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HTL Exam Comprehensive Prep > Comprehensive Test > Flashcards

Comprehensive Test Flashcards

1
Q

Alcian blue demonstrates

A

Acid mucins

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2
Q

ATPase enzyme histochemistry demonstrates

A

ATPase in muscles

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3
Q

Bielschowskys silver technique demonstrates

A

Dendrites, axons, neurofibrils

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4
Q

Brown & brenn gram stain demonstrates

A

Bacteria

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5
Q

Congo red demonstrates

A

Amyloid

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6
Q

Cresyl echt violet demonstrates

A

Nissl substance

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7
Q

Geimsa stain demonstrates

A

Mast cells or h. Pylori

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8
Q

Gomori burtner demonstrates

A

Melanin

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9
Q

Gordon & sweet’s demonstrates

A

Reticulin

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10
Q

Grocott’s methenamine silver demonstrates

A

Fungi (eg. pneumocystis)

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11
Q

Hematoxylin & eosin shows

A

General stain

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12
Q

Immunohistochemistry

A

Anything an antibody can be made for

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13
Q

Luxol fast blue stain shows

A

Myelin

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14
Q

Masson’s trichrome shows

A

Collagen

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15
Q

Oil red O technique shows

A

Neutral fats (simple fats)

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16
Q

Papanicolaou technique shows

A

Cytology smears

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17
Q

Periodic acid schiff’s shows

A

Neutral mucin, glycogen

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18
Q

Perl’s Prussian blue shows

A

Hemosiderin

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19
Q

Gomori’s aldehyde fuchsin demonstrates

A

Elastic and mast cells

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20
Q

Toluidine blue stain shows

A

Mast cells or h pylori

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21
Q

Perl’s Prussian blue shows

A

Hemosiderin

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22
Q

Southgate’s mucicarmine

A

Epithelial acid mucins

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23
Q

Verhoeff’s Van Gieson

A

Elastic

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24
Q

Van Kossa shows

A

Calcium

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25
Q

Ziehl neelson shows

A

Acid fast bacilli (t.b.)

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26
Q

Nuclei in gomori’s aldehyde fuchsin technique

A

Yellow - no specific stain for nuclei

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27
Q

Mast cells in a gomori’s aldehyde fuchsin technique

A

Purple - GAF not specific for elastic

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28
Q

Gram positive bacteria if over differentiated after crystal violet

A

Red

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29
Q

Nuclei in the brown and brenn gram stain if over differentiated with picric acid/acetone

A

Yellow

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30
Q

Fungi in the periodic acid schiff (pas) technique

A

Magenta - chitin binds with schiffs

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31
Q

Fungi in the grocott’s methenamine silver technique

A

Black - silver impregnation

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32
Q

Neutral mucins in a pas technique if potassium permanganate is used as the oxidizing agent

A

Light pink - colour of background - CHO overoxidized from aldehydes to acid state

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33
Q

Cytoplasm in an H&E if over differentiated with acid alcohol

A

Pink - only affects nuclei

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34
Q

Epithelial acid mucins in the Southgate’s mucicarmine technique

A

Red

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35
Q

Cytoplasm in an H&E if the blueing agent is not properly removed

A

Very pale pink

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36
Q

Nuclei in the Congo red technique

A

Blue - stained with aluminum hematoxylin

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37
Q

Calcium in the von kossa technique

A

Black - silver impregnation

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38
Q

Glycogen, after diastase in the periodic acid schiff technique

A

Pale pink - background colour

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39
Q

Mycobacterium after ziehl Nelson technique

A

Red - AFB stain with carbon fuchsin

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40
Q

Streptococcus after ziehl Nelson technique

A

Blue - color of background

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41
Q

Neutral lipids for oil red O cut on a cryostat

A

Red to orange

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42
Q

Neutral lipids for oil red O cut from wax block

A

Not demonstrated - removed

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43
Q

Hemosiderin after a perl’s Prussian Blue

A

Blue

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44
Q

Nuclei after masson’s trichrome using an aluminum hematoxylin

A

Red - same as cytoplasm

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45
Q

Fine elastic fibers in verhoeff’s van gieson (vvg) after leaving in van gieson reagent too long

