compTIA 1001 Flashcards
What is multiplexing
Uses many different applications
What is TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
What is UDP
User Datagram Protocol
What is the IPV4 Socket order
Server IP address —-Protocol — Server Application Port Number
Non-Ephemeral Ports
- Ports 0 through 1,023
- Usually on a server or service
What is SSH
- Secure Shell
- Data encrypted
- Looks and acts the same way as Telnet
What is Telnet
- Telecommunication Network
- tcp/23
- login to devices remotely
What is SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
What does SMTP do
- server to server email transfer
- tcp/25
What is DNS
Domain Name System
What does DNS do
- converts URLs into IP addresses
HTTPS & HTP
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol
- Supported by nearly all web servers and clients
What is IMAP4
Internet Message Access Protocol
What is POP3
Used for downloading mail to local mail client
100BaseT
Ethernet cabling system designed to run at 100mbps on twisted-pair cabling
1000BaseT
Ethernet cabling system designed to run at 1000 twisted pair cabling
10-Gigabit Ethernet
Ethernet standard that supports speeds of up to 10 gbps and is common on server-to-server connections
110 Block
The most common connection used with structured cabling, connecting horizontal cable runs with patch panels
1.5 Gbps
SATA drive variety with a maximum throughput of 150 Mbps
2.1 speaker system
Speaker setup consisting of two stereo speakers combined with a subwoofer
3 Gbps
SATA drive variety with a maximum throughput of 300 Mbps
2-in-1
Portable devices that attempt to serve as both a laptop and a tablet
3-D graphics
The video technology that attempts to create images with the same depth and textures as objects seen in the real world
3G
Third-generation cellular data technologies
4G
Forth-generation of cellular data technologies
5.1 speaker sound
Speaker setup consisting of four satellite speakers plus a center speaker and subwoofer
5G
The fifth-generation of cellular data technologies
6 Gbps
SATA drive variety with a maximum throughput of 600 MBps
64-bit processing
Type of processing that can run a compatible 64-bit operating system, such as Windows 7,8,10
7.1 speaker system
speaker setup consisting of 6 satellite speakers
802.11a
Wireless networking standard that operates in the 5-GHz band with a theoretical maximum throughput of 54 Mbps
802.11ac
Wireless networking standard that operates in the 5-GHz band and uses multiple out and multi-user MIMO to achieve a theoretical maximum throughput of 1+ Gbps
802.11b
Wireless networking standard that operates in the 2.4 GHz band with a theoretical maximum throughput of 11 Mbps
802.11g
Wireless networking standard that can operate in the 2.4-GHz band with a theoretical maximum throughput of 54MBps and is backward compatible with 802.11b
802.11n
Wireless networking standard that can operate in both the 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz band and uses multiple in/out (MIMO) to achieve a theoretical throughput of 100+ MBps
AC (alternating current)
Type of electricity in which the flow of electrons alternates direction, back and forth, in a circuit
accelerated processing unit (APU)
AMD product that consolidates the GPU and CPU into a single chip
Accelerometer
Feature in smartphones and tablets that rotate the screen when the device is physically rotated
Access Control
Security concept using physical security, authentication, users and groups, and security policies
Access Control List (ACL)
A clearly defined list of permissions that specifies what actions an authenticated user may perform on a shared resource
ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)
Power management specification that far surpasses its predecessor, APM, by providing support for hot-swappable devices and better control power modes
Action Center
A one-page aggregation of event messages, warning, and maintenance message in Windows 7
Active Matrix
Type of liquid crystal display (LCD) that replaced the passive matrix technology used in most portable computer displays
Active Partition
One a hard drive, a primary partition that contains an operating system
Active PFC ( power factor correction)
Circuitry built into PC power supplies to reduce harmonics
ad hoc mode
Decentralized wireless network mode, otherwise known as peer-to-peer mode, where each wireless node is in meshed contact with every other node
address bus
Set of wires leading from the CPU to the memory controller chip that enables the CPU to access RAM. Also used by the CPU for I/O addressing. On current CPUs with built-in memory controllers, the address bus refers to the internal electronic channel from the microprocessor to RAM
