Comprehensive Test Flashcards
1
Q
Alcian blue demonstrates
A
Acid mucins
2
Q
ATPase enzyme histochemistry demonstrates
A
ATPase in muscles
3
Q
Bielschowskys silver technique demonstrates
A
Dendrites, axons, neurofibrils
4
Q
Brown & brenn gram stain demonstrates
A
Bacteria
5
Q
Congo red demonstrates
A
Amyloid
6
Q
Cresyl echt violet demonstrates
A
Nissl substance
7
Q
Geimsa stain demonstrates
A
Mast cells or h. Pylori
8
Q
Gomori burtner demonstrates
A
Melanin
9
Q
Gordon & sweet’s demonstrates
A
Reticulin
10
Q
Grocott’s methenamine silver demonstrates
A
Fungi (eg. pneumocystis)
11
Q
Hematoxylin & eosin shows
A
General stain
12
Q
Immunohistochemistry
A
Anything an antibody can be made for
13
Q
Luxol fast blue stain shows
A
Myelin
14
Q
Masson’s trichrome shows
A
Collagen
15
Q
Oil red O technique shows
A
Neutral fats (simple fats)
16
Q
Papanicolaou technique shows
A
Cytology smears
17
Q
Periodic acid schiff’s shows
A
Neutral mucin, glycogen
18
Q
Perl’s Prussian blue shows
A
Hemosiderin
19
Q
Gomori’s aldehyde fuchsin demonstrates
A
Elastic and mast cells
20
Q
Toluidine blue stain shows
A
Mast cells or h pylori
21
Q
Perl’s Prussian blue shows
A
Hemosiderin
22
Q
Southgate’s mucicarmine
A
Epithelial acid mucins
23
Q
Verhoeff’s Van Gieson
A
Elastic
24
Q
Van Kossa shows
A
Calcium
25
Ziehl neelson shows
Acid fast bacilli (t.b.)
26
Nuclei in gomori's aldehyde fuchsin technique
Yellow - no specific stain for nuclei
27
Mast cells in a gomori's aldehyde fuchsin technique
Purple - GAF not specific for elastic
28
Gram positive bacteria if over differentiated after crystal violet
Red
29
Nuclei in the brown and brenn gram stain if over differentiated with picric acid/acetone
Yellow
30
Fungi in the periodic acid schiff (pas) technique
Magenta - chitin binds with schiffs
31
Fungi in the grocott's methenamine silver technique
Black - silver impregnation
32
Neutral mucins in a pas technique if potassium permanganate is used as the oxidizing agent
Light pink - colour of background - CHO overoxidized from aldehydes to acid state
33
Cytoplasm in an H&E if over differentiated with acid alcohol
Pink - only affects nuclei
34
Epithelial acid mucins in the Southgate's mucicarmine technique
Red
35
Cytoplasm in an H&E if the blueing agent is not properly removed
Very pale pink
36
Nuclei in the Congo red technique
Blue - stained with aluminum hematoxylin
37
Calcium in the von kossa technique
Black - silver impregnation
38
Glycogen, after diastase in the periodic acid schiff technique
Pale pink - background colour
39
Mycobacterium after ziehl Nelson technique
Red - AFB stain with carbon fuchsin
40
Streptococcus after ziehl Nelson technique
Blue - color of background
41
Neutral lipids for oil red O cut on a cryostat
Red to orange
42
Neutral lipids for oil red O cut from wax block
Not demonstrated - removed
43
Hemosiderin after a perl's Prussian Blue
Blue
44
Nuclei after masson's trichrome using an aluminum hematoxylin
Red - same as cytoplasm
45
Fine elastic fibers in verhoeff's van gieson (vvg) after leaving in van gieson reagent too long
Not black/not demonstrated - iron hematoxylin removed by the acid
46
Cytoplasm if underdifferentiated in the VVG technique
Grey to black
47
Reticulin fibers if iron alum is skipped in the Gordon and sweet's
Not demonstrated
48
Melanin if potassium permanganate was used as an oxidizing agent in the gomori burtner technique
Not demonstrated - removed
49
Melanin in the luxol fast if over differentiated with lithium carbonate
Pink
50
Nissl substance using the cresyl echt violet technique
Violet
51
Carboxylated mucins after alcian blue technique ph 1.0
No demonstration - not blue
52
Mast cells using geimsa or toluidine blue
Violet - both metachromatic dyes
53
Control slide for alcian blue
Small intestine
54
Control slide for bielschowskys silver technique
Grey matter
55
Control slide for brown & brenn gram stain
Infected tissue
56
Control slide for Congo red
Known amyloid slide
57
Control slide for cresyl echt violet
Grey matter
58
Control slide gomori burtner
