Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

principles of anesthesia i > Compressed Gases & Vaporizers (Exam III) > Flashcards

Compressed Gases & Vaporizers (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

Define a non-liquified gas

A

A gas that does not liquefy at ordinary ambient temperature regardless of pressure applied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which gases are non-liquified?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Air
  • Helium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define a liquified gas

A

A gas that becomes liquid at ambient temperature and at pressures from 25-1500 PSI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which gases are liquified?

A
  • Nitrous Oxide
  • Carbon Dioxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What aspect of the government regulates gas purity?

A

FDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What aspect of the government regulates marking, labeling, storage, & handling?

A

DOT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What aspect of government regulates employee safety?

A

OSHA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The body of a gas tank is composed of

A
  • Steel
  • Steel carbon fiber
  • Aluminum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The base of a gas tank has what shape?

A

Flat or concave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What material are gas tank valves made from?

A

Bronze or brass
Allows refilling and discharge of gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should be attached to every single gas cylinder?

A

Handle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What vents cylinder contents to the atmosphere if the pressure increases to a dangeral level?

A

Pressure relief device (safety relief)
Disc bursts or plug melts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Pin Index Safety System?

A

Holes and cylinder valve that only work with the correct pins on the yoke/pressure regulator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the smallest cylinder size?
What is the biggest?
What cylinder size is used for anesthesia machines?
What cylinder size is used for transport?

A
  • a = Smallest
  • H = Largest
  • E = Anesthesia
  • D = Transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pressure-volume relationship of a non-liquefied stored gas?

A

Pressure decreases as volume decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and volume for a liquefied gas?

A

Pressure is dependent on vapor pressure
Pressure is not an indicator of remaining volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 5 DOT regulations for gas cylinders?

A
  1. Service pressure
  2. Test date
  3. Diamond-shaped label indicating hazard of gas
  4. Manufacturer info
  5. Expiration date
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How often should the gas cylinder valves, regulators, and gauges be lubricated?

A

Trick question. Never.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A gas cylinder should never be exposed to temperatures above _____.

A

54° C (130° F)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 8 standards for gas cylinders?

A
  1. Valves, regulators, gauges never come into contact with oils, greases, lubricants
  2. Never subject to temps above 54 C (130F)
  3. Connections always tight
  4. Never cross use hoses, regulators, gauges
  5. Markings, labels must not be altered
  6. Cannot be dropped, drug, slid
  7. Valve kept closed at all times
  8. Properly secured to prevent fall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 6 standards for storage rooms for gas cylinders?

A
  1. Adequate ventilation
  2. Signs “no smoking” “no combustibles”
  3. Not exposed to corrosive chemicals, fumes
  4. Stored upright in bins
  5. Full separated from empty
  6. Wrapping, drapes undesirable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 8 steps that should be followed prior to gas cylinder use?

A
  1. Label, pin index holes, regulator, valve outlet inspected
  2. Assess if Tamper seal removed
  3. Washer in place
  4. Open valve before bringing cylinder to pt
  5. Face valve outlet away from people
  6. Open slowly
  7. Check service pressure
  8. Correct leaks if any
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is used to deliver non-flammable gases (O₂ , N₂O, medical air) to anesthetizing locations and other patient care areas?

A

Pipeline systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many days of oxygen should a central supply for a hospital “bank” for emergencies?

A

2 days supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the benefits of a liquid storage of gas?

A
  • Less expensive & convenient to store
  • Refilled via supply trucks
  • No interruption to service
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the three classes of piping?

A
  • Main - Connect gas source to risers
  • Risers - Vertical pipes connecting main line w/branch lines on each level of the facility
  • Branch - Sections supplying a room or group of rooms on one level of the facility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What permits specific areas of a piping system to be isolated for problems and maintenance?

A

Shut-off valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Area alarm systems must be audible and _______.

A

visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Area alarm systems will alarm if pressure increases or decreases by _ from normal line pressure.

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where are the places where area alarm is supposed to sound off at?

A
  • Maintenance
  • Engineering
  • Affected area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the point in a piped gas distribution where the user connects and disconnects by hose?

A

Terminal units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What connection system is used in terminal units?

A

DISS (Diameter Index Safety System)
“quick connects”
Nipple and nut vary in bore and diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of quick connectors?

A
  • Allow connection with one/both hands without tools
  • More convenient
  • Leak more
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the different types of outlet types?

A
  • Wall
  • Ceiling-mounted
  • Ceiling column
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Modern volatile anesthetics exist in a liquid state below ____°C.

A

20°C

68°F

36
Q

In a closed container, molecules escape and go from the _ phase to _ phase.

A

liquid
vapor

37
Q

Vapor molecules bombard container walls giving rise to _ _.

A

vapor pressure

38
Q

What is saturated vapor pressure?

A

When the liquid and vapor phases are at thermodynamic equilibrium

39
Q

Saturated vapor pressure is dependent on what two factors?

A
  • Characteristics of liquid
  • Temperature of liquid
40
Q

Saturated vapor pressure is independent of _ _.

A

atmospheric pressure

41
Q

How is Volume percent calculated?

A

Partial pressure ÷ Total pressure

akin to how gas is delivered = MAC

Daltons Law.