address space
The total amount of memory addresses that an address bus can contain
administrative shares
Administrator tool to give local admins access to hard drives and system root folders
administrative tools
group of Control Panel applets, including Computer Management, Event Viewer, Performance Monitor, and Task Scheduler
administrative account
User account, created when the OS is first installed, that is allowed complete, unfettered access to the system without restriction
administrative password
Credentials for the system administrator account
ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line)
Fully digital, dedicated connection to the telephone system that provides average download speeds of 3-15 Mbps and upload speeds of 384 Kbps to 15 Mbps. Asymmetric identifies that upload and download speeds are different, with download usually being significantly faster than upload
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
A block cipher created in the late 1990s that uses a 128-bit block size and a 128-, 192-, or 256-bit key size. Practically uncrackable
Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI)
An efficient way for motherboards to work with SATA host bus adaptors. Using AHCI unlocks some of the advanced features of SATA, such as hot-swapping and native command queuing
Advanced Startup Options Menu
Windows 7 menu that can be reached during the boot process that offers advanced OS startup options
Adware
Type of malicious program that downloads ads to a users computer, generating undesirable network traffic
Aero
Windows 7 desktop environment. Often used as a shorthand for one of the more obvious aesthetic effects: a window transparency feature called Aero Glass
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
A 32/64 bit expansion slot designed by Intel specifically for a video that ran at 66 MHz and yielded a throughput of at least 254 MBps
air filter mask
A mask designed to keep users from inhaling particulate matter, as when cutting drywall
algorithm
Set of rules for solving a problem in a given number of steps
ALU (arithmetic logic unit)
CPU logic circuits that perform basic arithmetic
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
CPU and chipset manufacturer that competes with Intel
amperes (amps or A)
Unit of measure for amperage, or electrical current
analog
A device that uses a physical quantity, such as length or voltage, to represent the values of a number.
AnandTech
Computer hardware, technology, and internet news and info site
Android application package (APK)
Installation software for Android apps
ANSI/TIA
The Telecommunication Industry Association
anti-aliasing
In computer imaging, blending effect that smooths sharp contrasts between two regions
API (application programming interface)
A library of related commands available for programmers to use
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)
Features of Windows that automatically assigns an IP address to the system when the client cannot obtain an IP address automatically
apt-get
Linux command for installing or updating a program using the advanced packaging tool
ARM
Energy-efficient processor design frequently used in mobile devices
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
Protocol in the TCP/IP suite used with the command-line utility of the same name to determine the (arp) to determine the MAC address that corresponds to a particular IP address
ASCII
Industry-standard 8-bit characters used to define text characters, consisting of 96 upper- and lowercase letters plus 32 nonprinting control characters, each of which is numbered
AT (Advanced Technology)
The model name of the second-generation, 80286-based IBM computer
ATA (AT Attachment)
A series of hard drive standards defining both the older parallel ATA and modern serial SATA drives
ATAPI (ATA Package Interface)
Series of standards that enables mass storage devices other than hard drives to use IDE/ATA controllers
ATX (Advanced Technology Extended)
The popular motherboard form factor that generally replaced the AT form factor
AUP (Acceptable Use Policy)
Defines what actions employees may or may not perform on company equipment, including computers, phones, printers, e-mail, and many other issues
authentication factor
The thing that can be used to identify an individual, such as something they know, something they have, or something they are
auto-detection
The process through which new disks are automatically recognized by the BIOS
autorun.inf
File included on some media. Lists which program or installation routine Autorun should run
backside bus
On older CPUs, a set of wires that connected the CPU to level 2 cache.