Skin
59
Control slide for gomori's aldehyde fuchsin
Aorta or skin
60
Control slide for Gordon & sweet's
Spleen or liver
61
Control slide for grocott's methenamine silver
Known fungi slide
62
Control slide for masson's trichrome
Kidney
63
Control slide for hematoxylin & eosin
Small intestine
64
Control slide for luxol fast Blue
Cerebellum
65
Control slide for masson's trichrome
Kidney
66
Control slide for oil red o
Fatty liver
67
Control slide for periodic acid schiff's glycogen
Liver
68
Control slide for PAS for neutral mucins
Small intestine
69
Control slide for perl's Prussian blue
Known hemosiderosis slide
70
Control slide for verhoeff's van gieson
Aorta or skin
71
Control slide for ziehl neelson
Known TB lung
72
A pathologist is reading the gross description report and it indicates that the patient sample they are examining should uterus but under the microscope they see tissue from a breast on the slide. What could be the reason for the pathologist not receiving the correct specimen with the gross description report?
The pathologist assistant opened two specimen containers at a time and grabbed the wrong specimen while grossing.
The pathologist assistant gave the wrong requisition to the wrong specimen after grossing.
The technologist while embedding opened two cassettes at one time and put the wrong tissue in wax mold with the wrong cassette on top.
73
____ counteracts the shrinking of the cells that occur from picric avoid in bouins fixative
Acetic acid
74
What information would you find on a tissue cassette?
Block number
Year and surgical number
Number of tissue pieces
75
Before processing decalcified tissue, what is the next step?
Neutralize acid
76
The grossing area recieves a liver biopsy that appears fatty. The pathologist wants to preserve the lipids in the tissue. What is the best fixative to use for lipid studies?
Osmium tetroxide
77
A technologist completed an H & E stain on breast tissue and decided to check the slide under the microscope to verify if the stain worked correctly. The technologist noticed that all the lipids were destroyed in the tissue. What fixative was used in the grossing area that could have destroyed all the lipids on the slide?
100% ethanol
78
Which fixative is the best in providing maximum preservation of glycogen in the tissue
Picric acid 95%- 100% ethyl alcohol
79
Problems associated with picric acid
Yellow discolouration of tissue
Hemolyzes RBCs
Dissolves iron
Explosive when dry
80
Problems associated with 95%-100% ethyl alcohol
Flammable poisonous excessive hardness & shrinkage government regulated
81
Describe the choice of fixative to use and there reasons why you choose that fixative for immunological studies
B5 it zinc formalin
Enhances immunoreactivity
Coagulant fixative
Gives permeability
Better antibody penetration
More intense staining
Enhances nuclear detail, and good morphology
Enhances staining of both nuclei & cytoplasm
82
Upon microscopic examination, an H&E stained section of routinely processed spoken shows small brown to black granules evenly distributed throughout the tissue. Suggest a possible causative agent and describe how this artifact can be removed
Formalin pigment - acid formaldehyde hematin (AFH)
Formaldehyde/ formalin, acid ph, hemoglobin (blood rich tissues)
1) bring section to absolute alcohol
2) place section in saturated picric acid for 5 min to 2 hours depending on the amount of pigment present
3) wash for 15 to 20 min in running tap water
4) proceed to desired stain
83
Surface decalcification
Rough in to exposed the tissue
- surface of the tissue is placed in 1% HCL for 15-60 minutes
- this allows only several sections to be cut
84
A. Disposal of used 10% NBF
Wear appropriate PPE - mask, gloves and safety glasses. Work in a chemical fume hood. Mix with formalex in a ratio of 1:5 with formalin. Leave for a minimum of 1 hour (when a precipitate has formed, the fixative has been "neutralized"). This solution can now safely be poured down the sink with running tap water.