42
Q

What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Halothane?

A

Fluothane

243 mmHg

43
Q

What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Isoflurane?

A

Forane

238 mmHg

44
Q

What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Desflurane?

A

Suprane

669 mmHg

45
Q

What is the trade name and vapor pressure of Sevoflurane?

A

Ultane

157 mmHg

46
Q

Which VAA boils and evaporates at room temperature?

A

Desflurane

47
Q

_ _ is the temperature at which vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

A

Boiling point

48
Q

the number of calories necessary to convert 1 g of liquid into vapor.

A

Heat of vaporization

49
Q

the number of calories required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1°C.

A

Specific heat

50
Q

The higher the specific heat, the _ heat required to raise the temp of a substance

A

more

51
Q

What is the specific heat of water?

A

1 cal/g

52
Q

What should be considered when choosing material for a vaporizer?

A
  • How much heat must be supplied
  • Materials with higher specific heat minimize temperature variations
53
Q

This term describes the “speed” at which heat flows through a substance.

A

Thermal conductivity

54
Q

What will metals with a high thermal conductivity do?
Which metals are examples of this?

A
  • ↑ thermal conductivity = limited temperature swings w/ vaporization
  • Copper & aluminum
55
Q

What does it mean when we say a vaporizer is “concentration-calibrated, and has variable bypass”?

A
  • Concentration-calibrated = calibrated to give via a concentration (ex. 6% desflurane, won’t give in mg of des)
  • Variable bypass refers to the wicking chamber
56
Q

Vaporizers cannot be past the _ _ _

A

Common gas outlet.

Vaporizers are not calibrated for the high flows of the oxygen flush button

57
Q

What type of vaporizer is depicted below?

A

Old style “bubble-through” vaporizer

58
Q

What type of vaporizer is depicted below?

A

New style “flow-over” vaporizer

59
Q

Temperature compensation is _
Splitting ratio changes as _ changes

A

automatic
temperature

60
Q

What are the chances of filling the vaporizer with a different VA?

A

Unlikely
Filling systems are agent specific
(Could potentially occur with Isoflurane and Halothane)

61
Q

Would the anesthesia machine be able to detect two VAA’s running at the same time?

A

Yes

62
Q

What would be the fix if a vaporizer were to run the wrong gas through it?

A
  • Completely drain & discard liquid
  • FGF run until no more vapor is detected
63
Q

What occurs with vaporizers at high flow (>15L/min) rates?

A

Failure to saturate carrier gases

64
Q

What occurs with vaporizers at low flow (<250mL/min) rates?

A

High density of VAA prevents movement onward through the anesthesia machine (gas fails to saturate).

65
Q

What is a normal FGF Flow rate?

A

250 mL/min-10 L/min

66
Q

What are the causes of intermittent back pressure (pumping effect) on vaporizers?

A
  • Positive pressure ventilation
  • Oxygen flush valve use
67
Q

What factors make a pumping effect in vaporizers more pronounced?

A
  • Low flow rates
  • Low dial settings
  • Low levels of liquid in the vaporizing chamber
68
Q

What’s done to anesthesia machines to ameliorate the pumping effect?

A
  • Smaller vaporizing chambers
  • Baffle systems
  • Longer tube for the inlet of vaporizing chamber
  • Addition of check valve
69
Q

T/F
A higher FGF results in more exhaled gas being rebreathed.

A

False
↑ FGF = ↓ rebreathing

70
Q

What two factors would cause significant rebreathing?

A
  • Low FGF
  • High minute volume
71
Q

Vapor pressure is _ of barometric pressure.

A

independent

72
Q

Vaporizers are calculated/calibrated at _ _.

A

Sea level

73
Q

What occurs with anesthetic depth at altitude?
Why is this?

A

No changes vs sea level (controversial)
Volume % may change significantly in vaporizer
Partial pressures and solubility to brain change less in comparision

74
Q

What could cause excessively high vaporizer output?

A

Tipping

75
Q

What can cause tipping?

A

When incorrectly:
Removed
Transported
Replaced

76
Q

How do modern vaporizer’s prevent overfilling?

A

Overflow hole(s)

77
Q

What occurs when overfilling happens?

A

Liquid enters bypass chamber → excessive dose delivered to patient.

78
Q

What causes VAA leaks?

A
  • Loose filler caps
  • Drain valves
  • Faulty vaporizer mounting bracket interface
79
Q

How would a leak in the vaporizer present?

A
  • Gas odor
  • Lower than expected inhaled concentration
80
Q

What occurs to the patient with vaporizer leaks?

A

Increased patient awareness
(patient wakes up)

81
Q

A vaporizer standard average concentrations must be +/- ___% of setting.

A

20

82
Q

What is the output of a vaporizer when turned off?

A

< 0.05%

83
Q

What prevents more than one vaporizer from being turned on at a time?

A

Interlock device

84
Q

All control knobs must turn _

A

counterclockwise

85
Q

_ _ must be displayed on the vaporizer

A

Filling levels

86
Q

What are the mounting standards for vaporizers?

A

Must be detachable
Locking lever on back (front for cannisters)
Easily removed and replaced (especially for MH)

principles of anesthesia i (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions