSI Layer 4 (AKA: The transport layer.)

The benefit that is offered through them is that they allow for multiplexing, where you can use many applications at the same time through TCP and UDP

65
Q

(Networking)

What is TCP? Where is it relevant, and what benefits does it offer.

A

TCP, or Transmission Control Protocol, is something we package inside of IP to send info to other computers. TCP is connection-oriented, where it creates a connection and closes it, and it is a reliable delivery, where they can recover from errors and can reorder/manage out-of-order messages or retransmissions. It can control the flow of data and manage how much is sent.

66
Q

(Networking)

What is UDP? Where is it relevant, and what benefits does it offer.

A

UDP, or User Datagram Protocol, is something we package inside of IP to send info to other computers. UDP is connectionless, with no formal open or close to the connection. It is considered unreliable delivery, where it has no error recovery, and no reordering of data or retransmissions. It just sends the data straight to the server. There is no flow control, so the sender determines the amount of data transmitted.

67
Q

(Networking)

What usages does UDP have and what well know IP’s use UDP?

A

This is often used for Real time communication, where error correction is not useful. The data might not get through, where the application keeps track and decides what to do. Sometimes, it doesn’t do anything.

This is used within DHCP and TFTP.

68
Q

(Networking)

What usages does TCP have and what well know IP’s use TCP?

A

It’s usages lie in HTTPS and SSH, where the applications don’t worry about out of order frames or missing data, because TCP handles all of the communication over head. This allows the Application to have only one job.

69
Q

(Networking)

What IP’s have a return receipt?

A

HTTPS and SSH

70
Q

(Networking)

Where does an IP send information to? Where does that information go afterwards. What is a constant to note about things that can receive that information?

A

IP’s send information to other IP’s, by way of address to address. When the information arrives, it is sent to a particular port of that IP address, which may contain a different service to process the info. Something to note is that every PC has an IP address.

71
Q

(Networking)

What are the IPv4 sockets on Client side and Server side

A

Server IP address, protocol, server application port number
Client IP address, protocol, client port number

72
Q

(Networking)

What port numbers are associated with Non-ephemeral ports? Why are they called that. Which side are these usually associated with? What specific ports should be noted and what is their IP associated?

A

Ports 0-1023 (Usually). They are Non-ephemeral because they are permanent. These usually have to do with a server side or a service

For connect with a webserver, the most common Non-ephemeral are:
TCP port 80 HTTP
TCP port 443 HTTPS

73
Q

(Networking)

What port numbers are associated with Ephemeral ports? Why are they called ephemeral ports? What side are they associated with?

A

Ephemeral ports range from 1024 to 65535. They are called ephemeral because they are temporary! These are usually used from the client side. They are assigned by the OS

74
Q

(Networking)

Out of all the ports, what port numbers can TCP and UPD use? Are any of these ports forced to be special? Are any of these port numbers specifically for security? How important is knowing the particular port numbers?

A

Any number in-between 0 and 65535

No, ports are just numbers

No again, these are simply used for communication!

Very important, they must be well known in order to use the service.

75
Q

(Networking)

A
76
Q

(Networking)

A
77
Q

(Networking)

A
78
Q

(Hardware)

What are the two leading brands of CPUs and what are their reputations?

A

Intel & AMD. Intel is the established titan while AMD is an underdog who’s slightly more affordable.

79
Q

(Hardware)

What is a Serial interface?

A

The serial interface acts as a communication interface between two digital systems that sends data as a series of voltage pulses over a wire

80
Q

(Hardware)

What is the 3.5 mm cable (not USB) on a headset called? Why would you use it?

A

3.5 mm TRRS (Tip-ring-ring-sleeve) Connector

It can take audio and microphone signals.

81
Q

(General)

What are the 6 steps to CompTIA Troubleshooting Methodology?

A
  1. Identify the problem.
  2. Establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious).
  3. Test the theory to determine the cause.
  4. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and then implement the solution.
  5. Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventative measures.
  6. Document findings, actions, and outcomes.
82
Q

(General)

What are the 7 Steps of The “Network Troubleshooting Methodology?”

A

▪ Troubleshoot network cockups with these 7 easy to follow steps:
1. Identify the problem
2. Establish a theory of probable cause
3. Test the theory to determine the cause
4. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and identify potential effects
5. Implement the solution or escalate as necessary
6. Verify full system functionality and if applicable implement preventative measures, and
7. Document findings, actions, outcomes, and lessons learned.

83
Q

(Hardware)

A
84
Q

(Hardware)

A
85
Q

(Hardware)

A
86
Q

(Hardware)

A
87
Q

(General)

What components are required for something to be considered a computer?

A

CPU, RAM, Mass Storage, and an OS all make up what we define as a computer.

88
Q

(Virtualization and Cloud Computing)

A
89
Q

(Virtualization and Cloud Computing)

A
90
Q

(Hardware & Network Troubleshooting)

A