Backup and Restore
Windows 7 backup utility
Bandwith
The capacity of a network to transmit a given amount of data during a given period
bank
Total number of DIMMs that can be accessed simultaneously by the chipset
Bash
Default command shell on macOS and most Linux Distos
baud
One analog cycle on a telephone line
bcdedit
A command-line tool that enables you to view the BCD store, which lists the windows boot options
biometric authentication
Authentication process using biometric data such as voice, fingerprints, or retinal scans
bit
SIngle binary digit. Also, any device that can be in an or off state
BitLocker Drive Encryption
Drive encryption software offered in high-end versions of Windows, BitLocker requires a special chip to validate hardware status and to ensure that the computer hasnt been hacked
BitTorrent
Peer-to-peer file-sharing program
BNC
Uncommon coax connector secured with a quarter twist
Boot Configuration Data File (BCD)
The FIle that contains information about the various operating systems installed on the system
boot sector
The first sector on a storage drive
bootmgr
Windows Boot Manager. Manages the boot process using information from the boot Configuration Data file
bootrec
A Windows Recovery Environment troubleshooting and repair tool that repairs the master boot record, boot sector, or BCD store
botnet
The network of computers infected with malware that can be controlled to do the bidding of the malware developers
bridge
A device that connects dissimilar network technologies that transmit the same signal
broadband
Commonly understood as a reference to high-speed, always-on communication links that can move large files much more quickly the an a regular phone line
broadcast domain
Group of computers connected by one or more switches
bus
Series of wires connecting two or more separate electronic devices, enabling those devices to communicate
byte
Unit of 8 bits; fundamental data unit of personal computers
cache (disk)
a special area of RAM that stores the data most frequently accessed from the hard disk
cache (L1,L2,L3,etc)
A special section of fast memory, usually built into the CPU
CAT 5
Category 5 wire; an ANSI/TIA standard for wiring that can operate at up to 100 Mbps
Cat 5e
Category 5 wire; an ANSI/TIA standard for wiring that can operate at up to 1 Gbps
Cat 6
Category 6a wire; ANSI/TIA standard for UTP wiring that can operate at up to 10Gbps
Cat 6a
Category 6a wire; augmented Cat 6 UTP wiring that supports 10-Gbps networks at the full 100-meter distance between a node and a switch
Cat 7
Supports 10-Gbps networks at 100-meter segments; shielding for the individual wire pairs reduces crosstalk and noise problems
CCFL (cold cathode fluorescent lamp)
Light technology used in older LCDs and flatbed scanners
CDFS (compact disc/read-only memory)
The generic name for ISO-9660. File structures, rules, and conventions used when organizing and storing files and data on a CD
Celeron
Lower-cost brand of Intel CPUs
CFS (Central File System)
Method to unify all storage devices within a network or organization to facilitate a single management point and to provide user access to any file of data within the organization
channel
Used in a common method for numbering boot devices; the first boot device is channel 1, the second is channel 2, and so on
charms
In Windows 8 and 8.1, tool located in the hidden charms bar
chassis intrusion detection
The feature offered in some chassis that trips a switch when the chassis is open
checksum
The value generated from some data, like a file, and saved for comparing to other checksums later
chkdsk
Hard drive error detection and, to a certain extent, correction utility in Windows
chmod
Linux command to change permissions
chown
Linux command to change the owner and group to which a file or folder is associated
CIFS (Common Internet File System)
A dialect of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
The current system for creating and notating IPv4 subnets
Client-side virtualization
Using a hypervisor installed on a client machine to run a virtual machine
closed source
Describes a product for which the plans, schematics, recipes, or other information used to create it are solely controlled by its creator or distro
cloud computing
A model for enabling and accessing computing storage and other shared resources on demand
CNR (communications and networking riser)
Proprietary slot used on some motherboards to provide a connection for modems, sound cards, and NICs that is free from sound interference
coaxial cable
Cabling in which an internal conductor is surrounded by another, outer conductor, thus sharing the same axis
codec (compressor/decompressor)
Software that compresses or decompresses media streams
COM port(s)
Serial communication ports once common on computers
community cloud
Cloud network that serves a community or group with shared needs and interests
conditionals
Functions that enable a script or program to perform different actions under different conditions
Container file
The file containing two or more separate, compressed tracks
control construct
Loops and conditional statements (such as “if” statements) are examples of control structures
CRC (cyclic redundancy check)
The very accurate mathematical method used to check for errors in long streams of transmitted data
crossover cable
A standard UTP cable with one RJ-45 connector using the T568A standard and the other using the T568B standard
CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance)
Networking scheme used by wireless devices to transmit data while avoiding data collisions
CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access/collision detection)
Networking scheme used by Ethernet devices to transmit data and resend data after detection of network collisions
DAC (discretionary access control)
Authorization method based on the idea that there is an owner of a resource who may at his or her discretion assign access to that resource
Data Collector Sets
WIndows log repository that accepts log entries from other windows computers
DB connectors
D-shaped connectors once used for a variety of connections in the PC and Networking world
DB-9
a two-row DB connector used to connect the computers serial port to a serial-communication device such as a modem or console port on a managed switch
DC (direct current)
Type of electricity in which the flow of electrons is in a complete circle in one direction
DDOS (distributed denial of service)
An attack on a computer or network device in which multiple computers send data and requests to the device in an attempt to overwhelm it so that it cannot perform normal operations
DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)
Type of DRAM that makes two processes for every clock cycle
default gateway
In a TCP/IP network, the nearest router to a particular host. This routers IP address is part of a necessary TCP/IP configuration for communicating with multiple networkings using IP
definition file
Files that enable anti-malware programs to identify viruses on your system and clean them
defragmentation (defrag)
Procedure in which all the files on a hard disk are rewritten on disk so that all parts of each file reside in contiguous clusters
destination port
In port triggering, the port that the router opens to receive a response after the router sends outbound traffic on the trigger port
DFS (distributed file system)
A storage environment where shared files are accessed from storage devices within multiple servers, clients and peer hosts
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
The protocol that enables client hosts to request and receive TCP/IP settings automatically from an appropriately configured server.