A

Not black/not demonstrated - iron hematoxylin removed by the acid

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46
Q

Cytoplasm if underdifferentiated in the VVG technique

A

Grey to black

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47
Q

Reticulin fibers if iron alum is skipped in the Gordon and sweet’s

A

Not demonstrated

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48
Q

Melanin if potassium permanganate was used as an oxidizing agent in the gomori burtner technique

A

Not demonstrated - removed

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49
Q

Melanin in the luxol fast if over differentiated with lithium carbonate

A

Pink

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50
Q

Nissl substance using the cresyl echt violet technique

A

Violet

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51
Q

Carboxylated mucins after alcian blue technique ph 1.0

A

No demonstration - not blue

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52
Q

Mast cells using geimsa or toluidine blue

A

Violet - both metachromatic dyes

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53
Q

Control slide for alcian blue

A

Small intestine

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54
Q

Control slide for bielschowskys silver technique

A

Grey matter

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55
Q

Control slide for brown & brenn gram stain

A

Infected tissue

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56
Q

Control slide for Congo red

A

Known amyloid slide

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57
Q

Control slide for cresyl echt violet

A

Grey matter

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58
Q

Control slide gomori burtner

A

Skin

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59
Q

Control slide for gomori’s aldehyde fuchsin

A

Aorta or skin

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60
Q

Control slide for Gordon & sweet’s

A

Spleen or liver

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61
Q

Control slide for grocott’s methenamine silver

A

Known fungi slide

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62
Q

Control slide for masson’s trichrome

A

Kidney

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63
Q

Control slide for hematoxylin & eosin

A

Small intestine

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64
Q

Control slide for luxol fast Blue

A

Cerebellum

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65
Q

Control slide for masson’s trichrome

A

Kidney

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66
Q

Control slide for oil red o

A

Fatty liver

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67
Q

Control slide for periodic acid schiff’s glycogen

A

Liver

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68
Q

Control slide for PAS for neutral mucins

A

Small intestine

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69
Q

Control slide for perl’s Prussian blue

A

Known hemosiderosis slide

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70
Q

Control slide for verhoeff’s van gieson

A

Aorta or skin

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71
Q

Control slide for ziehl neelson

A

Known TB lung

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72
Q

A pathologist is reading the gross description report and it indicates that the patient sample they are examining should uterus but under the microscope they see tissue from a breast on the slide. What could be the reason for the pathologist not receiving the correct specimen with the gross description report?

A

The pathologist assistant opened two specimen containers at a time and grabbed the wrong specimen while grossing.

The pathologist assistant gave the wrong requisition to the wrong specimen after grossing.

The technologist while embedding opened two cassettes at one time and put the wrong tissue in wax mold with the wrong cassette on top.

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73
Q

____ counteracts the shrinking of the cells that occur from picric avoid in bouins fixative

A

Acetic acid

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74
Q

What information would you find on a tissue cassette?

A

Block number

Year and surgical number

Number of tissue pieces

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75
Q

Before processing decalcified tissue, what is the next step?

A

Neutralize acid

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76
Q

The grossing area recieves a liver biopsy that appears fatty. The pathologist wants to preserve the lipids in the tissue. What is the best fixative to use for lipid studies?

A

Osmium tetroxide

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77
Q

A technologist completed an H & E stain on breast tissue and decided to check the slide under the microscope to verify if the stain worked correctly. The technologist noticed that all the lipids were destroyed in the tissue. What fixative was used in the grossing area that could have destroyed all the lipids on the slide?

A

100% ethanol

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78
Q

Which fixative is the best in providing maximum preservation of glycogen in the tissue

A

Picric acid 95%- 100% ethyl alcohol

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79
Q

Problems associated with picric acid

A

Yellow discolouration of tissue
Hemolyzes RBCs
Dissolves iron
Explosive when dry

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80
Q

Problems associated with 95%-100% ethyl alcohol

A

Flammable poisonous excessive hardness & shrinkage government regulated

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81
Q

Describe the choice of fixative to use and there reasons why you choose that fixative for immunological studies

A

B5 it zinc formalin

Enhances immunoreactivity
Coagulant fixative
Gives permeability
Better antibody penetration
More intense staining
Enhances nuclear detail, and good morphology
Enhances staining of both nuclei & cytoplasm

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82
Q

Upon microscopic examination, an H&E stained section of routinely processed spoken shows small brown to black granules evenly distributed throughout the tissue. Suggest a possible causative agent and describe how this artifact can be removed

A

Formalin pigment - acid formaldehyde hematin (AFH)

Formaldehyde/ formalin, acid ph, hemoglobin (blood rich tissues)

1) bring section to absolute alcohol
2) place section in saturated picric acid for 5 min to 2 hours depending on the amount of pigment present
3) wash for 15 to 20 min in running tap water
4) proceed to desired stain

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83
Q

Surface decalcification

A

Rough in to exposed the tissue
- surface of the tissue is placed in 1% HCL for 15-60 minutes
- this allows only several sections to be cut

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84
Q

A. Disposal of used 10% NBF

A

Wear appropriate PPE - mask, gloves and safety glasses. Work in a chemical fume hood. Mix with formalex in a ratio of 1:5 with formalin. Leave for a minimum of 1 hour (when a precipitate has formed, the fixative has been “neutralized”). This solution can now safely be poured down the sink with running tap water.

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85
Q

The 3 ingredients in B5 fixative are:

A

Mercuric chloride, sodium acetate, formaldehyde

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86
Q

Which fixative is classified as a non additive

A

95% ethyl alcohol

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87
Q

Which fixative is considered a substitute for B5

A

Zinc formalin

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88
Q

Commercial stock formaldehyde solution contains

A

40% formaldehyde

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89
Q

Formalin pigment (AFH), may be removed from tissue by: (acidic ph and blood cause formalin pigment)

A

Alcoholic picture acid

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90
Q

Non-coagulant fixatives

A

Creates a gel that makes penetration by subsequent solutions difficult. Example: 10% NB formalin
Formaldehyde, acetic acid

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91
Q

Additive fixatives (non “A” words) formalin, Mercury, osmium, glutaraldehyde

A

Formalin, Mercury, osmium, glutaraldehyde

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92
Q

Non-additive fixatives (“a” words)

A

Alcohol, acetic acid, acetone

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93
Q

Coagulants (ZAPAM)

A

Zinc, alcohol, picric acid, acetone, Mercury

94
Q

Tissue is fixed in order to:

A

Stop autolysis

95
Q

Which fixative is considered the “routine fixative”

A

10% NB formalin

96
Q

Best secondary fixative for cytoplasmic (trichrome) staining

A

Bouin’s

97
Q

After fixative tissue in Bouin’s solution the excess picric acid is removed by washing in:

A

70% ethanol

98
Q

Which fixative makes lipids insoluble

A

Osmium tetroxide

99
Q

A dye appears colorless because its chromophore was reduced. The reaction is reversible

A

Leuco compound

100
Q

Basophilic tissue has a ____ charge

A

Negative

101
Q

Another name for a basic or positively charged dye

A

Cationic dye

102
Q

The ionizing radical of a dye which is responsible for it’s bonding to oppositely charged tissue group (ie: -OH, -SO3H, -COOH, -NH2)

A

Auxochrome

103
Q

The process of selectively removing excess or non-specific stain from tissue components where it’s presence is not desired. This may be accomplished by using solvents, acid or basic solutions, mordants, etc

A

Differentiation

104
Q

A color complex that includes a benzene ring and a chromophore. It is not considered a dye

A

Chromagen

105
Q

Used in staining techniques to increase the intensity and selectivity or affinity of dyes for certain tissues or components of tissue (ie: phenol in carbon fuchsin).

A

Accentuator

106
Q

The staffing of tissue, with a dye, in a predictable way. A green dye stains the tissue green.

A

Orthochromasia

107
Q

The phenomenon that occurs when a single pure due stains chromotrophic tissue in a color that differs from that of the dye solution (due to polymerization).

A

Metochromasia

108
Q

A stain applied after the main tissue component highlighted. This serves as a contract so the main component stands out better.

A

Counterstain

109
Q

Why is it necessary to oxidize hematoxylin before using just as a staining solution?

