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yaay > CompSci - Databases > Flashcards

CompSci - Databases Flashcards

1
Q

Database

A

Contains individual attributes about entities structued in various data structures.

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2
Q

Data Consistency

A

Ensures data is correct by controlling all occurences of the same data item to be updated dynamically.

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3
Q

Referential Integrity

A

Ensuring that foreign keys in tables refer to valid records/tables.

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4
Q

Data Redundancy

A

Ensures that data isn’t duplicated, wasting storage

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5
Q

Data Independence

A

Ensures the database is a separate system from its application so that changes are simpler to make.

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6
Q

Atomic Data

A

Attributes that are broken down into their fundamental parts to maximise flexibility.

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7
Q

DBMS

A

Database Management System

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8
Q

DBMS Tools

A

IQRAMS DUM

Integrity
Queries
Report generation
Access levels
Maintenance
Security

Dictionaires
User interface
Manipulation

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9
Q

Primary Key

A

Unique identifier for an entity

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10
Q

Compound Key

A

Unique identifier with >1 fields for an entity

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11
Q

Candidate Key

A

Any field other than a dedicated ID that can be used as a primary key.

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12
Q

Foreign Key

A

A primary key from another table to represent a relationship between the objects

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13
Q

Secondary Key

A

A second primary key, allowing users to access the data in some other order

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14
Q

Validation Techniques

A

Presence
Format
Length
Range
Lookup
Type

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15
Q

Verification Techniques

A

Double-Entry
Proof-reading

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16
Q

Big Data

A

A large & complex set of data collected from various sources that can be analysed using dedicated systems to find trends and patterns.

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17
Q

Predictive Analysis

A

An active process that relates past patterns and trends with potential future behaviour using modelling and machine learning to inform business risks or opportunities.

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18
Q

Data Warehousing

A

Storing big data sets in a centralised location from several sources that support analysis.

19
Q

Data Mining

A

A passive process that uses automated software to find patterns and relationships in large data sets.

20
Q

Distributed Systems

A

Using a local connected network of devices to harness their collective processing power and storage capacity to more efficiently analyse / store data.

21
Q

0NF

A

Flat file (contains a number of single tables w no links between them)

22
Q

1NF

A
  • Primary Key
  • Fields are atomic
  • No repeating rows / columns
23
Q

2NF

A

Attributes are dependent on only one primary key (split into tables).

24
Q

3NF

A

No transitive partial dependency (no composite keys).

25
Q

SQL - TABLE

A

CREATE TABLE [name] (
[var1] Int PRIMARY KEY
[var2] Varchar(n)
[var3] Varchar(n) NOT NULL
)

26
Q

SQL - SELECT

A

SELECT */### FROM [table_name] WHERE [condition]

27
Q

SQL - INSERT

A

INSERT INTO [table_name] VALUES [vars]

28
Q

SQL - DELETE

A

DELETE FROM [table_name] WHERE [condition]

29
Q

Purpose of SQL (Data Operations)

A

CSS TRIM but on databases

Copying
Searching
Sorting

Traversing
Removing
Inserting
Merging

30
Q

Normalisation Format

A

TABLE_NAME ([underscore]PK[underscore], extras, [overscore]FK[overscore])

31
Q

IQRAMS DUM - Integrity

A

If any data is updated, linked data in other tables is updated

32
Q

IQRAMS DUM - Queries

A

Can use code to perform commands to manipulate the database

33
Q

IQRAMS DUM - Report gen.

A

Generate a visual represntation of database contents

34
Q

IQRAMS DUM - Access lvls.

A

Users can only view the data they are granted to see

35
Q

IQRAMS DUM - Maintenance

A

Ensures that data is stored properly in memory

36
Q

IQRAMS DUM - Security

A

Data is protected with passwords or other methods

37
Q

IQRAMS DUM - Dictionaries

A

Allows users to specify the structure of data and the metadata of each attribute (length, type…)

38
Q

IQRAMS DUM - User Interface

A

Provides a visual representation of the database that users can interact with

39
Q

IQRAMS DUM - Manipulation

A

CSS TRIM

Copying
Searching
Sorting

Traversing
Removing
Inserting
Merging

40
Q

Distributed Database Benefits

A

Problem in one site doesn’t stop the rest
Staff access can be limited to sections
Scaling is simplified
No network bottleneck as it’s local
Cost
High performance

41
Q

SQL - UPDATE

A

UPDATE [table_name] SET [table_var = var]

42
Q

SQL - JOIN

A

SELECT */### FROM [table_name] WHERE [condition]

43
Q

Data Normalisation

A

Reorganising data in a database to make it more convenient, simple and flexible.

yaay (6 decks)

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