- Uses UDP ports 67 and 68
digitizer
Device enabling users to paint, ink, pencil, or other draw with a computer
DIMM (dual inline memory module)
32- or 64-bit type of DRAM packaging with the destination that each side of each tab inserted into the system performs a separate function
dipoleantennas
Standard straight-wire antennas that provide the most omnidirectional function
DirectX
Set of APIs enabling programs to control multimedia, such as sound, video, and graphics
disk duplexing
Type of disk mirroring using two separate controllers rather than one
disk initialization
A process that places special information on every hard drive installed in a windows system
disk-striping
The process by which data is spread among multiple drives
disk-striping with parity
Method for providing fault tolerance by writing data across multiple drives and then including an additional drive
disk thrashing
A hard drive that is constantly being accessed due to lack of available system memory
dism (Deployment Image Servicing and Management)
a command-line tool bundled with Windows 10 to support image deployment
display adapter
Handles all the communication between the CPU and monitor
distended capacitors
Failed capacitors on a motherboard, which tend to bulge out at the top
DLP (Digital Light Processing)
Display technology that reflects and directs light onto a display surface
DMA (direct memory access)
The technique that some PC hardware devices use to transfer data to and from the memory without using the CPU
DMA controller
Resides between the RAM and the devices and handles DMA requests
DMZ (demilitarized zone)
Lightly protected or unprotected subnet network positioned between an outer firewall and an organizations highly protected internal network
domain
group of users, computers, or networks
domain controller
A computer running Windows Server that stores a set of domain accounts
domain-based network
The network that eliminates the need for logging on to multiple servers by using domain controllers to hold the security database for all systems
DOS (Disk Operating System)
First popular operating system available for PCs
drive letter
a letter designating a specific drive or partition
DSL (digital subscriber line)
High-speed internet connection technology that uses a regular telephone line for connectivity
DTS (Digital Theatre Systems)
Technology for sound reductions and channeling methods
DUN (Dial-up Networking)
Software used by Windows to govern the dial-up connection between the modem and the ISP
duplexing
Similar to mirroring in that data is written to and read from two physical drives, for fault tolerance
dual-channel memory
Form of DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 memory access used by many motherboards that require two identical sticks of DDR, DDR2, or DDR3 RAM
dual-core
CPUs that have two execution units on the same physical chip but share caches and RAM
dxdiag (DirectX Diagnostics Tool)
Diagnostic tool for getting information about and testing a computers DirectX version
dynamic disks
A special feature of Windows that enables users to span a single volume across two or more drives.
ECC (error correction code)
Special software, embedded on hard drives, that constantly scans the drives for bad blocks
effective permissions
Users combined permissions granted by multiple groups
EFS (encrypting file system)
Storage organization and management service, such as NTFS, that has the capability of applying a cipher process to the stored data
EIDE (Enhanced IDE)
Marketing concept of hard drive maker Western Digital
emergency repair disk (ERD)
Saves critical boot files and partition information and is the main tool for fixing boot problems in older versions of Windows
encrypted
Data has been passed through an encryption algorithm, rendering it unreadable without the decryption keys
eSATA
Serial ATA-based connector for external hard drives and optical devices
Ethernet over Power
Uses a building’s existing electrical network for ethernet
exFAT
A Microsoft-proprietary file system that breaks the 4-GB file size barrier, supporting files up to 16exabytes
expansion bus
Set of wires going to the CPU, governed by the expansion bus crystal
expansion bus crystal
Controls the speed of the expansion bus
expansion slots
Connectors on a motherboard that enable users to add optional components to a system
ext4 (Fourth Extended File System)
The file system used by most Linux distros
external data bus (EDB)
Primary data highway of all computers
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
Authentication wrapper that EAP-compliant applications can use to accept one of many types of authentication
FAT (file allocation table)
Hidden table that records how files on a hard disk are stored in distinct clusters; the only way DOS knows where to access files
FAT32
File allocation table that uses 32 bits to address and index clusters. Commonly used with USB flash-media drives
file association
Windows term for the proper program to open a particular file; for example, the file association for opening .MP3 files might be MusicBee
FireWire (IEEE 1394)
Interconnection standard to send wide-band signals over a serialized, physically thin connector system
firmware
Embedded programs or code stored on a ROM chip
FPU (floating-point unit)
The formal term for math coprocessor circuitry inside a CPU
fragmentation
Occurs when files and directories get jumbled on a fixed disk and are no longer contiguous