A

To concert it to hematein,a dye

110
Q

Which of the following contains aluminum ammonium sulfate?

A

Harris hematoxylin

111
Q

What is the most likely cause of eosin being too pale in an H&E stain?

A

Tissue not rinsed well enough in water after blueing agent used.

112
Q

After completion of a masson’s trichrome technique, the cytoplasm appears muddy. What is the cause of this result?

A

Aniline blue is causing a discoloration of the cytoplasm

113
Q

Which statement is true for masson’s trichrome technique?

A

Acid fuchsin initially stains the collagen red

114
Q

Why is the staining time critical in the van gieson reagent in the verhoeff’s van gieson technique?

A

Picric acid continues the differentiation of the elastic fibers

115
Q

What is the function of getting chloride in the verhoeff’s van gieson technique?

A

Mordant
Oxidizer
Differentiator

116
Q

Demonstrates large and small elastic fibers easily

A

Tomorrow aldehyde fuchsin technique

117
Q

After completion of a Gordon and sweet’s technique, the reticulum is demonstrated as pale grey fibers. Which of the following would be the possible cause?

A

The time in the ferric ammonium sulfate was to short

118
Q

Toluidine blue
Gomori’s aldehyde fuchsin
Giemsa
All techniques demonstrates?

A

Mast cells

119
Q

Which of the following is the mordant salt used to make hematoxylin solutions most commonly used in the routine H&E?

A

Aluminum

120
Q

A hematoxylin solution that is commonly used progressively and very rarely used regressively is

A

Mayers

121
Q

Microscopic differentiation of tissue components in unstained tissue sections is difficult. Consequently, routine stains are used to:

A

Demonstrate the tissue components uniformly

122
Q

A substance that has the ability to bind to silver solution and reduce it to a metallic form is Said to be

A

Argentaffin

123
Q

Select the oxidizer in the f Gordon and sweet’s silver impregnation procedure for reticulin fibers

A

Potassium permanganate

124
Q

Quenching (snap freezing)

A

Muscle biopsy, uses clamps to prevent muscle from contraction, details will not be seen

125
Q

Thickness of specimen used in cryostat

A

6 um store at -70 degrees c

126
Q

What would the results be for the different carboxylated if you did a PAS technique on your slides

A

Glycogen = positive
Neutral mucin = positive
Acid mucin = negative

127
Q

What would be the result for the different carbohydrates if you did a PAS diastase technique on your slides

A

Glycogen = negative
Neutral mucin = positive
Acid mucin = negative

128
Q

What would the results be for the different carbohydrates if you did a alcian blue techniques on your slides

A

Glycogen = negative
Neutral mucin = negative
Acid mucin = positive

129
Q

What would the results be for the different carbohydrates if you did a Southgates mucicarmine technique on your slides

A

Glycogen = negative
Neutral mucin = negative
Acid mucin = positive

130
Q

What are the two oxidizing agents used in the PAS technique

A

Periodic acid and tap water

131
Q

A pre-treatment slide can be used to identify the difference between Al and AA

A

Congo red

132
Q

Uses an amylase to remove glycogen from tissue

A

PAS

133
Q

Had hydroxyl groups in the tissue

A

Perl’s Prussian blue

134
Q

Schiff’s reagent is

A

Colorless

135
Q

Fixative for PPB is

A

10% NBF

136
Q

Gomori burtner technique uses which forceps

A

Plastic

137
Q

After performing a PPB technique, you look under the microscope and can’t find any evidence of ferritin on your control slide and patient slides what could be the probable cause?

A

Forgot to add HCL to histochemical solution
Potassium ferrocyanide was made up
Two months before use
Tissue was fixed in bouin’s

138
Q

When performing ziehl neelson technique, carbon fuchsin is heated at 60 C. What would the heat do to the stain?

A

Allows for better dye penetration

139
Q

What is found on the mycobacterium cell wall that allows staining with carbol fuchsinto occur

A

Mycolic acid

140
Q

What is the purpose of adding borax to working methenamine silver in grocott’s methenamine silver technique

A

Buffer

141
Q

After performing gram’s stain you noticed that nuclei are red, tissue is yellow, grab positive bacteria are purple and gram negative bacteria are purple. What is the reason for this result?

A

Under colorized in the acetone (acetone step in between gram’s iodine and basic)

142
Q

After performing f
Grocott’s methenamine silver you notice that the tissue is green but you can not find fungus on the slide. What could be the probable cause?

A

Silver was not made correctly
There was no fungus on the control slide to begin with tissue were left in silver solution at room temperature for 30 min

143
Q

What is the silver impregnation technique used to stain nervous tissue

A

Bielschowskys technique

144
Q

In gram’s stain technique what two solutions are combined together to form a high molecular weight complex?

A

Crystal violet, gram’s iodine

145
Q

What kind of result would you get if you use tap water before adding carbon fuchsin on your slides when doing the ziehl neelson technique

A

False positive as there is mycobacteria in tap water

146
Q

What control slide would you use when performing oil red o

A

Fatty liver cut at 10 um

147
Q

Differentiation agents in the luxol fast blue procedure for myelin are:

A

Lithium carbonate and 70% alcohol

148
Q

Neutral lipids are chemically fixed and made insoluble in tissue by:

A

Osmium tetroxide

149
Q

What technique uses copper pthalocyanine chromagen to stain tissue

A

Luxol fast blue

150
Q

When staining tissues with hematoxylin and riding, what’s is the appropriate colors for the tissue components as an end result when stain is complete

A

Nuclei = blue
Collagen = pink
Reticulin = not demonstrated
Cytoplasm = pink
Muscle = pink
RBC’s = dark pink
Lipid = not demonstrated

151
Q

When staining tissues with verhoeff’s van gieson, what is the appropriate colors for the tissue component as an end result when stain is complete

A

Nuclei = black
Collagen = red
Reticulin = not demonstrated
Elastin = black
Cytoplasm = yellow
Muscle = yellow
RBC’s = bright yellow
Lipids - no

152
Q

When staying tissues with Gordon and sweet’s, what is the appropriate colors for the tissue components as an end result when stain is complete

A

Nuclei = red
Collagen = pink/grey
Reticulin = black/grey
Elastin = pink
Cytoplasm = pink
Muscle = pink
RBC’s = pink
Lipids = not demonstrated

153
Q

When staying tissues with tomorrow aldehyde fuchsin, what is the appropriate colors for the tissue components as an end result when stain is complete

A

Nuclei = yellow
Collagen = red
Reticulin = not demonstrated
Elastin = purple
Cytoplasm = yellow
Muscle = yellow
RBC’s = bright yellow
Lipids = not demonstrated

154
Q

When staying tissues with masson’s trichrome, what is the appropriate colors for the tissue components as an end result when stain is complete

A

Nuclei = black
Collagen = blue/green
Reticulin= not demonstrated
Elastin = red
Cytoplasm = red
Muscle = red
RBC’s = red
Lipids = not demonstrated

155
Q

What technique uses light green to stain collagen

A

Mason’s trichrome

156
Q

Which technique uses iodine as a trapping agent

A

Brown and brenn’s

157
Q

Mercuric oxide in H&E is used as a/an?

A

Oxidizing agent

158
Q

What does acid fuchsin stain in masson’s trichrome technique

A

Erythrosin

159
Q

In what technique does ferric chloride act as an oxidizing agent differentiation agent and mordant

A

VVG

160
Q

What is the name of the bleaching agent in Gordon and sweet’s

A

Oxalic acid

161
Q

Gold chloride is a toning agent in which connective tissue staining technique

A

G&S

162
Q

What is the reason for using glycerol in H&E

A

Stabilizer

163
Q

Which staining technique uses bouin’s to increase acidophila

A

masson’s trichrome technique

164
Q

What is the solution used in Gordon and sweet’s to cover aldehyde groups with Fe jobs to prepare for silver binding to retic fibers

A

Ferric ammonium sulphate or iron alum

165
Q

While performing Gordon and sweet’s technique, you notice that you’re tissue has fallen off the spider. What is the reason for this

A

Silver is a very alkaline solution and has the tendency to cause the tissue to fall off the side

166
Q

After completing gomori aldehyde fuchsin technique for elastic, you notice no elastic fibers are stained on your control slide. What is the reason for this

A

Aldehyde fuchsin is too old
Aldehyde fuchsin used to early and didn’t give enough time to ripen
Timing in aldehyde fuchsin solution is too short

167
Q

After completing verhoeff’s van gieson technique you notice on your control slide that your background seems muddy. What is the reason for this

A

Slides in the sodium thiosulphate for too long

168
Q

After completing masson’s trichrome technique, you notice your control slide doesn’t have nuclei stained. What is the reason for this

A

Used aluminum hematoxylin to stain nuclei

169
Q

The volume of fixing fluid should be

A

15- 20 times the amount of specimen

170
Q

Why specimens are separated by different types of tissue

A

Helps to eliminate mistakes

171
Q

What occurs when additive fixative is used

A

Methylene bridges

172
Q

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution what could happen

A

It will shrink

173
Q

What is used in clearing portion of processor

A

Xylene

174
Q

How long does it take for processor to complete the cycle

A

13 hours

175
Q

____ increases Acidophilia and basophilia of the tissue

A

Mercury fixative

176
Q

Mushy sections can be caused by

A

Under dehydration

177
Q

Methylene bridges

A

Formation is reversible using the tap water

178
Q

Serial sectioning

A

Requires all sections be saved on subsequently numbers slides

179
Q

Tissue gouged, chunked out - reason?

A

Roughed I’m advancing too far

180
Q

Best knife to obtain section on EM

A

Diamond

181
Q

The clearance angle on a rotary microtome is

A

3 to 8 degrees

182
Q

Temperatures used for drying sections

A

45
55
37

183
Q

The x ray test to determine The endpoint not used on tissue fixed in

A

Zenker’s - Mercury will interfere

184
Q

Size of tissue cassettes

A

4x3x0.5 cm

185
Q

The specimen must not need exceed ____in thickness

A

0.3 cm

186
Q

Explain label S95-6142-2

A

S- surgical
95- year
6142- case #
2- blocks #

187
Q

Routine processing

A

Fixation (10% NBF)
Dehydration (70% alcohol)
(95%)
(100%)
Clearing (xylene)
Paraffin (wax)

188
Q

Purge

A

Cleaning cycles
Xylene- clean
100% ethanol - to remove xylene
Hot water - to remove buffer salts

189
Q

Incomplete dehydration, corrective actions

A

Xylene
Alcohol (several changes)
Xylene
Paraffin

190
Q

Incomplete clearing

A

Tissue- opaque, cloudy, soft, shrinks
Current to remove wax
2 changes of xylene to remove alcohol
Reimpregnation wax

191
Q

Melting point of wax

A

45 to 5o degrees Celsius

192
Q

Melting point of hard wax

A

50 to 60 degrees Celsius

193
Q

Incomplete infiltration

A

Moist block, soft
Smells of xylene
Mushy
Correction- 2-3 changes of paraffin wax

194
Q

Most critical step of embedding

A

Specimen orientation

195
Q

Cracks around tissue in the block is caused by

A

Super cooling of the cold plate

196
Q

Multiple small pieces must be placed

A

In a row or located centrally

197
Q

Embedding of small intestine tissue

A

Tissue wall on edge- all layers are visible

198
Q

The higher the plastic point

A

More support

199
Q

Collagen capsule should be

A

The last part to hit the knife

200
Q

Fluid paraffin converts to a solid by

A

Crystalization

201
Q

Extended sitting of tissue in melted paraffin cause

A

Tissue to shrink and harden

202
Q

Additive fixatives (my cat picked at Frank’s good table) - adds something

A

Mercuric chloride, picric acid, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide

203
Q

Noon additive fixatives

A

Alcohols and acetone coagulant fixatives (my cat eats meat and potatoes au gratin) - sponge Network

204
Q

Non-coagulant fixatives (for good girls obey their parents daily)- jello (all non-coagulants are additive)

A

Formalin, glut, typical, osmium tetroxide, potassium dichromate

205
Q

Steps for fixation for EM with glutaraldehyde

A

Glute>phosphate buffer>sucrose solution>osmium tetroxide

206
Q

Acetic acid

A

Non coagulant (only nucleoprotein), does not fix carbs or lipids, dissolves out certain cells organelles (mito and golgi), precipitate DNA, lyses RBCs