85
The 3 ingredients in B5 fixative are:
Mercuric chloride, sodium acetate, formaldehyde
86
Which fixative is classified as a non additive
95% ethyl alcohol
87
Which fixative is considered a substitute for B5
Zinc formalin
88
Commercial stock formaldehyde solution contains
40% formaldehyde
89
Formalin pigment (AFH), may be removed from tissue by: (acidic ph and blood cause formalin pigment)
Alcoholic picture acid
90
Non-coagulant fixatives
Creates a gel that makes penetration by subsequent solutions difficult. Example: 10% NB formalin
Formaldehyde, acetic acid
91
Additive fixatives (non "A" words) formalin, Mercury, osmium, glutaraldehyde
Formalin, Mercury, osmium, glutaraldehyde
92
Non-additive fixatives ("a" words)
Alcohol, acetic acid, acetone
93
Coagulants (ZAPAM)
Zinc, alcohol, picric acid, acetone, Mercury
94
Tissue is fixed in order to:
Stop autolysis
95
Which fixative is considered the "routine fixative"
10% NB formalin
96
Best secondary fixative for cytoplasmic (trichrome) staining
Bouin's
97
After fixative tissue in Bouin's solution the excess picric acid is removed by washing in:
70% ethanol
98
Which fixative makes lipids insoluble
Osmium tetroxide
99
A dye appears colorless because its chromophore was reduced. The reaction is reversible
Leuco compound
100
Basophilic tissue has a ____ charge
Negative
101
Another name for a basic or positively charged dye
Cationic dye
102
The ionizing radical of a dye which is responsible for it's bonding to oppositely charged tissue group (ie: -OH, -SO3H, -COOH, -NH2)
Auxochrome
103
The process of selectively removing excess or non-specific stain from tissue components where it's presence is not desired. This may be accomplished by using solvents, acid or basic solutions, mordants, etc
Differentiation
104
A color complex that includes a benzene ring and a chromophore. It is not considered a dye
Chromagen
105
Used in staining techniques to increase the intensity and selectivity or affinity of dyes for certain tissues or components of tissue (ie: phenol in carbon fuchsin).
Accentuator
106
The staffing of tissue, with a dye, in a predictable way. A green dye stains the tissue green.
Orthochromasia
107
The phenomenon that occurs when a single pure due stains chromotrophic tissue in a color that differs from that of the dye solution (due to polymerization).
Metochromasia
108
A stain applied after the main tissue component highlighted. This serves as a contract so the main component stands out better.
Counterstain
109
Why is it necessary to oxidize hematoxylin before using just as a staining solution?
To concert it to hematein,a dye
110
Which of the following contains aluminum ammonium sulfate?
Harris hematoxylin
111
What is the most likely cause of eosin being too pale in an H&E stain?
Tissue not rinsed well enough in water after blueing agent used.
112
After completion of a masson's trichrome technique, the cytoplasm appears muddy. What is the cause of this result?
Aniline blue is causing a discoloration of the cytoplasm
113
Which statement is true for masson's trichrome technique?
Acid fuchsin initially stains the collagen red
114
Why is the staining time critical in the van gieson reagent in the verhoeff's van gieson technique?
Picric acid continues the differentiation of the elastic fibers
115
What is the function of getting chloride in the verhoeff's van gieson technique?
Mordant
Oxidizer
Differentiator
116
Demonstrates large and small elastic fibers easily
Tomorrow aldehyde fuchsin technique
117
After completion of a Gordon and sweet's technique, the reticulum is demonstrated as pale grey fibers. Which of the following would be the possible cause?
The time in the ferric ammonium sulfate was to short
118
Toluidine blue
Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin
Giemsa
All techniques demonstrates?
Mast cells
119
Which of the following is the mordant salt used to make hematoxylin solutions most commonly used in the routine H&E?
Aluminum
120
A hematoxylin solution that is commonly used progressively and very rarely used regressively is
Mayers
121
Microscopic differentiation of tissue components in unstained tissue sections is difficult. Consequently, routine stains are used to:
Demonstrate the tissue components uniformly
122
A substance that has the ability to bind to silver solution and reduce it to a metallic form is Said to be
Argentaffin
123
Select the oxidizer in the f Gordon and sweet's silver impregnation procedure for reticulin fibers
Potassium permanganate
124
Quenching (snap freezing)
Muscle biopsy, uses clamps to prevent muscle from contraction, details will not be seen
125
Thickness of specimen used in cryostat
6 um store at -70 degrees c
126
What would the results be for the different carboxylated if you did a PAS technique on your slides
Glycogen = positive
Neutral mucin = positive
Acid mucin = negative
127
What would be the result for the different carbohydrates if you did a PAS diastase technique on your slides
Glycogen = negative
Neutral mucin = positive
Acid mucin = negative
128
What would the results be for the different carbohydrates if you did a alcian blue techniques on your slides
Glycogen = negative
Neutral mucin = negative
Acid mucin = positive
129
What would the results be for the different carbohydrates if you did a Southgates mucicarmine technique on your slides
Glycogen = negative
Neutral mucin = negative
Acid mucin = positive
130
What are the two oxidizing agents used in the PAS technique
Periodic acid and tap water
131
A pre-treatment slide can be used to identify the difference between Al and AA
Congo red
132
Uses an amylase to remove glycogen from tissue
PAS
133
Had hydroxyl groups in the tissue
Perl's Prussian blue
134
Schiff's reagent is
Colorless
135
Fixative for PPB is
10% NBF
136
Gomori burtner technique uses which forceps
Plastic
137
After performing a PPB technique, you look under the microscope and can't find any evidence of ferritin on your control slide and patient slides what could be the probable cause?
Forgot to add HCL to histochemical solution
Potassium ferrocyanide was made up
Two months before use
Tissue was fixed in bouin's
138
When performing ziehl neelson technique, carbon fuchsin is heated at 60 C. What would the heat do to the stain?
Allows for better dye penetration
139
What is found on the mycobacterium cell wall that allows staining with carbol fuchsinto occur
Mycolic acid
140
What is the purpose of adding borax to working methenamine silver in grocott's methenamine silver technique
Buffer
141
After performing gram's stain you noticed that nuclei are red, tissue is yellow, grab positive bacteria are purple and gram negative bacteria are purple. What is the reason for this result?
Under colorized in the acetone (acetone step in between gram's iodine and basic)
142
After performing f
Grocott's methenamine silver you notice that the tissue is green but you can not find fungus on the slide. What could be the probable cause?
Silver was not made correctly
There was no fungus on the control slide to begin with tissue were left in silver solution at room temperature for 30 min
143
What is the silver impregnation technique used to stain nervous tissue
Bielschowskys technique
144
In gram's stain technique what two solutions are combined together to form a high molecular weight complex?
Crystal violet, gram's iodine
145
What kind of result would you get if you use tap water before adding carbon fuchsin on your slides when doing the ziehl neelson technique
False positive as there is mycobacteria in tap water
146
What control slide would you use when performing oil red o
Fatty liver cut at 10 um
147
Differentiation agents in the luxol fast blue procedure for myelin are:
Lithium carbonate and 70% alcohol
148
Neutral lipids are chemically fixed and made insoluble in tissue by:
Osmium tetroxide
149
What technique uses copper pthalocyanine chromagen to stain tissue
Luxol fast blue
150
When staining tissues with hematoxylin and riding, what's is the appropriate colors for the tissue components as an end result when stain is complete
Nuclei = blue
Collagen = pink
Reticulin = not demonstrated
Cytoplasm = pink
Muscle = pink
RBC's = dark pink
Lipid = not demonstrated
151
When staining tissues with verhoeff's van gieson, what is the appropriate colors for the tissue component as an end result when stain is complete
Nuclei = black
Collagen = red
Reticulin = not demonstrated
Elastin = black
Cytoplasm = yellow
Muscle = yellow
RBC's = bright yellow
Lipids - no
152
When staying tissues with Gordon and sweet's, what is the appropriate colors for the tissue components as an end result when stain is complete
Nuclei = red
Collagen = pink/grey
Reticulin = black/grey
Elastin = pink
Cytoplasm = pink
Muscle = pink
RBC's = pink
Lipids = not demonstrated
153
When staying tissues with tomorrow aldehyde fuchsin, what is the appropriate colors for the tissue components as an end result when stain is complete
Nuclei = yellow
Collagen = red
Reticulin = not demonstrated
Elastin = purple
Cytoplasm = yellow
Muscle = yellow
RBC's = bright yellow
Lipids = not demonstrated
154
When staying tissues with masson's trichrome, what is the appropriate colors for the tissue components as an end result when stain is complete
Nuclei = black
Collagen = blue/green
Reticulin= not demonstrated
Elastin = red
Cytoplasm = red
Muscle = red
RBC's = red
Lipids = not demonstrated
155
What technique uses light green to stain collagen
Mason's trichrome
156
Which technique uses iodine as a trapping agent
Brown and brenn's
157
Mercuric oxide in H&E is used as a/an?
Oxidizing agent
158
What does acid fuchsin stain in masson's trichrome technique
Erythrosin
159
In what technique does ferric chloride act as an oxidizing agent differentiation agent and mordant
VVG
160
What is the name of the bleaching agent in Gordon and sweet's
Oxalic acid
161
Gold chloride is a toning agent in which connective tissue staining technique
G&S
162
What is the reason for using glycerol in H&E
Stabilizer
163
Which staining technique uses bouin's to increase acidophila
masson's trichrome technique
164
What is the solution used in Gordon and sweet's to cover aldehyde groups with Fe jobs to prepare for silver binding to retic fibers
Ferric ammonium sulphate or iron alum
165
While performing Gordon and sweet's technique, you notice that you're tissue has fallen off the spider. What is the reason for this
Silver is a very alkaline solution and has the tendency to cause the tissue to fall off the side
166
After completing gomori aldehyde fuchsin technique for elastic, you notice no elastic fibers are stained on your control slide. What is the reason for this
Aldehyde fuchsin is too old
Aldehyde fuchsin used to early and didn't give enough time to ripen
Timing in aldehyde fuchsin solution is too short
167
After completing verhoeff's van gieson technique you notice on your control slide that your background seems muddy. What is the reason for this
Slides in the sodium thiosulphate for too long
168
After completing masson's trichrome technique, you notice your control slide doesn't have nuclei stained. What is the reason for this
Used aluminum hematoxylin to stain nuclei
169
The volume of fixing fluid should be
15- 20 times the amount of specimen
170
Why specimens are separated by different types of tissue
Helps to eliminate mistakes
171
What occurs when additive fixative is used
Methylene bridges
172
If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution what could happen
It will shrink
173
What is used in clearing portion of processor
Xylene
174
How long does it take for processor to complete the cycle
13 hours
175
____ increases Acidophilia and basophilia of the tissue
Mercury fixative
176
Mushy sections can be caused by
Under dehydration
177
Methylene bridges
Formation is reversible using the tap water
178
Serial sectioning
Requires all sections be saved on subsequently numbers slides
179
Tissue gouged, chunked out - reason?
Roughed I'm advancing too far
180
Best knife to obtain section on EM
Diamond
181
The clearance angle on a rotary microtome is
3 to 8 degrees
182
Temperatures used for drying sections
45
55
37
183
The x ray test to determine The endpoint not used on tissue fixed in
Zenker's - Mercury will interfere
184
Size of tissue cassettes
4x3x0.5 cm
185
The specimen must not need exceed ____in thickness
0.3 cm
186
Explain label S95-6142-2
S- surgical
95- year
6142- case #
2- blocks #
187
Routine processing
Fixation (10% NBF)
Dehydration (70% alcohol)
(95%)
(100%)
Clearing (xylene)
Paraffin (wax)
188
Purge
Cleaning cycles
Xylene- clean
100% ethanol - to remove xylene
Hot water - to remove buffer salts
189
Incomplete dehydration, corrective actions
Xylene
Alcohol (several changes)
Xylene
Paraffin
190
Incomplete clearing
Tissue- opaque, cloudy, soft, shrinks
Current to remove wax
2 changes of xylene to remove alcohol
Reimpregnation wax
191
Melting point of wax
45 to 5o degrees Celsius
192
Melting point of hard wax
50 to 60 degrees Celsius
193
Incomplete infiltration
Moist block, soft
Smells of xylene
Mushy
Correction- 2-3 changes of paraffin wax
194
Most critical step of embedding
Specimen orientation
195
Cracks around tissue in the block is caused by
Super cooling of the cold plate
196
Multiple small pieces must be placed
In a row or located centrally
197
Embedding of small intestine tissue
Tissue wall on edge- all layers are visible
198
The higher the plastic point
More support
199
Collagen capsule should be
The last part to hit the knife
200
Fluid paraffin converts to a solid by
Crystalization
201
Extended sitting of tissue in melted paraffin cause
Tissue to shrink and harden
202
Additive fixatives (my cat picked at Frank's good table) - adds something
Mercuric chloride, picric acid, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide
203
Noon additive fixatives
Alcohols and acetone coagulant fixatives (my cat eats meat and potatoes au gratin) - sponge Network
204
Non-coagulant fixatives (for good girls obey their parents daily)- jello (all non-coagulants are additive)
Formalin, glut, typical, osmium tetroxide, potassium dichromate
205
Steps for fixation for EM with glutaraldehyde
Glute>phosphate buffer>sucrose solution>osmium tetroxide
206
Acetic acid
Non coagulant (only nucleoprotein), does not fix carbs or lipids, dissolves out certain cells organelles (mito and golgi), precipitate DNA, lyses RBCs
207
10% aqueous formalin ingredients
Formaldehyde and DI water ( very hypotonic and may produce formalin pigment)
208
10% aqueous formalin ingredients
Formaldehyde and DI water ( very hypotonic and may produce formalin pigment)
209
10% formalin saline ingredients
Formaldehyde, NaCl, DI water (isotonic, but may produce formalin pigments)
210
Calcium formalin ingredients
Formaldehyde, calcium chloride, DI water (recommended for fixation and preservation of phospholipids in tissue
211
Calcium formalin ingredients
Formaldehyde, calcium chloride, DI water (recommended for fixation and preservation of phospholipids in tissue)
212
Formalin ammonium bromide ingredients formaldehyde, ammonium bromide, DI water (recommended only for CNS tissue, especially Cajal's astrocyte procedure- very acidic, lyses RBCs, and gives a direct positive schiff reaction due to Fuelgen hydrolysis during fixation
Formalin ammonium bromide ingredients
213
Formalin ammonium bromide ingredients formaldehyde, ammonium bromide, DI water (recommended only for CNS tissue, especially Cajal's astrocyte procedure- very acidic, lyses RBCs, and gives a direct positive schiff reaction due to Fuelgen hydrolysis during fixation
Formalin ammonium bromide ingredients
214
Acetate formalin ingredients
Formaldehyde, sodium acetate, DI water (can use calcium acetate and substitute for calcium formalin)
215
Acetate formalin ingredients
Formaldehyde, sodium acetate, DI water (can use calcium acetate and substitute for calcium formalin)
216
10% neutralized formalin ingredients
Formaldehyde, DI water, calcium or magnesium carbonate (solution becomes highly acidic after withdrawal from storage bottle)
217
10% NBF ingredients
Formaldehyde, distilled water, sodium phosphate mono basic, sodium phosphate dibasic (pH 6.8, hypotonic)
218
Modified millonig's formalin ingredients
Formaldehyde, DI water, sodium phosphate monobasic, NaOh (isotonic, pH 7.2-7.4, can be used for EM)
219
Formalin alcohol ingredients
Formaldehyde, ethyl alcohol, DI water (in addition to fixation, dehydration is also started)
220
Glutaraldehyde
Cannot be used with Schiff's reagent, frequently used for fixation of specimens for EM, preserves ultrastructure, 2 hours or less for fixation
221
Mercuric chloride
Powerful protein coagulant, enhances staining by leaving tissue receptive to dyes, produces pigment that can be removed with iodine and sodium thiosulfate
222
Mercuric chloride
Powerful protein coagulant, enhances staining by leaving tissue receptive to dyes, produces pigment that can be removed with iodine and sodium thiosulfate
223
Osmium tetroxide
EM, makes lipids insoluble
224
Osmium tetroxide
EM, makes lipids insoluble
225
Picric acid
Strong coagulant of nucleoprotein, leaves DNA soluble, recommended for glycogen fixation, leaves tissue receptive to acid dyes
226
Picric acid
Strong coagulant of nucleoprotein, leaves DNA soluble, recommended for glycogen fixation, leaves tissue receptive to acid dyes
227
Potassium dichromate
Dissolves DNA, preserves lipids and mito
228
Zinc sulfate
Protein coagulant, nuclear detail, better paraffin infiltration
229
Zinc sulfate
Protein coagulant, nuclear detail, better paraffin infiltration
230
B5 fixative ingredients
Mercuric chloride, sodium acetate, di water, for aldehyde (beautiful nuclear detail, must be treated to remove mercury pigment,preferred fixative for many Ab used in immunoperoxidase staining)