frame
A data unit transferred across a network
frontside bus
On older PC architectures, the wires that connect the CPU to its external memory controller
FRU (field replaceable unit)
Any part of a PC that is considered to be replaceable “in the field” ex: customer location
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Rules that enable two computers to talk to one another during a file transfer
full device encryption
Enhances mobile devices security by encrypting the devices internal storage
full format
Format process that tests every sector to mark out the unusable ones in the file allocation table
full-duplex
Any device that can send and receive data simultaneously
fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
A complete, bottom-to-top label of a DNS host going from the specific host to the top-level domain that holds it and all of the intervening domain layers
GDDR5
The fifth generation of graphical DDR RAM found on high-performance video cards
GDI (graphical device interface)
Component of Windows that utilizes the CPU rather then the printer to process a print job as a bitmapped image if each page
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
European Union law that defines a broad set of rights and protections of personal information for citizens of the EU
general protection fault (GPF)
Error code usually seen when separate active programs conflict on resources or data
giga
Prefix for the quantity 1,073,741,824 or for 1 billion
globally unique identifier (GUID) partition table (GPT)
Partitioning scheme that enables you to create more than four primary partitions without needing to use dynamic disks
gpupdate
Windows command for making immediate group policy changes in an individual system
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)
Wireless data for mobile devices
HAL (hardware abstraction layer)
Part of the Windows OS that separates system-specific device drivers from the rest of the operating system
half-duplex
Transmission mode where a device can either send or receive, but not do both at once
HBA (host bus adapter)
Connects SATA devices to the expansion bus
HDBaseT
Wired video transmission system to carry uncompressed HD video over CAT 5a or CAT 6 network cables
hidden attribute
File attribute that, when used, does not allow the dir command to show a file
horizontal cabling
Cabling that connects the equipment room to the work areas
hot-swapping
Any hardware that may be attached to or removed from a PC without interrupting the PC’s normal processing
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
ASCII-based, script-like language for creating hypertext documents such as those on the World Wide Web
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
The extremely fast protocol used for network file transfers in the WWW environment. Uses port 80
hub
The device that sits at the center of a star bus topology network, providing a common point for the connection of network devices
hybrid (networking)
A network topology that combines features from multiple other topologies, such as the star bus topology
hybrid cloud
A combination of cloud resources from more than one other cloud type, such as community, private, or public
IaaS (Infrastructure as a service)
Cloud-hosted provider of virtualized servers and networks
IDE (integrated drive electronics)
PC specification for small- to medium-sized hard drives in which the controlling electronics for the drive are part of the drive itself
IEC-320
Connects the cable supplying AC power from a wall outlet into the power supply
IEEE 1394
IEEE standard governing FireWire communication
IEEE 1394a
FireWire standard that runs at 400 Mbps
IEEE 1394b
FireWire standard that runs at 800 Mbps
IEEE 802.11
Wireless Ethernet standard is more commonly known as WIFI
IMC (integrated memory controller)
Memory controller circuitry built into the CPU that enables faster control over things like the large L3 cache shared among multiple cores
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity
A 15-digit number used to uniquely identify a mobile device, typically a smartphone or other device that connects to a cellular network
impedance
Amount of resistance to an electrical signal on a wire
IMSI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
A unique number that represents the actual user with a particular SIM number
infrastructure mode
wireless networking mode that uses one or more WAPs to connect the wireless network nodes to a wired network segment
intrusion detection system (IDS)
Suspension of a process, such as the execution of a computer program
intrusion prevention system (IPS)
Application similar to an intrusion detection system (IDS), except that it sits directly in the flow of network traffic
IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4)
Internet standard protocol that provides a common layer over dissimilar networks; used to move packets among host computers
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)
Protocol in which addresses consist of eight sets of four hexadecimal numbers, each number being a value between 0000 and ffff, using a colon to separate the numbers
IrDA (Infrared Data Association) protocol
A protocol that enables communication through infrared devices, with speeds up to 4 Mbps
Level 1 (L1) cache
First RAM cache accessed by the CPU, which stores only the absolute most accessed programming and data used by currently running threads