207
Q

10% aqueous formalin ingredients

A

Formaldehyde and DI water ( very hypotonic and may produce formalin pigment)

208
Q

10% aqueous formalin ingredients

A

Formaldehyde and DI water ( very hypotonic and may produce formalin pigment)

209
Q

10% formalin saline ingredients

A

Formaldehyde, NaCl, DI water (isotonic, but may produce formalin pigments)

210
Q

Calcium formalin ingredients

A

Formaldehyde, calcium chloride, DI water (recommended for fixation and preservation of phospholipids in tissue

211
Q

Calcium formalin ingredients

A

Formaldehyde, calcium chloride, DI water (recommended for fixation and preservation of phospholipids in tissue)

212
Q

Formalin ammonium bromide ingredients formaldehyde, ammonium bromide, DI water (recommended only for CNS tissue, especially Cajal’s astrocyte procedure- very acidic, lyses RBCs, and gives a direct positive schiff reaction due to Fuelgen hydrolysis during fixation

A

Formalin ammonium bromide ingredients

213
Q

Formalin ammonium bromide ingredients formaldehyde, ammonium bromide, DI water (recommended only for CNS tissue, especially Cajal’s astrocyte procedure- very acidic, lyses RBCs, and gives a direct positive schiff reaction due to Fuelgen hydrolysis during fixation

A

Formalin ammonium bromide ingredients

214
Q

Acetate formalin ingredients

A

Formaldehyde, sodium acetate, DI water (can use calcium acetate and substitute for calcium formalin)

215
Q

Acetate formalin ingredients

A

Formaldehyde, sodium acetate, DI water (can use calcium acetate and substitute for calcium formalin)

216
Q

10% neutralized formalin ingredients

A

Formaldehyde, DI water, calcium or magnesium carbonate (solution becomes highly acidic after withdrawal from storage bottle)

217
Q

10% NBF ingredients

A

Formaldehyde, distilled water, sodium phosphate mono basic, sodium phosphate dibasic (pH 6.8, hypotonic)

218
Q

Modified millonig’s formalin ingredients

A

Formaldehyde, DI water, sodium phosphate monobasic, NaOh (isotonic, pH 7.2-7.4, can be used for EM)

219
Q

Formalin alcohol ingredients

A

Formaldehyde, ethyl alcohol, DI water (in addition to fixation, dehydration is also started)

220
Q

Glutaraldehyde

A

Cannot be used with Schiff’s reagent, frequently used for fixation of specimens for EM, preserves ultrastructure, 2 hours or less for fixation

221
Q

Mercuric chloride

A

Powerful protein coagulant, enhances staining by leaving tissue receptive to dyes, produces pigment that can be removed with iodine and sodium thiosulfate

222
Q

Mercuric chloride

A

Powerful protein coagulant, enhances staining by leaving tissue receptive to dyes, produces pigment that can be removed with iodine and sodium thiosulfate

223
Q

Osmium tetroxide

A

EM, makes lipids insoluble

224
Q

Osmium tetroxide

A

EM, makes lipids insoluble

225
Q

Picric acid

A

Strong coagulant of nucleoprotein, leaves DNA soluble, recommended for glycogen fixation, leaves tissue receptive to acid dyes

226
Q

Picric acid

A

Strong coagulant of nucleoprotein, leaves DNA soluble, recommended for glycogen fixation, leaves tissue receptive to acid dyes

227
Q

Potassium dichromate

A

Dissolves DNA, preserves lipids and mito

228
Q

Zinc sulfate

A

Protein coagulant, nuclear detail, better paraffin infiltration

229
Q

Zinc sulfate

A

Protein coagulant, nuclear detail, better paraffin infiltration

230
Q

B5 fixative ingredients

A

Mercuric chloride, sodium acetate, di water, for aldehyde (beautiful nuclear detail, must be treated to remove mercury pigment,preferred fixative for many Ab used in immunoperoxidase staining)

HTL Exam Comprehensive Prep (1 decks)

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